Lesson 29 Funny or not? 是否可笑?
课文原文
Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up.
我们觉得一则笑话是否好笑,很大程度上取决于我们是在哪儿长大的。
The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics.
幽默感与民族特性有着神秘的联系。
A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke.
譬如,法国人可能很难对一则俄罗斯笑话发笑。
In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears.
同样,对于一则能让英国人笑出眼泪的笑话,俄罗斯人可能也看不出有什么好笑的。
Most funny stories are based on comic situations.
多数笑话都是基于喜剧性的场景。
In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.
尽管存在民族差异,但某些滑稽场景具有普遍的吸引力。
No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin’s early films.
比如说,不管你生活在哪里,你都很难不对查理・卓别林的早期电影发笑。
However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from the U.S., has recently come into fashion.
然而,一种主要起源于美国的新式幽默最近开始流行起来。
It is called ‘sick humour’.
它被称为“黑色幽默”(病态幽默)。
Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents.
喜剧演员把笑话建立在暴力死亡或严重事故这类悲剧性的场景上。
Many people find this sort of joke distasteful.
许多人觉得这种笑话令人反感。
The following example of ‘sick humour’ will enable you to judge for yourself.
下面这个“黑色幽默” 的例子可以让你自己判断一下。
A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas.
圣诞节前几周,一个摔断右腿的男人被送进了医院。
From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home.
从他到医院的那一刻起,他就不停地缠着医生,问自己什么时候能回家。
He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital.
他害怕不得不在医院过圣诞节。
Though the doctor did his best, the patient’s recovery was slow.
尽管医生尽了最大努力,但病人恢复得很慢。
On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster.
圣诞节那天,他的右腿还打着石膏。
He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing.
他在床上度过了痛苦的一天,想着自己错过的所有欢乐。
The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good.
然而第二天,医生安慰他说,他很有可能及时出院赶上新年庆祝活动。
The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year’s Eve he was able to hobble along to a party.
男人听了振作起来,果然,新年前夜他能一瘸一拐地去参加派对了。
To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him.
为了补偿在医院的不愉快经历,他喝得有点过量了。
In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals.
在派对上,他玩得非常尽兴,还不停地跟所有人说他有多讨厌医院。
He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
派对快结束时,他还在念叨着医院的事,结果踩到一块冰滑倒,摔断了左腿。
原文分析
1. Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up.
·句子类型:复合句(含主语从句 + 宾语从句)
·核心结构:主语从句(Whether...or not) + 谓语(depends on) + 宾语从句(where...)
·语法要点:
1.Whether we find a joke funny or not是主语从句,在句中作主语,whether...or not表示“是否”,引导名词性从句。
2.find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构:find a joke funny(觉得笑话好笑),funny是形容词作宾补。
3.where we have been brought up是宾语从句,作介词on的宾语,用陈述语序;have been brought up是现在完成时的被动语态,表示“被抚养长大”。
·释义:我们觉得一则笑话是否好笑,很大程度上取决于我们是在哪儿长大的。
2. The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics.
·句子类型:简单句
·核心结构:主语(The sense of humour) + 谓语(is bound up with) + 宾语(national characteristics)
·语法要点:
1.the sense of humour固定搭配:幽默感。
2.be bound up with固定短语:与…… 紧密联系 / 息息相关。
3.national characteristics:民族特性,characteristics为复数形式,指“特征、特点”。
·释义:幽默感与民族特性有着神秘的联系。
3. A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke.
·句子类型:简单句
·核心结构:主语(A Frenchman) + 谓语(might find) + 形式宾语(it) + 宾补(hard) + 真正宾语(to laugh at a Russian joke)
·语法要点:
1.for instance插入语:例如,相当于for example。
2.find it + adj. + to do sth.固定句型:觉得做某事是…… 的,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。
3.laugh at固定搭配:因…… 发笑;嘲笑(此处为 “对…… 发笑”)。
·释义:譬如,法国人可能很难对一则俄罗斯笑话发笑。
4. In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears.
·句子类型:复合句(含定语从句)
·核心结构:状语(In the same way) + 主句(a Russian might fail to see...) + 定语从句(which would make...)
·语法要点:
1.in the same way固定短语:同样地。
2.fail to do sth.:未能做某事,做某事失败。
3.anything amusing:形容词amusing修饰不定代词anything时后置,意为“任何有趣的东西”。
4.which would make an Englishman laugh to tears是定语从句,修饰先行词a joke;make sb. do sth.结构(不带 to 的不定式作宾补);laugh to tears:笑出眼泪。
·释义:同样,对于一则能让英国人笑出眼泪的笑话,俄罗斯人可能也看不出有什么好笑的。
5. Most funny stories are based on comic situations.
·句子类型:简单句
·核心结构:主语(Most funny stories) + 谓语(are based on) + 宾语(comic situations)
·语法要点:
1.be based on固定短语:以…… 为基础 / 根据。
2.comic situations:喜剧性的场景 / 情节,comic为形容词,意为“喜剧的、滑稽的”。
·释义:多数笑话都是基于喜剧性的场景。
6. In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.
·句子类型:简单句
·核心结构:让步状语(In spite of...) + 主句(certain funny situations have...)
·语法要点:
1.in spite of介词短语:尽管、不管,后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词,相当于 despite。
2.national differences:民族差异。
3.universal appeal:普遍的吸引力,appeal此处为名词,意为“吸引力、感染力”。
·释义:尽管存在民族差异,但某些滑稽场景具有普遍的吸引力。
7. No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin’s early films.
·句子类型:复合句(含让步状语从句)
·核心结构:让步状语从句(No matter where...) + 主句(you would find it difficult not to laugh at...)
·语法要点:
1.no matter where引导让步状语从句,意为“无论哪里”,相当于 wherever。
2.find it difficult not to do sth.:发现很难不做某事,双重否定表示肯定。
3.say此处为插入语,意为“比如说、例如”。
4.Charlie Chaplin’s early films:查理・卓别林的早期电影,用名词所有格表示所属关系。
·释义:比如说,不管你生活在哪里,你都很难不对查理・卓别林的早期电影发笑。
8. However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from the U.S., has recently come into fashion.
·句子类型:复合句(含非限制性定语从句)
·核心结构:主语(a new type of humour) + 非限制性定语从句(which stems largely from the U.S.) + 谓语(has come into fashion)
·语法要点:
1.however为转折副词,表“然而”,可位于句首、句中或句末。
2.which stems largely from the U.S.是非限制性定语从句,用逗号与主句隔开,补充说明先行词a new type of humour,stem from意为“起源于、来自”。
3.come into fashion固定短语:开始流行、时兴起来,用现在完成时has come表示对现在的影响。
·释义:然而,一种主要起源于美国的新式幽默最近开始流行起来。
9. It is called ‘sick humour’.
·句子类型:简单句(被动语态)
·核心结构:主语(It) + 被动谓语(is called) + 主语补足语(‘sick humour’)
·语法要点:
1.被动语态be called:被叫做、被称为,此处用一般现在时表示客观事实。
2.sick humour:病态幽默 / 黑色幽默,固定术语。
·释义:它被称为“黑色幽默”(病态幽默)。
10. Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents.
·句子类型:简单句
·核心结构:主语(Comedians) + 谓语(base) + 宾语(their jokes) + 状语(on tragic situations...)
·语法要点:
1.base sth. on sth.固定短语:把…… 建立在…… 基础上。
2.tragic situations:悲剧性的场景 / 状况,tragic为形容词,意为“悲剧的、悲惨的”。
3.like此处为介词,意为“比如、像”,用于举例。
4.violent death or serious accidents:暴力死亡或严重事故,并列名词短语。
·释义:喜剧演员把笑话建立在暴力死亡或严重事故这类悲剧性的场景上。
11. Many people find this sort of joke distasteful.
·句子类型:简单句
·核心结构:主语(Many people) + 谓语(find) + 宾语(this sort of joke) + 宾补(distasteful)
·语法要点:
1.find + 宾语 + 形容词宾补结构:觉得某物是…… 的,distasteful为形容词,意为“令人反感的、讨厌的”。
2.this sort of:这种、这类,相当于this kind of。
·释义:许多人觉得这种笑话令人反感。
12. The following example of ‘sick humour’ will enable you to judge for yourself.
·句子类型:简单句
·核心结构:主语(The following example...) + 谓语(will enable) + 宾语(you) + 宾补(to judge for yourself)
·语法要点:
1.the following example:下面的例子,following为形容词,意为“接下来的、下列的”。
2.enable sb. to do sth.固定短语:使某人能够做某事。
3.judge for yourself:你自己判断、自行判断。
·释义:下面这个“黑色幽默” 的例子可以让你自己判断一下。
13. A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas.
·句子类型:复合句(含定语从句 + 被动语态)
·核心结构:主语(A man + 定语从句 who had broken...) + 被动谓语(was taken) + 状语(to hospital...)
·语法要点:
1.who had broken his right leg是定语从句,修饰先行词a man;从句用过去完成时had broken,表示“摔断腿” 这一动作发生在 “被送进医院” 之前(过去的过去)。
2.主句用一般过去时的被动语态was taken:被送往。
3.a few weeks before Christmas:圣诞节前几周,时间状语。
·释义:圣诞节前几周,一个摔断右腿的男人被送进了医院。
14. From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home.
·句子类型:复合句(含时间状语从句 + 宾语从句)
·核心结构:时间状语从句(From the moment he arrived there) + 主句(he kept on pestering...) + 宾语从句(when he would be able to go home)
·语法要点:
1.from the moment (that) sb. did sth.引导时间状语从句,意为“从某人做某事的那一刻起”,that可省略。
2.keep on doing sth.:持续做某事、反复做某事。
3.pester sb. to do sth.:缠着某人做某事,pester为动词,意为“纠缠、烦扰”。
4.when he would be able to go home是宾语从句,作tell的间接宾语,用陈述语序;从句用过去将来时would be able to,表示从过去视角看将来的动作。
·释义:从他到医院的那一刻起,他就不停地缠着医生,问自己什么时候能回家。
15. He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital.
·句子类型:简单句
·核心结构:主语(He) + 谓语(dreaded) + 宾语(having to spend Christmas in hospital)
·语法要点:
1.dread doing sth.固定搭配:害怕做某事、担心做某事,后接动名词作宾语。
2.have to do sth.:不得不做某事,此处用having to spend作dreaded的宾语。
3.spend + 时间 + in + 地点:在某地度过(时间)。
·释义:他害怕不得不在医院过圣诞节。
16. Though the doctor did his best, the patient’s recovery was slow.
·句子类型:复合句(含让步状语从句)
·核心结构:让步状语从句(Though the doctor did his best) + 主句(the patient’s recovery was slow)
·语法要点:
1.though引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然、尽管”,不可与 but连用。
2.do one’s best:尽某人最大努力,固定短语。
3.the patient’s recovery:病人的康复,用名词所有格表示所属关系;recovery为名词,意为“恢复、康复”。
·释义:尽管医生尽了最大努力,但病人恢复得很慢。
17. On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster.
·句子类型:简单句
·核心结构:状语(On Christmas Day) + 主语(the man) + 谓语(had) + 宾语(his right leg) + 宾补(in plaster)
·语法要点:
1.on Christmas Day:在圣诞节当天,具体日期前用介词on。
2.have sth. in plaster:某物打着石膏,固定表达,in plaster表示“用石膏固定”。
·释义:圣诞节那天,他的右腿还打着石膏。
18. He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing.
·句子类型:复合句(含定语从句)
·核心结构:主语(He) + 谓语(spent) + 宾语(a miserable day) + 状语(in bed thinking of...) + 定语从句(he was missing)
·语法要点:
1.spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth.:花费时间做某事,此处thinking of...为现在分词作伴随状语,in可省略。
2.think of:想到、想起。
3.the fun he was missing中he was missing是定语从句,修饰先行词the fun,省略了关系代词that/which;从句用过去进行时was missing,表示当时正在错过的乐趣。
4.miserable:形容词,意为“痛苦的、悲惨的”。
·释义:他在床上度过了痛苦的一天,想着自己错过的所有欢乐。
19. The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good.
·句子类型:复合句(含宾语从句)
·核心结构:状语(The following day, however) + 主句(the doctor consoled him) + 方式状语(by telling him that...) + 宾语从句(that his chances...were good)
·语法要点:
1.the following day:第二天、次日。
2.console sb. by doing sth.:通过做某事安慰某人,console为动词,意为“安慰、抚慰”。
3.that his chances...were good是宾语从句,作telling的宾语,用陈述语序。
4.chances of doing sth.:做某事的可能性,chances此处意为“可能性、机会”。
5.in time for:及时赶上、来得及参加。
6.New Year celebrations:新年庆祝活动,复数形式表示各类庆祝活动。
·释义:然而第二天,医生安慰他说,他很有可能及时出院赶上新年庆祝活动。
20. The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year’s Eve he was able to hobble along to a party.
·句子类型:并列句
·核心结构:分句 1(The man took heart) + 连词(and) + 分句 2(he was able to hobble along to a party)
·语法要点:
1.take heart固定短语:振作起来、鼓起勇气。
2.sure enough插入语:果然、果真如此。
3.on New Year’s Eve:在新年前夜(除夕)。
4.be able to do sth.:能够做某事(此处指过去的能力)。
5.hobble along:一瘸一拐地走,hobble为动词,意为“跛行、蹒跚”。
·释义:男人听了振作起来,果然,新年前夜他能一瘸一拐地去参加派对了。
21. To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him.
·句子类型:复合句(含目的状语 + 比较状语从句)
·核心结构:目的状语(To compensate for...) + 主句(the man drank a little more than...) + 比较状语从句(than was good for him)
·语法要点:
1.to compensate for...是动词不定式作目的状语,意为“为了补偿……”;compensate for固定短语:补偿、弥补。
2.more than was good for him中,than引导比较状语从句,从句省略了主语what(完整为more than what was good for him),意为“超过了对他有益的量(即喝多了)”。
·释义:为了补偿在医院的不愉快经历,他喝得有点过量了。
22. In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals.
·句子类型:并列句(含宾语从句)
·核心结构:分句 1(he enjoyed himself thoroughly) + 连词(and) + 分句 2(kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals) + 宾语从句(how much he hated hospitals)
·语法要点:
1.in the process:在此过程中、在这期间。
2.enjoy oneself thoroughly:玩得非常尽兴 / 开心,thoroughly为副词,意为“彻底地、完全地”。
3.keep doing sth.:持续做某事、反复做某事。
4.how much he hated hospitals是宾语从句,作telling的宾语,用陈述语序,how much此处表示程度,意为“多么”。
·释义:在派对上,他玩得非常尽兴,还不停地跟所有人说他有多讨厌医院。
23. He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
·句子类型:复合句(含时间状语从句)
·核心结构:主句(He was still mumbling...) + 时间状语从句(when he slipped...and broke...)
·语法要点:
1.be doing sth. when...固定句型:正在做某事时,突然……(强调一个动作发生时,另一个动作突然插入),主句用过去进行时 was mumbling,从句用一般过去时。
2.mumble something about...:含糊地念叨着关于…… 的事,mumble为动词,意为“咕哝、含糊地说”。
3.at the end of the party:在派对快结束时。
4.slip on a piece of ice:踩到一块冰滑倒,slip为动词,意为“滑倒、打滑”。
·释义:派对快结束时,他还在念叨着医院的事,结果踩到一块冰滑倒,摔断了左腿。
词汇分析
一、核心词汇
1. funny /ˈfʌni/ adj.
·释义:滑稽的;好笑的;奇怪的
·课文用法:find a joke funny 觉得笑话好笑
·补充:比较级 funnier;最高级 funniest
·例句:The story is not funny at all. 这个故事一点也不好笑。
2. largely /ˈlɑːdʒli/ adv.
·释义:在很大程度上;主要地
·课文用法:largely depends on 很大程度上取决于
·同义替换:mainly, mostly(写作加分词)
·例句:His success is largely due to hard work. 他的成功主要归功于努力。
3. bring up
(动词短语,单列核心义)
·释义:抚养,养育;提出(话题)
·课文用法:be brought up 被抚养长大(被动形式)
·例句:She was brought up in a big city. 她在一座大城市长大。
4. humour (美 humor) /ˈhjuːmə(r)/n.
·释义:幽默,幽默感
·课文搭配:the sense of humour 幽默感;sick humour 黑色 / 病态幽默
·派生词:humorous adj. 幽默的
·例句:He is a man of great humour. 他是个很有幽默感的人。
5. mysteriously /mɪˈstɪəriəsli/ adv.
·释义:神秘地;难以理解地
·派生词:mysterious adj. 神秘的
·课文用法:is mysteriously bound up with 与…… 有着神秘的联系
·例句:The door mysteriously opened by itself. 门莫名地自己开了。
6. characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/
·n. 特征,特点(常用复数 characteristics)
·adj. 典型的,特有的
·课文用法:national characteristics 民族特性
·例句:Honesty is a good characteristic. 诚实是一种优秀的品质。
7. instance /ˈɪnstəns/ n.
·释义:例子,实例
·课文搭配:for instance 例如(= for example)
·用法辨析:for instance 后可接句子 / 短语,口语 & 书面通用;for example 用法一致
·例句:Some fruits, for instance, apples, are popular everywhere. 有些水果,比如苹果,各地都受欢迎。
8. amusing /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/ adj.
·释义:有趣的,引人发笑的
·课文用法:anything amusing 任何有趣的事
·派生词:amuse v. 使发笑;amusement n. 娱乐,乐趣
·辨析:amusing 侧重 “轻松有趣”;funny 侧重 “滑稽搞笑”
·例句:He told an amusing story. 他讲了一个有趣的故事。
9. comic /ˈkɒmɪk/ adj.
·释义:喜剧的;滑稽的
·课文用法:comic situations 喜剧场景
·拓展:comic n. 漫画;喜剧演员
·例句:The play has many comic moments. 这部剧有很多滑稽的片段。
10. universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl/ adj.
·释义:普遍的;全体的;全世界的
·课文用法:universal appeal 普遍的吸引力
·例句:Music is a universal language. 音乐是一种通用的语言。
11. appeal /əˈpiːl/
·n. 吸引力,魅力;呼吁
·v. 有吸引力;呼吁
·课文用法:have a universal appeal 具有普遍吸引力
·例句:This style has wide appeal among young people. 这种风格深受年轻人喜爱。
12. stem /stem/ v.
·释义:起源于;阻止
·课文搭配:stem from 起源于
·时态变化:stem — stemmed — stemmed
·例句:Her interest stems from her childhood. 她的兴趣源于童年。
13. fashion /ˈfæʃn/ n.
·释义:时尚,流行款式
·课文搭配:come into fashion 开始流行
·反义:go out of fashion 过时
·例句:This hairstyle came into fashion last year. 这种发型去年开始流行。
14. comedian /kəˈmiːdiən/ n.
·释义:喜剧演员;滑稽人物
·词根:comedy n. 喜剧
·例句:The comedian made the audience laugh loudly. 这位喜剧演员逗得观众大笑。
15. tragic /ˈtrædʒɪk/ adj.
·释义:悲剧的;悲惨的
·课文用法:tragic situations 悲剧场景
·派生词:tragedy n. 悲剧
·例句:It was a tragic accident. 这是一场悲惨的事故。
16. distasteful /dɪsˈteɪstfl/ adj.
·释义:令人反感的;乏味的
·课文用法:find sth. distasteful 觉得某物令人反感
·词根:taste n. 品味;味道
·例句:I find his words distasteful. 我觉得他的话很让人不适。
17. enable /ɪˈneɪbl/ v.
·释义:使能够;使成为可能
·固定句型:enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
·例句:The new tool enables us to work faster. 新工具让我们工作效率更高。
18. pester /ˈpestə(r)/ v.
·释义:纠缠,不断打扰
·课文搭配:pester sb. to do sth. 缠着某人做某事
·例句:The kids pester me to take them to the park. 孩子们缠着我带他们去公园。
19. dread /dred/ v. & n.
·释义:害怕,畏惧;担忧
·课文搭配:dread doing sth. 害怕做某事
·语气辨析:dread 语气强于 fear,侧重 “内心抗拒、极度担忧”
·例句:I dread getting up early in winter. 我冬天害怕早起。
20. recovery /rɪˈkʌvəri/ n.
·释义:康复;恢复
·课文用法:the patient’s recovery 病人的康复
·动词形式:recover v. 恢复,康复
·例句:She is on the road to recovery. 她正在逐渐康复。
21. plaster /ˈplɑːstə(r)/ n.
·释义:石膏;膏药
·课文搭配:in plaster 打着石膏
·例句:His arm is still in plaster. 他的胳膊还打着石膏。
22. miserable /ˈmɪzrəbl/ adj.
·释义:痛苦的;悲惨的;难受的
·课文用法:a miserable day 难熬的一天
·例句:He felt miserable after losing his job. 失业后他心情低落。
23. console /kənˈsəʊl/ v.
·释义:安慰,抚慰
·课文用法:console sb. 安慰某人
·例句:I tried to console her when she cried. 她哭泣时我试着安慰她。
24. chance /tʃɑːns/ n.
·释义:可能性;机会(课文表“可能性”)
·课文搭配:chances of doing sth. 做某事的可能性
·例句:The chances of success are high. 成功的可能性很大。
25. hobble /ˈhɒbl/ v.
·释义:跛行,一瘸一拐地走
·课文搭配:hobble along 蹒跚前行
·例句:The old man hobbled across the street. 老人一瘸一拐地穿过马路。
26. compensate /ˈkɒmpenseɪt/ v.
·释义:补偿,弥补
·课文搭配:compensate for 弥补,补偿
·例句:Nothing can compensate for lost time. 光阴一去不复返。
27. thoroughly /ˈθʌrəli/ adv.
·释义:彻底地;完全地
·课文用法:enjoy oneself thoroughly 玩得十分尽兴
·例句:Clean the room thoroughly. 把房间彻底打扫一下。
28. mumble /ˈmʌmbl/ v.
·释义:咕哝,含糊地说话
·课文用法:mumble something 含糊地念叨
·例句:He mumbled an apology and left. 他低声道了歉就走了。
29. slip /slɪp/ v.
·释义:滑倒;滑落
·时态变化:slip — slipped — slipped
·课文搭配:slip on ice 踩到冰滑倒
·例句:Be careful not to slip on the wet floor. 小心别在湿地板上滑倒。
二、高级固定搭配
1.depend on 取决于;依靠
原文:largely depends on
解析:高频书面搭配,主语可接事物 / 人;后接名词、从句均可
仿写:Your mood depends on how you look at life. 你的心态取决于你如何看待生活。
2.be bound up with 与…… 密切相关 / 紧密联系
原文:is mysteriously bound up with
解析:高级加分短语,替代普通 be connected with,适用于议论文
仿写:Culture is bound up with history. 文化与历史密不可分。
3.fail to do sth. 未能做某事
原文:might fail to see anything amusing
解析:书面常用,表“没能做到”,语气正式
仿写:Many people fail to realize the importance of reading. 很多人没能意识到阅读的重要性。
4.be based on 以…… 为基础
原文:are based on comic situations
解析:被动结构,议论文、图表作文超级高频
仿写:This report is based on real data. 这份报告以真实数据为依据。
5.in spite of 尽管,不管
原文:In spite of national differences
解析:介词短语,后接名词 / 动名词;同义 despite(同义互换提分)
仿写:In spite of the rain, we went out. 尽管下着雨,我们还是出门了。
6.stem from 起源于,由…… 造成
原文:stems largely from the U.S.
解析:高级短语,替代 come from,多用于分析原因类写作
仿写:Most mistakes stem from carelessness. 大多数错误源于粗心。
7.come into fashion 开始流行,风靡
原文:has recently come into fashion
解析:描述潮流、风气专用搭配
仿写:Retro style has come into fashion again. 复古风再度流行。
8.base sth. on sth. 把…… 建立在…… 之上
原文:base their jokes on tragic situations
解析:主动形式,和 be based on 互为主动 / 被动
仿写:We should base our opinions on facts. 我们的观点应基于事实。
9.keep on doing sth. 持续 / 反复做某事
原文:kept on pestering his doctor
解析:强调动作反复不停,延续性动作
仿写:She kept on practicing until midnight. 她一直练习到深夜。
10.dread doing sth. 害怕做某事
原文:dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital
解析:侧重内心抗拒、担忧,情感表达更细腻
仿写:I dread taking exams. 我害怕考试。
11.do one’s best 竭尽全力
原文:the doctor did his best
同义:try one’s best(通用),go all out(口语)
12.take heart 振作起来,鼓起勇气
原文:The man took heart
解析:书面 + 口语通用,情绪类表达
仿写:Take heart! Everything will be fine. 振作点!一切都会好起来的。
13.in time for 及时赶上
原文:leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations
辨析:in time 及时;on time 准时
仿写:I ran fast to get there in time for the meeting. 我快跑才及时赶上会议。
14.compensate for 补偿,弥补
原文:To compensate for his unpleasant experiences
解析:正式搭配,写作、阅读高频
仿写:Hard work can compensate for a lack of talent. 勤能补拙。
15.enjoy oneself 玩得开心
原文:enjoyed himself thoroughly
同义:have a good time(普通),have fun(口语)
16.be doing sth. when... 正在做某事,突然……
原文:He was still mumbling... when he slipped...
解析:经典时间状语句型,时态考点(过去进行时 + 一般过去时)
仿写:I was walking when I met an old friend. 我走路时突然遇到了一位老友。
三、拓展高频搭配
(一)与 humour 相关拓展
1.dry humour 冷幽默
2.black humour 黑色幽默(= sick humour)
3.sense of humour 幽默感(课文原搭配)
4.have a good sense of humour 很有幽默感
(二)与 depend 相关拓展
1.depend upon = depend on 依靠;取决于
2.depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事
3.It depends. 看情况。(口语万能句)
(三)与 bring 相关拓展(bring 短语必考)
1.bring up 抚养;提出(课文)
2.bring about 引起,导致
3.bring down 使倒下;降低
4.bring in 引进;赚得
5.bring out 使显现;出版
(四)与 bind 相关拓展(bind /baɪnd/v. 捆绑;联系)
1.be bound to do sth. 必定做某事
2.bind together 使团结在一起
(五)与 appeal 相关拓展
1.appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力;向某人呼吁
2.make an appeal 发出呼吁
(六)与 fashion 相关拓展
1.go out of fashion 过时
2.follow the fashion 跟风,追潮流
3.in fashion 流行的;out of fashion 过时的
(七)与 enable /able 相关拓展
1.be able to do 能够做
2.unable to do 无法做
3.disable v. 使残疾;使失效
(八)与 recover 相关拓展
1.recover from illness 从疾病中康复
2.make a quick recovery 快速康复
(九)与 chance 相关拓展
1.have a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事
2.by chance 偶然,碰巧
3.stand a good chance 大有希望
(十)情绪 / 行为类拓展(dread /console 延伸)
1.fear doing sth. 害怕做某事(通用)
2.be afraid of doing 害怕做某事(口语)
3.comfort sb. = console sb. 安慰某人(同义替换)
句型
句式 1
课文原句
Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up.
句型框架
Whether + 主语 + 谓语 + 表语 / 宾语 or not largely depends on + 名词性从句
套用说明
1.Whether...or not引导主语从句,表“是否……”;
2.largely depends on可替换:mainly depends on /relies mostly on;
3.后半句用从句作介词宾语,适合观点类、影响类作文。
仿写例句
Whether we achieve our goals or not largely depends on how hard we work.
例句翻译
我们能否实现目标,很大程度上取决于我们付出了多少努力。
句式 2
课文原句
The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics.
句型框架
A + 抽象名词 + is closely bound up with + B(人 / 事物 / 特质)
套用说明
1.be bound up with高级替换 be connected with /be related to;
2.主语多用抽象名词(品质、文化、能力、习惯等),适用于文化、教育、社会类话题。
仿写例句
Good manners are closely bound up with personal education.
例句翻译
良好的礼仪与个人修养息息相关。
句式 3
课文原句
A Frenchman might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke.
句型框架
主语 + find it + 形容词 + to do sth.
套用说明
经典形式宾语句型,形容词可替换:difficult /easy/necessary /important 等,写作万能句式。
仿写例句
Many students find it difficult to master a foreign language.
例句翻译
很多学生觉得掌握一门外语并非易事。
句式 4
课文原句
In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.
句型框架
In spite of + 名词短语,主语 + have a universal appeal.
套用说明
1.In spite of表让步,替换 Despite;
2.have a universal appeal表示“具有普遍吸引力”,可用于文化、艺术、事物评价类作文。
仿写例句
In spite of cultural gaps, traditional art has a universal appeal.
例句翻译
尽管存在文化差异,传统艺术仍具有普遍的吸引力。
句式 5
课文原句
He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
句型框架
主语 + was still doing sth. when + 主语 + did sth.
套用说明
经典时间句型:过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时,表示 “正在做某事,这时突然发生另一动作”,适合叙事、事例类写作。
仿写例句
I was still reading books at night when I heard a loud noise outside.
例句翻译
深夜我还在看书,这时突然听到外面传来一阵巨响。