《组织社会心理学》学习笔记 030

全文：Nord’s final point is that the phrase implies an interest in knowledge that can be used. He goes on to note that the emphasis in the phrase organizational behavior is more clinical and practical than theoretical. There is room for debate on this point. As Derek Pugh (1966) has said, "applied psychology is a contradiction in terms because there is yet no coherent body of acceptable theory and data which can be drawn upon and applied once we get beyond the level of learning of perceptual and motor skills.”

参考译文：诺德的最后一个论点是，这个短语暗示了对可被使用的知识的兴趣。他进一步指出，"组织行为"这一短语的侧重点更具临床性和实践性，而非理论性。在这一点上有辩论的余地。正如德里克·普格所言："应用心理学是一个术语上的矛盾，因为一旦我们超越感知与运动技能学习的层面，就还没有一个连贯的、可被接受的理论与数据体系可供我们汲取和应用。"

原文：Similar arguments can be found in Merton (1963), Krech (1968), Heiskanen(1967), and Minogue (1973). Organizational theory needs to ask better questions to improve what it has to apply. Questions may well improve as we get closer to the data, as we do better thick descriptions of organizations, and as we try our hand at thinking prescriptively (Nystrom and Starbuck 1977).

参考译文：类似的论证可见于托马斯·默顿 、克雷奇、海斯卡尼恩 和米诺格。组织理论需要提出更好的问题，以改进它所必须应用的东西。随着我们更接近数据、随着我们更好地进行组织的厚描述，以及随着我们尝试规范性思考，问题很可能会得到改善。

原文：In summary, several things can be said about the term organizational behavior. The term suggests that both psychology and sociology are combined in this topic, but then conventional disciplines such as psychology and sociology are quite arbitrary collections of activities (Campbell 1969). It is not necessarily in the best interests of vigorous development of organizational theorizing to incorporate intact disciplines. The qualifier "organizational" also has a kind of stiffness and frozenness that the word "organizing" does not. "Organizational" as a qualifier also suggests that the topic of interest is substance rather than pattern and form. We believe instead that the crucial issues in organizational inquiry turn on issues of pattern and form, not on issues of substance.

参考译文：总之，关于"组织行为"这一术语，可以说以下几点。该术语暗示心理学与社会学在此主题中相结合，但传统的学科如心理学和社会学，本身就是相当任意的活动集合。将完整的学科原封不动地纳入，未必符合组织化理论建构蓬勃发展的最佳利益。"组织的"这一限定词还带有某种"组织化"一词所不具备的僵硬性与凝固性。 "组织的"作为限定词，还暗示感兴趣的主题是实体而非模式与形式。相反，我们认为组织探究中的关键问题取决于模式与形式的问题，而非实体的问题。

原文：To illustrate this important point we can look at the complicated issue of reification (Haworth 1959). Reification means to treat an abstract concept as if it referred to a thing. In the case of organization, if we read that "an organization acts" we could assume that because there is the single noun-word "organization," something in nature must correspond to it-something that is independent, unique, unchanging, and capable of entering subject-predicate relations with other things. What we want to avoid is treating organization as a separate force or agent. What we want to do instead is look at behaviors that are eventful, process-like, and that possess some kind of distinctive quality that make it reasonable to call them organizational.

参考译文：为了说明这一重要论点，我们可以审视物化这一复杂问题。物化意味着将抽象概念当作仿佛指涉某一实体之物来对待。就组织而言，如果我们读到"一个组织行动"，我们可能会假设：既然在"organization"这个单一的名词，那么自然中必有某物与之对应——某物是独立的、独特的、不变的，且能够与其他事物进入主谓关系。我们想要避免的，是将组织视为一种独立的力量或能动者。我们想要做的取而代之，是审视那些具有事件性、过程性的行为——这些行为具备某种独特的品质，使得我们有理由称其为"组织的"。

原文：Throughout this book we will refer to organizations acting. When we say that "an organization acts," we mean this as a shorthand statement which, when translated, results in a conjunction of statements, each one of which describes a double interact (see Chapter 4) between two or more human beings, one of whom can even be imagined.

参考译文：在本书中，我们将继续提及"组织行动"。当我们说"一个组织行动"时，我们的意思是：这是一个速记陈述，一旦被翻译，它就转化为一系列陈述的联结——其中每一个陈述都描述了一个双重互动，发生在两个或更多人之间，其中一人甚至可以是想象的。

原文：Whenever organizations act —the university gave tenure, the government negotiated, the bakery searched its memory, the orchestra enacted chaos - people act. And any assertion that organizations act can be decomposed into some set of interacts among individuals such that if these people had not generated and meshed a specific set of their actions, and if these actions had not been generated by and meshed among any other people, then the organization would not have performed the act attributed to it.

参考原文：每当组织行动时——大学授予终身教职、政府进行谈判、面包店搜寻其记忆、乐团制定混沌——都是人在行动。任何关于组织行动的断言，都可以分解为个体之间的一系列互动，其条件是：如果这些人没有产生并契合一组特定的行动，且如果这些行动没有被任何其他人产生并契合，那么该组织就不会执行被归因于它的那个行动。