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学习笔记--人工智能概览

  • 2026-03-31 16:33:13
学习笔记--人工智能概览
总体维度：
技术实现：软件，硬件；能力层级（人类智慧）：评估智慧水平；工程应用：工程实现及应用场景；伦理法律：AI向上向善的约束边界；发展趋势。
技术实现的软件：
  • 算法：智能大脑
符号主义：靠预设逻辑规则推理，适合确定性场景，早期专家系统。难以处理模糊问题。
连接主义：目前主流，以神经网络为核心，通过海量数据让模型学习获得，比如：大语言模型，图像识别，视频生成。
行为主义：在与环境互动中，强化学习试错优化策略，比如：机器人控制。
  • 数据：智能大脑的燃料
数据的规模，质量，多样性，喂数据，算法运转。
  • 架构模型：
深度学习的基础架构，经典模型：卷积神经网络CNN，图像和视频处理（人脸识别）
统治现状的架构：大语言模型Transformer架构（ChatGPT使用）,对话和智能助理
生成式AI的底层架构,在Transformer基础上，生成图像，音视频： Diffusion models/GAN 等
新探索, MoE混合专家模型，代表：GPT-4. 状态空间模型（Mamba）,试图突破在推理效率和上下文长度上的局限。
  • 训练范式：如何教会模型（将原始架构转化为智能实体的过程）
预训练：在海量数据上自学，掌握通用知识
微调对齐
推理增强
技术实现的硬件：
  • 算力：智能的引擎
芯片，GPU为主
互联与存储，集群与能耗，成千上万卡的并行计算，成本与能耗是瓶颈。
软件栈与编译：连接上层模型和底层硬件的桥梁。高效调用芯片算力
下篇尝试讲下，软件硬件是怎么协调工作的，通过两个应用场景:AI智能助手/机器人控制来举例
本文来自网友投稿或网络内容，如有侵犯您的权益请联系我们删除，联系邮箱：wyl860211@qq.com 。

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000599s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=no_67808;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000701s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000319s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000262s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000479s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000190s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000592s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 479054 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000374s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1774993338 WHERE `id` = 479054 [ RunTime:0.016573s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000310s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 479054 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000478s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 479054 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001065s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 479054 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.001421s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 479054 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.000818s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 479054 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.009978s ]
0.134463s