【26版同步英语人教版学习笔记选择性必修一Unit 1同题异文群文阅读

A

(选自外研版选择性必修第一册 Unit 5)

A Journey of Discovery

The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”．The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.What’s more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”．Despite all this，his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.

The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals.He left England on the ship，the Beagle，in 1831.The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments.After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.As he studied these，he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist?

At that time，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time，and had not changed since.But Darwin began to think differently.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments? It was just an idea，but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.

When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most.Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.

Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before.Over time，it had slowly evolved into many new species.And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors.

It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution.Darwin explained this theory in his book，OntheOriginofSpecies.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.Many people refused to believe that living things，including humans，had evolved from lower forms of life.They were shocked.But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.

Today，OntheOriginofSpecies is regarded as one of the most important works ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.

1．What can we learn about Charles Darwin from the passage?

A．Charles Darwin was not an excellent graduate from the medical school.

B．Charles Darwin was well received by the captain.

C．All his achievements began with the journey on the Beagle.

D．Charles Darwin explained his theory immediately he came back.

2．What was the common belief at that time?

A．All species had appeared on Earth at different times.

B．All species had not changed since they appeared.

C．Some species of animals were the same.

D．Animals adapted to the changing environment gradually.

3．What interested Charles Darwin most in 1835 on the island?

A．Plants.B．Dogs.C．New species.D．Birds.

4．What is the text mainly about?

A．Darwin’s interest in various things made him a great naturalist.

B．Darwin’s journey on the Beagle inspired his theory of evolution.

C．Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.

D．Why Darwin was chosen to go on a journey with the captain of the Beagle.

B

(选自北师大版选择性必修第一册 Unit 1)

My Teacher

I haven’t seen Mr Jenkins since I left school，but I often think about him.I wasn’t very good at most school subjects before I met Mr Jenkins.I suppose I was a bit lazy，especially in maths.The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees! But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins’ class，I really became interested in a subject for the first time.

Before Mr Jenkins taught me，science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me.I had no idea what hydrogen was，and I didn’t really want to know，either! I found it all so boring and difficult.But Mr Jenkins made everything interesting.He used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language.One day，he took us outside，and we built a rocket! I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket，and then another student lit a match to set it off.It was great fun.

I know that I wasn’t a willing student，but I wasn’t slow to learn new things.The problem was that I lacked confidence in myself.Mr Jenkins made me feel that I had my own strengths.I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a presentation to the class.That was really the first time I tried to explain science to an audience and now it’s my job! Often when I’m preparing a programme，I think about how Mr Jenkins would have done it.Sometimes I think，if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! 

Graham Lawrence，a science writer

My Student

I’ve read a couple of Graham’s books and seen him on TV.I always say to my wife，“Oh look，I used to teach him！” I remember Graham was very difficult before he came into my class.I had heard stories about his bad behaviour.Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage！But when he got interested，he changed.The first day he walked into my class，he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored，but as soon as I set up an experiment to show how the human stomach works using acid and an onion，he gave me his full attention.He loved science! He was very bright and he had done very well in science subjects.

However，I have not done as well with all my students as I have with Graham.I think it’s important to understand that there’s no such thing as a good or a bad student.Look at Graham! Everyone is good at something and it’s important to find out what that is for each student.We teachers should have more time to make friends with all our students and really understand them.Then we could make sure that we would find the path to success，both at school and in later life，for all of them.

I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do.The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult，then I know what I’m doing is worthwhile.As John Dewey，the famous educationalist，said，“Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.”

Brian Jenkins，a science teacher at Overton School

1．What can we know about Mr Jenkins?

A．He was an excellent English teacher.

B．He was a bad teacher with a little laziness.

C．He would explain hard things with practical examples.

D．He would force students to give presentations to the class.

2．What did Graham look like when Mr Jenkins met him for the first time?

A．Bored.B．Brave.C．Lazy.D．Bright.

3．What did Mr Jenkins regret by the example of Graham?

A．He didn’t create a strong bond with all students.

B．He didn’t give equal opportunities to each student.

C．He didn’t motivate his students to discuss in class freely.

D．He didn’t encourage his students to build their confidence.

4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Teaching is a job with challenges and success.

B．Teaching is to prepare students for their future life.

C．Teachers should have great effects on their students.

D．Teachers should strengthen their communication with students.

C

(本文节选自：TheAtlantic《大西洋月刊》)

We’ve all heard of the five tastes our tongues can detect—sweet，sour，bitter，savory-umami，and salty.But the real number is actually six，because we have two separate salt-taste systems.One of them detects the attractive，relatively low levels of salt that make potato chips taste delicious.The other registers high levels of salt—enough to make overly salted food taste offensive.

Exactly how our taste buds sense the two kinds of saltiness is a mystery that’s taken some 40 years of scientific inquiry to unravel，and researchers haven’t deciphered all of the details yet.In fact，the more they look at salt sensation，the stranger it gets.In the case of salt，scientists understand many details about the low-salt receptor，but a complete description of the high-salt receptor has lagged，as has an understanding of which taste-bud cells host each detector.

Our dual perception of saltiness helps us walk a tightrope between the two faces of sodium，an element that’s crucial for the function of muscles and nerves but dangerous in high quantities.To tightly control salt levels，the body manages the amount of sodium it lets out in urine，and controls how much comes in through the mouth.

But some salt is necessary for body systems，for example to transmit electrical signals that underlie thoughts and sensations.Consequences of too little salt include muscle cramps and nausea—that’s why athletes chug Gatorade to replace the salt lost in sweat—and，if enough time passes，death.

Forty years into investigations of salt taste，researchers are still left with questions about how people’s tongues perceive salt，and how the brain sorts those sensations into “just right” versus “too much” amounts.At stake is more than just satisfying a scientific curiosity: Given the cardiovascular risks that a high-salt diet

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