A
(选自北师大版必修第三册 Unit 9)
ACTIVE LEARNING
by Kevin Daum
Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.But this isn’t always true.We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”．I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.
1 Listen to the outer voice
There are two kinds of voices: the inner voice and the outer voice.Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions，while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.Although your inner voice can be useful，it can also get in the way of learning.If you keep paying too much attention to it，you risk missing important information.Instead，active learners are open-minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying，not on what their brain is saying in the background.In this way，they are in a better position to make decisions.
2 Argue with your inner voice
If you find your inner voice difficult to control，you can argue with it as most active learners do.When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong，think about why the speaker/writer may be right.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.If not，at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
3 Ask questions
Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.When you get information from someone，from books or the Internet，ask two，three，even five questions about the topic.The answers will lead you to further learning，and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.In short: Do not stop being curious.
4 Get to the truth
Active learners do not accept everything they learn.They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely，there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today，think about why they believe this.Where does the idea come from？Do they have enough data to support their views? If you try to find out the source of an idea，no matter how crazy it seems，you will increase your chance of learning something.
5 Focus on the message
Many people miss out on learning opportunities because they let their feelings get in the way.They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.It is true thatwe cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature，after all.But do not forget you can still learn from them.Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.Instead，they separate the message from the messenger.This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
词汇积累 1．outer adj.外部的，外面的 2．get in the way of 妨碍；阻碍 3．at the heart of ...在……的中心 4．unlikely adj.不大可能的 5．miss out 错过；遗漏；省略 |
1．What do most people believe?
A．We need to train ourselves to be better learners.
B．The human brain learns all by itself.
C．We need to actively take part in the learning process.
D．It isn’t always true that the human brain is set to be “automatic”．
2．How many suggestions are given in the text to take an active role in learning?
A．Five.B．Four.C．Three.D．Six.
3．Which one is the easiest way to promote active learning?
A．Listening to the outer voice.B．Arguing with your inner voice.
C．Asking questions.D．Getting to the truth.
4．What can we learn from the text?
A．The outer voice expresses your personal opinions.
B．Active learners focus on what their brain is saying in the background.
C．Active learners accept everything they learn.
D．Active learners don’t judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.
5．What does the text mainly tell us?
A．The ways of active learning.B．The purpose of active learning.
C．The process of active learning.D．The benefits of active learning.
B
(选自外研版选择性必修第一册 Unit 1)
The Best Medicine
As I approach the hospital wearing my white coat，I look just like any other doctor.That is until I put on my curly rainbow wig，big red nose，and add my name badge“Doctor Larry Laugh-Out-Loud”．I walk through the doors into the waiting area，where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines，all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.Anxious parents do what they can to comfort nervous and crying children.
In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size.I speak with the on-duty nurse，who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.Since getting here，Lara has spent her time crying in pain.Although it’s the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury，it’s my job to make her feel better.
Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which means clown doctors can be helpful.We are specially trained clowns who work as part of a programme known as “hospital clowning”．I chose this career because of my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid.Although the doctors and nurses did a great job，hospitals weren’t really designed for children.I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened and more than a little bored! Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them.
Visiting hospitals and other health care facilities，we clown doctors work together with medical professionals.On a typical day，we spend our time cheering up patients，their families，and more often than not，the hospital staff，too! We do this by doing magic tricks，singing songs，telling stories and，of course，telling silly jokes.Some children，though，don’t feel like laughing，especially if they’re in pain.We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses，who keep us updated on each patient.
And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick.While the doctor concentrates on examining Lara’s ankle，I get her attention by doing a magic trick.Although she is clearly still in some pain，her scared and anxious look has been replaced—first by a small smile，and then by loud laughter as I “magically” produce her sock from out of my pocket.Seeing their daughter so much happier has in turn made Lara’s parents more relaxed.
And as for me? Well，when I take off my wig and my red nose，I’m still wearing a big smile，as I remember all the fun and laughter of the day.While there might be more hospital visits ahead for Lara and others，I hope that clown doctors help make it a friendlier place to visit.After all，it really is true that “laughter is the best medicine”．
词汇积累 1．curly rainbow wig卷曲的彩虹色假发 2．badge n．徽章 3．do what one can to comfort尽力安慰 4．clown doctor小丑医生 5．health care facility医疗保健机构 6．more often than not通常情况下 7．do the trick奏效，达到预期效果 |
1．Why does the author choose to be a clown doctor?
A．The high salary.B．The good working conditions.
C．His parents’ wishes.D．His childhood experience.
2．What is special about the clown’s job?
A．His white coat.
B．His loud laughter.
C．Cheering up the patients，their families and the hospital staff.
D．His magic tricks.
3．Which of the following isn’t performed by clown doctors?
A．Operating on patients.B．Singing songs.
C．Telling stories.D．Doing magic tricks.
4．Why is the laughter helpful?
A．Because it sounds better than other sounds.
B．Because it makes patients feel less painful.
C．Because it makes patients feel relaxed.
D．Because it produces chemicals to make people feel better.
5．What’s the passage mainly about?
A．A little girl whose ankle was injured.
B．What a clown doctor does in the hospital.
C．Why a clown doctor is so funny.
D．A clown doctor isn’t satisfied with his job.
C
Is Body Language Universal?
A wave.Thumbs-up.A middle finger.You may think you know what these common gestures signify...but what happens when you wave to your European friend across the street and she turns to walk the other way?
There’s a reason for that reaction，and it isn’t because your friend is tired of your company.While most Americans interpret a wave as a friendly greeting or goodbye，the same motion is just as likely to communicate the word “no” in parts of Europe and Latin America.The same dissonance is true of other signals: designating the number two or a peace sign by holding up two fingers with the palm facing inward is inoffensive in most of the world，but it’s a vulgar gesture in the United Kingdom and Australia.Curling your pointer finger toward your body might summon someone across the room in the U．S.，but it is a way of saying“goodbye” in Italy.
Looking at these differences，it may feel fairly obvious that body language isn’t universal.But why?
The most common understanding of the subject relates body language to spoken language.Gestures with specific meanings，while called “body language”，belong to the field of kinesics，an area of study that distinguishes these movements from more instinctive actions，such as smiling when happy or looking away when embarrassed.Developed by American anthropologist Ray Birdwhistell in the 1950s，kinesics uses the building blocks of linguistics to understand how gestures generate meaning.As the units of sound that form spoken words are called phonemes，the units of motion that form kinesic gestures are called kinemes—and，as the same phoneme can communicate a different meaning across languages，the same kineme can also communicate different meanings in different cultures or contexts.For example，the thumbs-up kineme signifies a
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