博鳌亚洲论坛 可持续发展的亚洲与世界
2026 年度报告
世界大变革下的亚洲可持续发展
概要
Boao Forum for Asia Sustainable Development: Asia and the World Annual Report 2026 Sustainable Development in Asia amid Global Transformation Summary
执行概要
Executive Summary
PART1
当今世界处在国际力量对比深刻变化、科技创新深入发展、世界经济转型加速演进的大变革时代，对国际发展合作特别是亚洲可持续发展进程产生了多领域、深层次、互动式的深远影响。多边主义和以联合国为核心的全球治理机制受到广泛冲击，开放的区域主义正成为亚洲国家的共同回应，区域合作与经济一体化不断走深走实，经济转型在数字化与绿色化双轮驱动下加速，可持续发展理念更加深入人心，“亚洲世纪”正在真正到来。
The world today is in an era of profound transformation, marked by significant shifts in the balance of international forces, in-depth advancement of scientific and technological innovation, and accelerated evolution of global economic transition. These changes have exerted multi-dimensional, far-reaching, and interactive impacts on international development cooperation, particularly on the process of sustainable development in Asia. Multilateralism and the UN-centered global governance system have come under extensive challenges, while open regionalism is emerging as the common response of Asian countries. Regional cooperation and economic integration continue to deepen and take solid shape. Economic transformation is accelerated by the dual engines of digitalization and decarbonization, the vision of sustainable development has taken deeper root among the people, and the "Asian Century" is truly dawning.
亚洲落实可持续发展目标的进展与挑战
Progress and Challenges in Asia's Implementation of the SDGs
在域内各经济体共同努力下，亚洲落实可持续发展目标（SDGs）的整体进展在全球处于相对较好水平，但内部差异显著。总体上，基础性目标进展较快，结构性目标相对滞后。17 项联合国 2030 年可持续发展目标中，亚太地区有 10项进展超过其他区域平均水平，减贫、工业创新、基础设施等经济增长类指标取得重大进展，但高质量就业、性别平等、优质教育等目标进展相对缓慢，凸显亚洲在提高发展质量、促进社会公平方面面临长期复杂的结构性挑战。气候行动目标出现倒退，亟需系统的经济结构转型。
Through the joint efforts of economies in the region, Asia's overall progress in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is relatively strong globally, but significant internal disparities persist. In general, progress has been faster on foundational goals, while structural goals have lagged behind. Among the 17 UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, the Asia-Pacific region outperforms the global average on 10 goals. Marked progress has been achieved in economic growth-related indicators, with outstanding performance in poverty reduction, industrial innovation, infrastructure compared to other regions. However, progress on goals such as high-quality employment, gender equality, and quality education remains relatively slow, highlighting the long-term and complex structural challenges Asia faces in improving development quality and promoting social equity. The Climate Action goal has experienced setbacks, urgently requiring systemic economic restructuring.
亚洲落实可持续发展目标的差异主要体现了国家和地区实力、发展阶段和资源禀赋的不同。在大变革大转型的时代背景下，以下四大挑战在亚洲具有较强普遍性和代表性：一是气候危机、地缘政治等外部因素叠加影响，正在同时对亚洲可持续发展进程带来相互交织的负面冲击，并在可预见的未来一段时期仍将持续。二是人口快速老龄化与城市化加速叠加，又缺乏完善的社会保障体系，为可持续发展埋下隐忧。三是内部发展鸿沟削弱公平正义。四是发展融资渐趋恶化，传统融资模式日益难以为继。
Disparities in Asia's SDGs implementation mainly reflect differences in national and regional capabilities, development stages, and resource endowments. Against the backdrop of profound transformation and transition, the following four challenges are highly prevalent and representative in Asia:
First, the interplay and compounding impact of external factors such as the climate crisis and geopolitical tensions have imposed intertwined negative shocks on Asia's sustainable development process, which will persist in the foreseeable future. Second, the confluence of rapid population aging and accelerated urbanization, coupled with an inadequate social security system, has created hidden risks for sustainable development. Third, internal development gaps have undermined fairness and justice. Fourth, development financing has been deteriorating, and traditional financing models are becoming increasingly unsustainable.
亚洲可持续发展面临重要的历史机遇
Significant Historical Opportunities for Asia's Sustainable Development
虽然落实 2030 可持续发展目标困难重重，但亚洲地区在许多领域都具有巨大的发展潜力和充沛的原始积累。在大变革时代背景下，亚洲可持续发展面临以下五大历史机遇，有望实现跨越式发展。
Despite immense challenges in implementing the 2030 SDGs, Asia possesses enormous development potential and substantial accumulated resources in many fields. Against the backdrop of profound global transformation, Asia's sustainable development faces the following five historical opportunities, paving the way for leapfrog development:
一是数字化、绿色化转型为创造新的亚洲奇迹奠定基础。亚洲绿色转型尤其是能源转型日益深化，逐渐成为世界引领力量。中国、印度、东盟、海湾国家因地制宜发展光伏、风电等可再生能源，布局氢能、电网现代化及碳捕集等技术，绿色经济呈现高速增长态势。数字化赋能在深刻改变亚洲经济格局的同时，正与绿色化深度融合，催生系统性变革，以中国“东数西算”为代表的数字基础设施的绿色化协同布局成为重要实践。
1. Digitalization and green transitions laying the foundation for a new "Asian Miracle". Asia's green transition, particularly energy transition, is deepening and positioning the region as a spearheading global force. China, India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, ASEAN, and Gulf countries are developing renewable energy such as solar and wind power in light of local conditions, while also advancing technologies including hydrogen, grid modernization, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), with the green economy showing strong growth momentum. Digital empowerment is profoundly reshaping Asia's economic landscape and integrating deeply with green development to foster systemic transformation. The green and coordinated planning of digital infrastructure, represented by China's "East Data, West Computing (Dongshu Xisuan)" initiative,has become an important practice in this regard.
二是互联互通带来巨大的支撑力量。以中老铁路、中吉乌铁路为代表的跨境交通网络与跨境电网、可再生能源项目等能源基础设施同步推进“硬联通”，形成立体化支撑体系；规则与标准的“软联通”扩展至数字贸易、跨境支付、数据流动、碳市场对接等新兴领域。随着《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP）、“一带一路”倡议等持续扩大影响，亚洲正在逐步构建涵盖贸易便利化、数字货币结算、人工智能合作与区域碳市场互认的机制化网络，为可持续发展进程注入了强劲动力。
2. Connectivity provides a strong underpinning force. Cross-border transport networks represented by the China-Laos Railway and the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway, together with energy infrastructure such as cross-border power grids and renewable energy projects, are advancing "hard connectivity" in tandem and forming a multidimensional support system. "Soft connectivity" of rules and standards has expanded to emerging areas including digital trade, cross-border payments, data flows, and carbon market linkages. With the growing influence of initiatives such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the Belt and Road Initiative, Asia is gradually building an institutionalized network covering trade facilitation, digital currency settlement, artificial intelligence cooperation, and regional carbon market mutual recognition, injecting strong momentum into the sustainable development process.
三是创新融资为解决融资难题开辟了新空间。在官方融资主体持续发挥作用的同时，亚洲各国着力完善公私合作机制，通过法治保障与风险分担吸引长期社会资本，并将环境、社会与治理要求嵌入项目全周期。亚太地区已成为全球绿色、社会、可持续和可持续发展挂钩债券（GSS+）发行的重要力量。
3. Innovative financing opening up new space to address financing challenges. While official financing entities continue to play a role, Asian countries are striving to improve public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms, attract long-term social capital through legal safeguards and risk-sharing, and embed environmental, social, and governance (ESG) requirements throughout the project life-cycle. The Asia-Pacific region has become a key player in the global issuance of Green, Social, Sustainability, and Sustainability-Linked (GSS+) bonds.
四是自然与经济深度融合成为新趋势。基于人与自然和谐共生的传统理念，亚洲日益重视将自然保护纳入经济运行的核心环节，将丰富的生态资产转化为经济动力。一方面，基于自然的解决方案（NbS）被广泛接受，另一方面，“自然即基础设施”的新模式逐步兴起，将生态功能系统融入发展规划，凸显了自然保护与经济发展协同推进的亚洲路径。
4. Deepened integration of nature and economy becoming a new trend. Rooted in the traditional concept of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, Asia is increasingly emphasizing integrating nature conservation into the core of economic operations and converting abundant ecological assets into economic momentum. On the one hand, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have been widely adopted. On the other hand, the new model of "nature as infrastructure" is gradually emerging, integrating ecological functional systems into development planning, highlighting Asia's path of advancing nature conservation and economic development in synergy.
五是开放的区域主义不断走深走实。面对严峻的外部挑战，开放的区域主义成为亚洲国家的共同回应和现实选择。亚洲积极调整国际供应链价值链，以主动开放应对不确定性。绿色产业的区域协作日益紧密，RCEP 生效进一步促进了贸易投资便利化。亚洲合作正逐步迈向规则与标准的系统互通，中国—东盟自贸区 3.0 版、RCEP 与 CPTPP 等机制共同推动亚太向更高水平一体化迈进。
5. Open regionalism continuously deepening and solidifying. Faced with severe external challenges, open regionalism has become a collective response and pragmatic choice of Asian countries. Asia is actively adjusting international supply and value chains, responding to uncertainties through proactive opening-up. Regional cooperation in green industries is becoming increasingly close, and the entry into force of the RCEP has further promoted trade and investment facilitation. Asian cooperation is gradually moving towards systematic alignment of rules and standards, with mechanisms such as the China–ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA)3.0, RCEP, and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) jointly advancing the Asia-Pacific towards higher-level integration.
内容来源：
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