Lesson 23 Bird flight
课文：
8.No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen.
·句子类型：并列复合句（分号 + but 连接三个简单句）
·核心结构：主语 1 + 谓语 1 + 宾语 1；主语 2 + 系动词 + 表语；主语 3 + 情态动词被动谓语
·语法要点：① No two sorts of 表全部否定；②分号表并列停顿，but 表转折；③被动语态 may be seen 表 “被看作”。
·释义：没有任何两种鸟的飞行方式是相同的，飞行方式千差万别，但大体上可分为两类。
9.Any ship that crosses the Pacific is accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, which may keep company with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement of wing.
·句子类型：复合句（定语从句 + 非限制性定语从句）
·核心结构：主句 (Any ship…is accompanied)+ 定语从句 (that…)+ 非限制性定语从句 (which…)
·语法要点：① that 引导定语从句修饰 ship；②被动 be accompanied by “被陪伴”；③ keep company with 固定搭配；④ without 短语作伴随状语。
·释义：任何一艘横渡太平洋的轮船，都会有一种小信天翁伴随飞行很多天，它们随船飞行一小时也难得见其扇动一下翅膀。
10.The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in the line of its course, are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress.
·句子类型：复合句（定语从句 + 简单句）
·核心结构：主语 (The currents of air)+ 定语从句 (that…)+ 系动词 (are)+ 表语 (enough)+ 不定式
·语法要点：① that 引导定语从句修饰 currents；② as well as 连接并列状语；③ enough to do “足以做某事”；④ give sb sth 双宾语结构。
·释义：沿船体上升的气流以及沿航线向前的气流，给这种巨翼大鸟以足够的浮力和推力。
11.The albatross is the king of the gliders, the class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose, but must yield to its opposition.
·句子类型：复合句（同位语 + 定语从句）
·核心结构：主句 (The albatross is…)+ 同位语 (the class…)+ 定语从句 (which…)
·语法要点：① the class…是 gliders 的同位语；② which 引导定语从句；③ harness 与 yield 为并列谓语；④ yield to “顺从”。
·释义：信天翁是滑翔飞行的鸟类之王，它们能自如地驾驭空气，但必须顺气流飞行。
12.In the contrary school, the duck is supreme.
·句子类型：简单句（主系表）
·核心结构：状语 + 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
·语法要点：① school 此处为 “种类、流派”；② contrary “相反的”；③ supreme “最优秀的”。
·释义：与滑翔鸟类相对的另一类鸟中，数野鸭的本领最高。
13.It comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air, as he boasts.
·句子类型：复合句（定语从句 + 方式状语从句）
·核心结构：主句 (It comes nearer to…)+ 定语从句 (with which…)+ 方式状语从句 (as…)
·语法要点：① with which 引导定语从句修饰 engines；② conquer the air “征服天空”；③ as 引导方式状语 “正如”。
·释义：它更近乎于人类自夸 “征服” 了空气的发动机。
14.Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with steel-like muscles, that are a good part of the weight of the bird, and these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows.
·句子类型：并列复合句（定语从句 + 结果状语从句）
·核心结构：主语 + 被动谓语 + 宾语；定语从句；主语 + 谓语 + 结果状语从句
·语法要点：① be endowed with “天生具有”；② that 引导定语从句修饰 muscles；③ such…that…结果状语；④ before 引导时间状语。
·释义：野鸭及与它们相似的飞鸽有天赐的钢铁般的肌肉，占了体重的很大一部分，这些肌肉以巨大的力量扇动短小的翅膀，使这类鸟能顶着大风飞行很远的路程才会疲劳。
15.Their humbler followers, such as partridges, have a like power of strong propulsion, but soon tire.
·句子类型：并列简单句
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 1 + 宾语 + but + 谓语 2
·语法要点：① humbler “较次等的”；② like 此处为形容词 “相似的”；③ tire 为不及物动词 “疲劳”。
·释义：次于野鸭和鸽子的鸟如鹧鸪，有相似的巨大推动力，但很快会疲劳。
16.You may pick them up in utter exhaustion, if wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey.
·句子类型：复合句（条件状语从句）
·核心结构：主句 + if 条件状语从句
·语法要点：① pick up “捡起”；② in utter exhaustion “筋疲力尽”；③从句现在完成时强调结果。
·释义：你可以捡到一些因筋疲力尽而摔下来的鹧鸪，如果海风驱使它们飞行很长距离的话。
17.The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure.
·句子类型：简单句（主谓宾）
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语
·语法要点：① share the virtues “兼具优点”；② both schools 指代两类飞行方式；③ in highest measure “最大限度地”。
·释义：燕子充分兼有这两类鸟的长处。
18.It tires not, nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home, feeding its flown young as it flies, and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse.
·句子类型：并列复合句（否定倒装 + 伴随状语 + 多重从句）
·核心结构：否定并列句 + 伴随状语 + 定语从句 + 时间状语从句
·语法要点：① nor 倒装 nor does it boast=and it does not boast；②现在分词作伴随状语；③ that 引导定语从句；④ even when 引导时间状语。
·释义：它既不疲劳，也不炫耀自己的飞翔力，在空中十分自如，可以飞行 6000 英里往返北方筑巢老家，一边飞一边喂养会飞的雏燕，甚至顶风时也能在气流中滑翔，似乎气流在帮它们前进。
19.Such birds do us good, though we no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that; and even the most superstitious villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie and wish it good-morning.
·句子类型：并列复合句（让步状语从句）
·核心结构：主句 + 让步状语从句 + 并列句
·语法要点：① do sb good “对某人有益”；② take omens from “占卜吉凶”；③ take off hats to “脱帽致敬”。
·释义：这些鸟对我们是有益的，虽然我们不再从它们的飞翔姿态来占卜吉凶，连最迷信的村民也不再对喜鹊脱帽行礼，祝它早安了。
词汇：
一、核心词汇
1.flight /flaɪt/n. 飞行；飞翔
课文搭配：bird flight 鸟类飞行
拓展：in flight 在飞行中
2.variety /vəˈraɪəti/n. 种类；多样
课文搭配：the varieties are infinite 种类千差万别
派生词：various adj. 各种各样的
3.roughly /ˈrʌfli/adv. 大致地；粗略地
课文搭配：may be roughly seen 大体可被分为
4.accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/v. 陪伴；伴随
课文搭配：be accompanied by… 被…… 陪伴
派生词：accompanying adj. 伴随的
5.vessel /ˈvesl/n. 船；舰；容器
课文搭配：keep company with the vessel 随船飞行
6.occasional /əˈkeɪʒənl/adj. 偶尔的
课文搭配：occasional movement of wing 偶尔扇动翅膀
派生词：occasionally adv. 偶尔地
7.current /ˈkʌrənt/n. 气流；电流；潮流
课文搭配：currents of air 气流
8.immense /ɪˈmens/adj. 巨大的；广大的
课文搭配：immense wings 巨大的翅膀
9.sustenance /ˈsʌstənəns/n. 支撑力；浮力；营养
课文搭配：sufficient sustenance 足够的浮力
10.glider /ˈɡlaɪdə(r)/n. 滑翔鸟；滑翔机
课文搭配：the king of the gliders 滑翔鸟类之王
派生词：glide v. 滑翔
11.harness /ˈhɑːnɪs/v. 利用；驾驭
课文搭配：harness the air 驾驭空气
12.yield /jiːld/v. 屈服；顺从
课文搭配：yield to its opposition 顺从气流阻力
13.supreme /suːˈpriːm/adj. 最高的；极佳的
课文搭配：the duck is supreme 野鸭本领最高
14.conquer /ˈkɒŋkə(r)/v. 征服；攻克
课文搭配：conquer the air 征服天空
15.endow /ɪnˈdaʊ/v. 赋予；天生具有
课文搭配：be endowed with 被赋予；天生有
16.irresistible /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbl/adj. 无法抗拒的；强大的
课文搭配：irresistible power 强大的力量
17.propulsion /prəˈpʌlʃn/n. 推进力
课文搭配：strong propulsion 强劲的推进力
18.exhaustion /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/n. 筋疲力尽
课文搭配：in utter exhaustion 完全筋疲力尽
派生词：exhausted adj. 疲惫的
19.virtue /ˈvɜːtʃuː/n. 优点；长处
课文搭配：share the virtues 兼具优点
20.adverse /ˈædvɜːs/adj. 不利的；逆向的
课文搭配：adverse wind 逆风
21.omen /ˈəʊmən/n. 预兆；征兆
课文搭配：take omens from… 从…… 占卜吉凶
22.superstitious /ˌsuːpəˈstɪʃəs/adj. 迷信的
课文搭配：superstitious villagers 迷信的村民
派生词：superstition n. 迷信
二、高级固定搭配
1.keep company with
l含义：陪伴；与…… 同行
l课文：keep company with the vessel 随船飞行
l例句：The bird kept company with the ship for hours.
2.as well as
l含义：以及；和
l课文：currents upwards as well as in its course 向上及向前的气流
3.enough to do
l含义：足以做某事
l课文：are enough to give… 足以提供……
4.yield to
l含义：屈服于；顺从
l课文：yield to its opposition 顺从气流
5.be endowed with
l含义：天生具有；被赋予
l课文：are endowed with steel-like muscles 天生有钢铁般的肌肉
6.such…that…
l含义：如此…… 以至于……
l课文：with such power that they can bore… 力量如此强劲以至于能……
7.bore through
l含义：奋力穿过；钻过
l课文：bore through an opposing gale 顶着大风飞行
8.to and from
l含义：往返
l课文：to and from its nesting home 往返筑巢地
9.do sb good
l含义：对某人有益
l课文：Such birds do us good 这些鸟对我们有益
10.take off hats to sb
l含义：向某人脱帽致敬
l课文：take off their hats to the magpie 向喜鹊脱帽行礼
三、拓展高频搭配
（1）飞行与鸟类相关
·bird flight 鸟类飞行
·movement of wing 翅膀扇动
·immense wings 巨大的翅膀
·steel-like muscles 钢铁般的肌肉
·short wings 短小的翅膀
·strong propulsion 强劲的推进力
·nesting home 筑巢地
·flown young 会飞的雏鸟
（2）气流与动力相关
·currents of air 气流
·opposing gale 逆风
·adverse wind 逆风
·sufficient sustenance 足够的支撑力 / 浮力
·harness the air 驾驭气流
（3）状态与程度相关
·the varieties are infinite 种类千差万别
·in highest measure 最大限度地
·in utter exhaustion 完全筋疲力尽
·soon tire 很快疲劳
·nor does it boast 也不炫耀
（4）文化与行为相关
·take omens from… 从…… 占卜吉凶
·superstitious villagers 迷信的村民
·wish it good-morning祝它早安
句型：
句式 1（分类描述万能句）
原句：No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen.
句型：No two sorts of … practise quite the same …; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen.
替换：把鸟类 / 飞行换成任何事物（习惯、方式、风格、模式）
作文示例：No two sorts of students practise quite the same sort of learning method; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen.
翻译：没有任何两名学生的学习方法完全相同，方法多种多样，但大致可分为两类。
句式 2（“足以做某事” 高分句）
原句：The currents of air are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress.
句型：… are enough to give … sufficient … and ….
替换：气流→条件 / 资源；大鸟→人 / 群体；浮力→支持 / 动力
作文示例：Enough practice is enough to give learners sufficient confidence and progress.
翻译：足够的练习足以给学习者充足的信心与进步。
句式 3（“天生具有” 亮点句）
原句：Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with steel-like muscles that are a good part of the weight of the bird.
句型：…, and like them …, are endowed with … that ….
替换：动物→人 / 职业；肌肉→天赋 / 能力 / 品质
作文示例：Teachers, and like them tutors, are endowed with strong patience that is a key part of their work.
翻译：教师以及类似的辅导者，天生拥有极强的耐心，这是他们工作的关键部分。
句式 4（“如此… 以至于…” 高级句）
原句：These muscles ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows.
句型：… with such … that … can … before ….
替换：肌肉→能力 / 努力；力量→强度；逆风→困难 / 压力
作文示例：He works with such strong determination that he can keep studying for hours before tiredness follows.
翻译：他学习的决心如此坚定，以至于能连续学习数小时才感到疲惫。
句式 5（“兼具优点” 升华句）
原句：The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure.
句型：… shares the virtues of both … in highest measure.
替换：燕子→人 / 事物；两类飞行→两种品质 / 方式 / 风格
作文示例：This plan shares the virtues of both efficiency and safety in highest measure.
翻译：这个方案最大限度地兼具效率与安全两大优点。
