《组织社会心理学》学习笔记 035

原文：The concept of ten o'clock research also provides a good excuse to examine other tabooed issues in science. For example, Ravetz, a historian of science, argues that the social sciences may be misplacing their energies by trying to ape the natural sciences. This theme, which is common enough, becomes more interesting when Ravetz then asserts that the so-called facts of social science may be of a different form than those facts associated with mature mathematical and experimental sciences. Rather than being simple, impersonal, elementary, and indubitable assertions, Ravetz feels that the typical product of a social scientist will more likely be aphorisms: "an expression of a deep personal understanding of its objects in a condensed and communicable form" (1971, p. 375) (e.g., "Everybody wants to be somebody; nobody wants to grow," or "What we do not understand we do not possess”).

参考译文：“十点钟研究”这一概念，也为我们重新审视科学中其他一些被视为禁忌的问题提供了一个很好的理由。例如，科学史学家拉维茨认为，社会科学或许正在错误地配置自身的研究精力，因为它试图模仿自然科学。这一主题本身并不新鲜，但拉维茨随后进一步指出：所谓社会科学中的“事实”，其形态可能与成熟的数学科学和实验科学中的事实 fundamentally 不同，这一点使问题变得更加有趣。在拉维茨看来，社会科学中的“事实”并不是那种简单的、非人格化的、基础性的、且不容置疑的陈述；相反，一个社会科学家更典型的产出，很可能是某种“箴言式表达”：“一种将研究者对对象的深刻个人理解，以凝练且可传播形式表达出来的话语。”例如：“每个人都想成为某种人物，却没有人愿意成长。”或“凡是我们无法理解的东西，我们便无法真正拥有。”

原文：The idea that aphorisms could be bearers of knowledge has distinguished roots, including some of Francis Bacon's early writings:

参考译文：认为“箴言”能够承载知识这一观念，具有悠久而深厚的思想渊源，其中包括弗朗西斯·培根的一些早期论述：

原文：But the writing in Aphorisms hath many excellent virtues, whereto the writing in method [science] doth not approach. For first, it trieth the writer, whether he be superficial or solid; for Aphorisms, except they should be ridiculous, cannot be made but of the pith and heart of sciences; for discourse of illustration is cut off; recitals of examples are cut off; discourse of connection and order is cut off; descriptions of practice are cut off; so there remaineth nothing to fill the Aphorisms but some good quantity of observation; and therefore no man can suffice, nor in reason will attempt, to write Aphorisms, but he that is sound and grounded (cited in Stern 1963, р. 105).

参考译文：以箴言形式写作，具有许多卓越的优点，是系统化的方法性写作（即科学式写作）所难以企及的。首先，它能够检验作者究竟是浮浅，还是扎实。因为箴言若不想沦为荒谬，就只能取材于科学最精髓、最核心的部分。在箴言中，铺陈性的阐释被删去；例证性的叙述被删去；逻辑关联与结构秩序的讨论被删去；实践过程的描述也被删去。如此一来，能够充实箴言的，便只剩下相当分量的观察所得。因此，唯有那些真正根基深厚、学识稳固的人，才足以——并且理性上也才会尝试以箴言方式写作。