Sutra 4: What is samyama?
त्रयमेकत्र संयमः ॥ ४ ॥
Trayamekatra saṃyamah
Trayam: the three; ekatra: together; saṃyamah: samyama
The three (dharana, dhyana and samadhi) together constitute samyama.
这三者（专注、冥想与三摩地）共同构成了总持（samyama）。
Samyama is the totality of the three processes described above. It contains two parts: sam means perfect or thorough, yama means control. So samyama means complete mastery over the psychic process or a complete control of mental concentration. This is a very important topic of yoga. It reveals to us the secret of yogic powers. The application of samyama to different objects or thoughts will give rise to psychic powers called vibhootis.
总持是上述三个过程的统合体。它包含两部分："sam"意为完美或彻底，"yama"意为控制。因此它意味着对心理过程的完全掌控，或对精神专注的彻底控制。这是瑜伽非常重要的主题，它向我们揭示了瑜伽力量的神秘本质。将总持应用于不同对象或思想时，会产生被称为"神通力"的超自然能力。
The samyama cannot be said to be complete unless there is fusion of the three processes of concentration. The object of meditation must become extremely clear and there should be no personal consciousness. The object may pertain to the body or mind or society or personal possessions and so on, but there should be these two factors. The samyama starts with the subjective and objective awareness; that is a dual awareness. You are aware of your object of meditation within as well as in the outside world, but gradually the outer doors are closed and you see only the thing that is inside. That is dhyana. Then the thing seen inside becomes clearer and clearer and simultaneously you lose your personal consciousness; that is called samadhi. The three put together are known as samyama.
只有当专注的三个过程融合为一，总持（samyama）才称得上完整。冥想对象必须变得极其清晰，且不应存有个人意识。这个对象可以是身体、心灵、社会、个人财产等等，但必须具备这两个要素。总持始于主客体的觉知——这是一种二元觉知。你既觉知内在的冥想对象，也觉知外部世界，但渐渐地，外在之门关闭，你只看见内在之物。此即冥想（dhyana）。随后，内在所见之物愈发清晰，同时你失去了个人意识——这被称为三摩地（samadhi）。三者合一，方为总持。
