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【读书笔记】PURG means ＂to clean or cleanse＂

2026-04-28 04:53:50

想养生，先养脑；想排毒，别犯虎。

“辟谷养生”四个字，听起来是不是特仙风道骨？仿佛只要饿上几天，体内的毒素就会像见了猫的老鼠一样四散奔逃,“净化purge”后便能羽化而登仙？人类对“清理身体”这件事，有着近乎偏执的热爱。中世纪欧洲，无论感冒或是心情不好，都会来一剂泻药，仿佛肠道就是个下水道，需要隔三差五捅一捅。而道家的辟谷，原本是高阶玩家闭关修炼的“王者操作”，讲究“食气”而非“绝食”，结果传到现代，愣是被简化成了“啥也不吃”。

2025年，一位70岁的大爷，堪称“硬核养生派”掌门人。他连续辟谷7天，粮食一粒没沾。结果第七天，大爷突然高烧不退，直接被120送进了ICU。医生一查，好家伙，肠道里的细菌一看主人都不喂食了，干脆“揭竿而起”，突破肠壁屏障，上演了一出“细菌大逃亡”——医学上叫“肠道细菌移位入血”，最终导致脓毒血症。大爷在ICU里被抢救了10天，花了十几万，终于从鬼门关爬了回来。他躺在病床上虚弱地说：“我就是想排排毒……” 护士小姐姐忍不住回了一句：“您这排的不是毒，是命啊！”

另一个案例更让人心惊。一位年轻姑娘，为了在夏天穿上小裙子，硬是搞了20天极端辟谷。结果肠道黏膜被饿得“皮开肉绽”，屏障功能彻底崩溃，细菌像逛菜市场一样大摇大摆进入血液，引发了败血症和严重的低钾血症。她整个人瘫软如泥，心率只剩40。医生问她：“你饿的时候不难受吗？” 她虚弱地回答：“难受，但我觉得那是‘好转反应’……” 本想来一场灵魂与身体的purge净化，结果却一头扎进了purgatory炼狱。而且，这不是但丁笔下有希望的那种炼狱——至少人家炼完还能上天堂。您这炼完直接进ICU，账单上的数字可比天堂的阶梯高多了。

那么，科学的辟谷到底存不存在？当然存在。2025年4 月 10日，由中山大学附属第七医院联合全国 23 家三甲医院共同发布了国内首部《中医禁食疗法专家共识》，人家可是正经八百的“科学辟谷”——叫“中医禁食疗法”。它要求在专业监护下，每天保证3到5升水摄入，配合中药调节，还得实时监测心电。而且人家明确说了，适应症只有肥胖、2型糖尿病等12种病，绝对不是让您随便饿肚子。

现代生物学还给这种“净化”找到了高级解释——自噬。说白了，就是细胞自己搞卫生，把那些老化的、坏掉的蛋白质和线粒体“吃掉”，腾出空间给新零件。2016年，日本科学家大隅良典因为研究自噬拿了诺贝尔奖。您要是真想知道啥叫“细胞级purge”，不妨去读读他的论文，而不是自己在家玩命饿肚子。

老祖宗早就告诉我们一个更高级的智慧——节制temperance。孔子说“过犹不及”，老子说“知足不辱”。真正的养生，从来不是极端的expurgate删除一切，而是温和地调和。您可以试试“轻断食”——比如每周选两天吃少点，其他时候正常吃饭，这叫“5+2”模式。或者“限时进食”——把一天的饭集中在8小时内吃完，剩下16小时让肠胃放个假。这些方法既有科学证据支持，又不用把自己送进急诊室。该吃吃、该动动，这才是通往健康最靠谱的“捷径”。

读书笔记：

PURG comes from the Latin verb purgare, "to clean or cleanse".

During the 1930s, Stalin purged the Soviet communist party of thousands of members who he suspected of disloyalty.

purge v. [VN]1.(~ sth of sb | ~ sb from sth) to remove people from an organization, often violently, because their opinions or activities are unacceptable to the people in power. 清除，清洗（组织中的异己分子）。SYN.flush, scour2.(~ yourself/sb/sth of sth | ~ sth from sth)(formal) to make yourself/sb/sth pure, healthy or clean by getting rid of bad thoughts or feelings. 净化(心灵、风气等)，涤荡(污秽)。SYN.purify, sanctify

n. the act of removing people, often violently, from an organization because their views are unacceptable to the people who have power.(对异己的)清洗，清除，排除。SYN. purging, purgation, remove impure elements

In some cultures, a ritual bath or prayer is performed to purge guilt or evil spirits. 在某些文化中，人们会进行仪式性的沐浴或祈祷，以洗清罪行或驱除邪灵。

The Minoans of ancient Crete may have used human sacrifice as a way of purging the entire community, which is fine for the community but rough on the victims. 古克里特岛的米诺斯人可能使用人祭作为净化整个社群的方式，这对社群来说是好事，但对受害者来说则残酷无情。

In many cultures, people periodically purge themselves physically - that is, clean out their digestive tracts - by taking strong laxatives; this used to be a popular springtime ritual, and herbalpurgatives were readily available. 在许多文化中，人们会定期通过服用强效泻药来从身体上净化自己——即清理消化道；这曾经是一种流行的春季仪式，植物性泻药随处可得。

In those years, high-school English classes only used expurgated editions of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.

expurgate v. [VN] [usually passive] (formal) to remove or leave out parts of a piece of writing or a conversation when printing or reporting it, because you think those parts could offend people. 删除…中的不当之处，略去…中的不雅之处。SYN. bowdlerize, bowdlerise, castrate, shorten, remove offensive material

Expurgation has a long and questionable history. 删节有着漫长且备受争议的历史。

Perhaps history's most famous expurgator, or censor, was the English editor Thomas Bowdler, who in 1818 published the Family Shakespeare,an expurgated edition of Shakespeare's plays that omitted or changed any passages that, in Bowdler's opinion, couldn't decently be read aloud in a family. As a result, the term bowdlerize is now a synonym of expurgate. 历史上最著名的删节者(或审查者)或许是英国编辑托马斯·鲍德勒，他于1818年出版了《家庭莎士比亚》，这是一部删节版的莎士比亚戏剧集，删改了他认为不适合在家庭中大声朗读的任何段落。因此，bowdlerize(鲍德勒式删改)一词现在成了expurgate的同义词。

I'm afraid my ten-year-old discovered the purgative effect of too many apples after a lazy afternoon in the orchard.

purgative n. 1.Cleansing or purifying, especially from sin. 净化。SYN. purifying 2.a substance, especially a medicine, that causes your bowels to empty. 泻药，通便药物。SYN. cathartic, physic, aperient

a. strongly laxative. 净化的，清洗的，通便的。SYN.cathartic, evacuant

Purgative can be used as a noun as well as an adjective. Purgative既可作形容词，也可作名词。

For centuries, doctors prescribed purgatives - that is, laxatives - for all kinds of ailments, not knowing anything better to do. 几个世纪以来，医生对许多疾病都开泻药，因为他们不知道还有什么更好的办法。

Physical cleansing has always reminded people of emotional and spiritual cleansing, as expressed in the saying "Cleanliness is next to godliness." So we may say, for example,that confession has a purgative effect on the soul. 身体上的清洁总让人联想到情感和精神上的净化，正如谚语"清洁近乎虔诚"所表达的那样。因此，我们可能会说，忏悔对灵魂有净化作用。

Some psychologists used to claim that expressing your anger is purgative; but in fact it may generally be no better for your emotional life than taking a laxative, and can sometimes really foul things up. 一些心理学家曾声称，表达愤怒具有净化作用；但事实上，这对你的情感生活可能并不比服用泻药好多少，有时甚至会把事情搞得一团糟。

For both of them, filled with anxiety, the long, sleepless night felt like purgatory.

purgatory n.[U]1.(usually Purgatory)(in Roman Catholic doctrine/ teaching 罗马天主教教义) a place or state in which the souls of dead people suffer for the bad things they did when they were living, so that they can become pure enough to go to heaven.炼狱。SYN.hell 2.(informal, humorous)any place or state of suffering. 受难的处所（或状态），惩戒所，折磨，磨难。SYN.place of misery

Purgatory is the place where the soul is cleansed of all impurities, as Dante described in his great poem The Divine Comedy. 炼狱是灵魂净化一切杂质的地方，正如但丁在其伟大诗篇《神曲》中所描述的那样。

Today purgatory can refer to any place or situation in which suffering and misery are felt to be sharp but temporary. 如今，它可以指任何让人感觉痛苦和悲惨但只是暂时的场所或境况。

Waiting to hear the results of a test, or whether you got a good job, can be a purgatory. 等待考试结果的过程或是一种折磨，你能否得到一份好工作的过程也是。