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区块链学习笔记(10)[ ETH-挖矿算法 ]

  • 2026-02-03 12:51:23
区块链学习笔记(10)[ ETH-挖矿算法 ]
所有基于工作量证明（PoW）的区块链，挖矿是保障区块链安全的重要手段！
比如，比特币中的挖矿算法就比较成功，经过了时间的验证，至今没出什么大问题。只是有一个争议：既然比特币是去中心化的，为何挖矿设备是专业化的（即ASIC芯片），不让普通人参与，这样不符合去中心化的理念。
毕竟比特币曾经宣传的是：one CPU，one vote。
于是，包括以太坊在内的其他加密货币在设计挖矿算法时，要尽量做到对抗ASIC芯片（ASIC resistance）。
对抗ASIC芯片的一个办法是挖矿算法设计要增加对内存的使用需求，因为ASIC芯片擅长计算却没多大内存。
于是莱特币（LiteCoin，LTC）出现了，凭借其宣传的ASIC resistance迅速获得了追捧，帮它解决了冷启动的问题。
加密货币的冷启动是个大问题，首先得有人用，有人挖，矿工越多才能保证加密货币越安全，越安全才会有更多人用，有更多人用价格才会涨上去。莱特币也凭此，一度市值达到仅次于比特币的地位。
言归正传，莱特币使用scrypt挖矿算法，增加了对内存的需求。但是，它为了照顾轻节点的内存压力，内存需求仅128K，因此并没有实现对抗ASIC芯片的宣传效果。
莱特币与比特币的区别仅仅是挖矿算法和出块时间（莱特币2.5分钟），其他方面几乎和比特币一样。我个人觉得，对投资者来说，有一个比特币就够了，干嘛要两个比特币呢？
以太坊的挖矿算法采用了ETHASH挖矿算法，采用两个数据集，分别是16M的cache和1G的dataset，具体算法比较复杂，这里就不写了。总之，当时以太坊以GPU挖矿为主，效果比莱特币要成功。
并且以太坊从很早就开始准备要从工作量证明（PoW）切换到权益证明（PoS），这也在一定程度上遏制了针对以太坊挖矿的ASIC芯片的出现。当然，我们现在知道以太坊已经切换到了权益证明，不再需要挖矿，这部分内容后面再写。
不过，也有另一种声音认为，使用ASIC芯片挖矿可以大幅提高加密货币被攻击的成本。比如，你要想攻击比特币，你就要采购大量只能用于比特币的ASIC芯片，这要花掉巨额资本，然而一旦攻击成功，会导致比特币安全性下降，这会带来价格下跌，你手里的ASIC芯片也就更不值钱了。
看来，加密货币想要获得共识，还是任重道远。
最后来看一下，2018年以太坊数据：
可以看出，以太坊总量中，大部分都是pre-mining的以太币，也就是说早期开发者囤积的占比很大。
最大的25个矿池算力占比
以太坊的价格，18年到过1300美元左右，今天的价格才2350美元。
本文来自网友投稿或网络内容，如有侵犯您的权益请联系我们删除，联系邮箱：wyl860211@qq.com 。

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  136. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/no.67808.cn/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  137. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/no.67808.cn/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
  138. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/no.67808.cn/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  139. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/no.67808.cn/runtime/temp/6df755f970a38e704c5414acbc6e8bcd.php ( 12.06 KB )
  140. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/no.67808.cn/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000530s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=no_67808;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000849s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000720s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.001069s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000492s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000190s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000775s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 465149 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000947s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1770219842 WHERE `id` = 465149 [ RunTime:0.011171s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000252s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 465149 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000426s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 465149 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.011147s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 465149 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000938s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 465149 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.008363s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 465149 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.006018s ]
0.148700s