【26版同步英语人教版学习笔记选择性必修一Unit 4Section ⅢDiscovering Useful Structure
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures—The -ing form(4) as the object and the predicative
阅读以下短文，感知标注序号的部分在句中作什么成分
When the old man was young，he was fond of ①wandering in the street，for he found it was ②interesting to talk to some people.As a consequence，he became better at ③communicating with others.Later，he came to this city and his job was ④talking to some old people.He was very popular with the old people and earned much money.This meant ⑤his being able to buy a small house，although he didn’t mind ⑥living in that old house.He enjoyed ⑦living in this city and never considered ⑧changing his job，because ⑨making up jokes to entertain the old people was an interesting thing for him.
(1)在句中作主语的是____________；
(2)在句中作表语的是____________；
(3)在句中作宾语的是____________，其中________在句中作介词的宾语，动名词的复合结构作宾语的是____________。
一、v.-ing作宾语的用法
1．牢记下列用v.-ing形式作宾语的动词：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，imagine，mind，practise，risk，suggest，miss，finish，keep等。
The student admitted being careless in doing homework.
这个学生承认做家庭作业粗心。
She imagined walking into the office and telling everyone what she thought of them.
她想象自己走进办公室，对每个人说出自己对他们的看法。
He escaped being killed in the blast because he had not gone to work.
他因没有去上班而避免了在那次爆炸中丧生。
2．只能接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：can’t help，insist on，end up，feel like，succeed in，prevent/stop/keep...from，devote...to，look forward to，pay attention to，be accustomed to，be used to，get down to，stick to，lead to，object to等。
They insisted on visiting that plant next week.他们坚持下个星期参观那家工厂。
I didn’t succeed in making myself understood by him.我没能让他理解我。
I have been looking forward to seeing you.
我一直盼望见到你。
We should take effective measures to prevent our oceans from being polluted.
我们应该采取有效措施阻止我们的海洋受到污染。
3．动词need，require，want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。
The problem requires dealing with/to be dealt with immediately.
这个问题需要马上处理。
The building wants rewiring/to be rewired.这座楼房需要重新安装电线。
4．在allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词作宾语。
Our teacher does not allow cheating to go unpunished.我们的老师不允许作弊行为不受到惩罚。
They don’t permit scratching paint off the wall.他们不允许刮掉墙上的油漆。
注意：如果allow，advise，forbid，permit后有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit＋名词/代词＋不定式(宾语补足语)”形式。
He did not allow himself to be too upset by the news.他没有因听到这个消息而使自己过于烦恼。
5．有些动词、动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有：
动词 | 宾语的形式 | 意义 |
forget | to do | 忘记做…… |
doing | 忘记做过…… |
remember | to do | 记着要去做…… |
doing | 记得做过…… |
regret | to do | 遗憾/抱歉要做…… |
doing | 后悔做了…… |
try | to do | 尽力做…… |
doing | 尝试做…… |
mean | to do | 打算做…… |
doing | 意味着…… |
stop | to do | 停下来去做(另外一件事) |
doing | 停止做(同一件事) |
go on | to do | 接着做(另外一件事) |
doing | 接着做(同一件事) |
I’ve always regretted making friends with him.我一直后悔和他交了朋友。
I regret to say that I can’t attend your party.很抱歉，我不能参加你们的聚会。
I tried sending her flowers but it didn’t have any effect.我尝试送花给她，但是没有什么效果。
We must try to get everything done in time.我们必须设法及时把一切做好。
二、v.-ing作表语的用法
1．v.-ing作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...，这类分词表示“令人……的”，常修饰物。
The argument is very convincing.这个论点很令人信服。
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很令人鼓舞。
注意：不定式和v.-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。v.-ed形式作表语表示外因使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。
My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.
我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。
I was disappointed at this decision.我对这个决定感到失望。
The child was frightened to see the dog.这个孩子看到狗很害怕。
2．v.-ing作表语还可表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
三、动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构作宾语和表语有四种形式：
1．形容词性物主代词＋动名词；
2．名词所有格＋动名词；
3．代词宾格＋动名词；
4．名词＋动名词。
What made all of us worried was his/Jack’s not getting to the station on time.
他/杰克没有准时到车站让我们所有人都很担心。
Do you mind my/me/Jack’s/Jack leaving now？你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．We employed ourselves in ____________________________.
我们正忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。
2．I have to acknowledge that what you said ________________________.
我不得不承认：你说的话确实鼓舞人心。
3．I ____________ you that your assessment hasn’t met our requirements.
我很遗憾地告诉你，你的评估没有达到我们的要求。
4．Many people have suggested ______________ to protect animal rights.
很多人都建议制定更多规则以保护动物权益。
5．It is difficult to imagine __________________ without any consideration.
很难想象他会不假思索就接受了这个决定。
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
愤怒的妻子大声问一名搬运工：“那个贼在哪里？”搬运工很迷惑，立刻回答道：“杰克是我曾知道的最好的人。我们的工作是把顾客的东西安全地送给他们。”然而，妻子讥讽道：“你一定在撒谎，要不然我的东西不会在你的推车里。”搬运工的脸气得通红，反驳道：“我们不是贼。但是问题是杰克在车祸中受伤了。尽管受伤严重，他的愿望是把你的东西送给你。因此我帮他。”一听到这番话，丈夫眼里含着泪水，妻子后悔对搬运工说如此刻薄的话。
The angry wife asked a porter in a loud voice，“Where is that thief？” The porter was 1.__________ and responded at once，“Jack is the best guy I’ve ever known.Our job is 2.________________________.” However，the wife sneered，“You must be lying，or my stuff couldn’t end up 3.______________________.” The porter，his face flushing with anger，retorted，“We are not thieves.But the problem is 4.__________________.Though he is badly injured，his wish is 5.________________________.So I help Jack.” Upon 6.____________，the husband had tears in his eyes and the wife regretted 7._________________________________.
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