学习笔记——韩刚《B2A“译点通”：Pre-CATTI汉译英表达经典练习1000+》（8）
一、填词根据中文句意和字母提示将横线空缺处的单词填写完整。（Day 1 ）
要推动国有资本做强、做优、做大，有效防止国有资产流失。
We will support state capital in becoming stronger, doing better, and g________ bigger, and take effective measures to prevent the loss of state assets.
【翻译】Efforts shall be made to enable national capitalsto become stronger, perform better, and expand bigger so as to effectively prevent national assets from being lost.（真正主语是谁？是国有资本还是“我们”？）
【参考答案和解析】growing。“做大、做优、做强”还可以简单译为grow bigger，better and stronger。“推动”这一动词在翻译时往往进行隐藏或删除，改写中文后从写作高度做翻译，此处可以改写为“支持……做大”。“有效防止”则进行了增词，处理为“采取有效措施来防止”，是为了照顾英文的可读性。如果直接译为effectively prevent….略显突兀，因为prevent sth.一定是有效的，所以此处“有效”在英文里不应与prevent放在一起，要合理搭配词组。官方译文选用了最常见的take...measures来处理，非常贴切自然。
【短语总结】
1.国有资本
(1) state capital：推进国有资本投资、运营公司改革试点。We will make progress in work on piloting reforms in state capital investment and management companies.
(2) state-owned capital：深化国资国企改革，加快国有经济布局优化和结构调整，推动国有资本和国有企业做强做优做大，提升企业核心竞争力。We will deepen reform of state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises (SOEs); accelerate efforts to improve the layout of the state-owned sector and adjust its structure; work to see state-owned capital and enterprises get stronger, do better, and grow bigger; and enhance the core competitiveness of SOEs.
(3) state-owned asset：加大财税、金融、国企国资等重要领域改革力度。Reform will be stepped up in fiscal, taxation, financial, state-owned enterprises, state-owned asset and other key areas.
2.有效……
(1) effectively：抓紧解决机制和技术问题，优先保障可再生能源发电上网，有效缓解弃水、弃风、弃光状况。加快秸秆资源化利用。We will act quickly to improve our mechanisms and technologies, enabling us to prioritize the integration of renewable energy sources into the electric grid and effectively address wasted hydro-, wind- and solar-power generation capacities. 及时公开透明有效应对公共卫生事件。We will respond to public health accidents promptly, publicly, and effectively.
(2) 含effective的动词短语：四要有效应对重污染天气。Fourth, we will take effective steps to tackle heavy air pollution. 有效发挥地方政府债券作用。We will make effective use of local government bonds.
【译法总结】
反复重叠动词词组的翻译方法。
“反复重叠动词词组”在中文里很常见，比如：做强、做优、做大（三个“做”字结构）；抓实、抓细、抓好（三个“抓”字结构）；想清楚、说明白、做到位（三个不同动词）；多看、多听、多问（三个“多”字结构）。这类结构在翻译成英文时，不能机械地重复同一个动词三次（英文不习惯这样），而是需要根据逻辑关系与语义侧重点，采用以下几种方法处理：
(1)动词换词法：（同一个动词反复出现，但英文中换用不同的词来对应不同侧面。这是最常用的翻译方法。中文一个“做”字包打天下，英文要分解为 “become / do / grow / make / turn” 等。）
做强、做优、做大 | become stronger, do better, grow bigger |
做实、做深、做细 | make solid, deepen, refine |
抓好、管好、用好 | manage well, oversee properly, utilize efficiently |
(2) 形容词比较级排比法：把动词弱化，直接使用形容词比较级，结构简洁有力。省略重复动词，只保留核心比较级，这样英文也很地道。
做强、做优、做大 | stronger, better, bigger We will make state capital stronger, better, and bigger. |
做高、做精、做专 | higher, more sophisticated, more specialized |
(3) 动词 + 不同介词/副词法：同一个动词（如 do / work / carry out）搭配不同介词或副词，产生不同含义。利用副词/介词短语来区分语义，保持动词一致。
做实、做细、做到位 | do solidly, do meticulously, do thoroughly |
抓早、抓小、抓了 | act early, address small issues, close the loop |
(4) 三词递进法（动词 + 名词短语）：将每个“动词+形容词”转换为“动词+名词”，形成递进。把形容词转化为抽象名词，使表达更正式、更书面。
做强、做优、做大 | build strength, improve quality, expand scale We will build strength, improve quality, and expand scale of state capital. |
抓紧、抓实、抓好 | maintain urgency, ensure solidity, achieve results |
(5) 语义合并法（二合一或三合二）：如果三个词组语义重叠较大，可以合并成两个甚至一个英文动词。但是：合并会丢失部分排比修辞效果，适用于语义高度重复的情况。
做强、做优（合并）→做优做强 | strengthen and improve |
做实、做细、做好（合并）→做实做细 | implement thoroughly and meticulously |
