足阳明胃经FOOT YANG MING STOMACH CHANNEL
“The Spleen-Stomach holds the office of the granaries and issues the five flavors.”- Su Wen, Chapter 8
“脾胃者，仓廪之官，五味出焉。”
FUNCTIONS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE
Controls “rotting and ripening” of food 主腐熟水谷
Controls receiving and descending 主受纳和通降
Controls transportation of food essences 主运输水谷精微
Is the origin of fluids 津液之源
OTHER CHARACTERISTICS
“The Yang Ming channel is full of qi and blood.” - Ling Shu, Chapter 9
阳明经多气多血
The Stomach is averse to heat and dryness. 胃喜润恶燥
ST Primary Channel
Begins:LI-20 迎香
encircles the lips and enters the upper gums
入上齿:该经脉环绕口唇（侠口环唇），并进入上齿龈（入上齿中）。
goes around to the back of the neck to connect to DU-14, as all the yang channels do
交会大椎: 向上循行至颈后，与所有阳经一样，在大椎穴 (DU-14) 处与督脉相交会。
connects to the Spleen and Stomach (no other organs)
Branch: ST-36 to the lateral aspect of the middle toe
支脉 (Branch):从足三里 (ST-36)处分出，下行至中趾外侧（出次指外廉）。
Linkage: from ST-42 (dome of the foot) to the SP-1 (big toe)
从足背的冲阳穴 (ST-42)分出，进入大脚趾内侧端，与足太阴脾经的起始穴隐白穴 (SP-1)相接。
Organs: ST, SP
PATHOLOGIES
borborygmus, abdominal distention, edema, epigastric pain, vomiting, hunger
肠鸣，腹胀，水肿，胃脘痛，呕吐，容易饥饿
epistaxis, deviation of the mouth, congested and sore throat
鼻衄，口喎，喉痹咽痛
pain in the chest, abdomen, and anterior/lateral aspect of the lower limbs
胸、腹、下肢前外侧痛
fever and mania
热病、狂证
Luo Channel: ST-40 → SP channel → ascend leg to chest → spread over throat and nape
起于丰隆 (ST-40)，联络足太阴脾经；向上沿腿部进入胸腹，布散于喉咙与项后
Great Luo: ST-18/ST-40 → Heart → left breast
传统记载为虚里（约在ST-18 乳根穴处，也有记载与 ST-40 相关），穿过横膈联络心脏，布于左乳下（此处可感知心尖搏动）
Divergent Channel:
separates thigh → enters abdomen, ST, SP, HT → emerges mouth → connects to eye, ST
从大腿处分出，进入腹腔归属于胃，散络于脾，向上穿过心脏，循食道上行出于口，最终联系于目（眼）并回到胃经主干。
Sinew Channel:
toe → ankle → knee → hip/genital → lumbar spine → supraclavicular fossa → nose & front of ear
起于足次趾、中趾及大趾，结于足背；向上结于膝、胯关节/生殖器；沿脊柱到达腰脊；向上至缺盆 (Supraclavicular fossa)，最终分布于鼻旁并结于耳前。
ST-1 cheng qi 承泣
Between eyeball and infraorbital ridge, directly below pupil
Needling: ⊥ 0.5-1 cun
在眼球与眶下缘之间，瞳孔直下。
ST-2 si bai 四白
1 cun below the pupil, in the depression at the infraorbital foramen
Needling: ⊥ 0.2-0.4 cun
瞳孔直下，眼下凹陷处
ST-3 ju liao 巨髎
Below the pupil, level with the lower border of the ala nasi
Needling: ⊥ 0.3-0.4 cun
瞳孔直下，平鼻翼下缘
ST-4 di cang 地仓
0.4 cun lateral to the corner of the mouth
Needling: _ towards ST-6, LI-20, REN-24
口角旁开0.4寸
FUNCTIONS功效
Eliminates wind from the face
祛风通络
INDICATIONS症状
deviation of mouth, trigeminal neuralgia, pain in cheek, drooling
口角歪斜， 三叉神经痛，面颊疼痛，流涎
ceaseless movement of eyeball, inability to close eye
眼球震颤，眼睑闭合不全
atrophy disorder with inability to walk, swelling of leg
痿证（下肢无力、肌肉萎缩）导致行走困难，下肢肿胀 / 脚气肿痛。
ST-1 -ST-4:face
eye problems:
-red, painful, itchy
-excessive lacrimatio
-inability to close eye
swollen cheek
deviation of the mouth
Anterior to the angle of the jaw, at anterior border of masseter muscle
Needling: ∠ 0.3-0.5 cun
下颌角前，咬肌附着部前缘凹陷中，动脉搏动处。
ST-6 jia che颊车
One finger breadth anterior and superior to the angle of the jaw
Needling: ⊥ 0.5 cun
下颌角前上方约一横指，咬肌隆起处。
FUNCTIONS功效
Eliminates wind, benefits the jaw and teeth 祛风通络，利颊利齿
INDICATIONS症状
deviation of mouth and eye, swelling of cheek, toothache口眼歪斜，脸颊肿，牙疼
lockjaw, inability to chew, inability to open mouth 牙关紧闭，咀嚼困难，张口困难
stiff neck, mumps, loss of voice 颈项强直，腮腺炎，失音
ST-7 xia guan 下关
Lower border of zygomatic arch, in depression anterior to condyloid process of mandible
Needling: ⊥ 0.5-1 cun
颧弓下缘，下颌骨髁突前方的凹陷中（闭口取穴）。
ST-5 -ST-7 JAW
lockjaw, TMJ
toothache
ear problems
ST-8 tou wei 头维
Corner of forehead, 4.5 cun lateral to DU-24 and 0.5 cun within anterior hairline，_ 0.5-1 cun
在额角发际上 0.5 寸，头正中线（督脉神庭穴 DU-24）旁开 4.5 寸。
FUNCTIONS功效
Expels wind and stops pain 祛风止痛
Brightens the eyes 清利头目
INDICATIONS症状
headache, splitting headache, dizziness,头疼，头痛如裂，眩晕
vomiting 呕吐
dim vision, bursting pain in eyes 视物模糊，目痛如脱（眼睛有爆裂样疼痛或胀痛）
dyspnea, hemiplegia 呼吸困难 / 气短，半身不遂
ST-9 ren ying 人迎
Level with the tip of the laryngeal prominence, in the depression between the anterior border of the SCM and the lateral border of the thyroid cartilage. Needling: ⊥ 0.5-1 cun
喉结旁（平喉结），胸锁乳突肌前缘与甲状软骨外缘之间的凹陷中。
ST-10 shui tu 水突
Level with the tip of the laryngeal prominence, in the depression between the anterior border of the SCM and the lateral border of the thyroid cartilage Needling: ⊥ 0.5-1 cun
在喉结与锁骨之间的中点，胸锁乳突肌前缘。
ST-11 qi she 气舍
Superior to clavicle, between sternal and clavicular heads of SCM Needling: ⊥ 0.2-0.3 cun
锁骨上缘，胸锁乳突肌的胸骨头与锁骨头之间。
ST-9 -ST-11Throat
pain in supraclacicular fossa
shoulder pain
cough, sob, heat in chest
ST-12 que pen 缺盆
Supraclavicular fossa, 4 cun lateral to midline Needling: ⊥ 0.3-0.5 cun (contraindicated in pregnancy)锁骨上窝中央（即缺盆穴处），前正中线旁开 4 寸
怀孕禁用
ST-13 qi hu气户
Inferior border of the clavicle, 4 cun lateral to midline Needling: ∠ 0.5-0.8 cun
锁骨下缘，前正中线旁开 4 寸。
ST-14 ku fang 库房
In the first intercostal space, 4 cun lateral to the midline Needling: ∠ 0.5-0.8 cun
第 1 肋间隙，前正中线旁开 4 寸。
ST-15 wu yi 屋翳
In the second intercostal space, 4 cun lateral to the midline Needling: ∠ 0.5-0.8 cun
第 2 肋间隙，前正中线旁开 4 寸。
ST-16 ying chuang 膺窗
In the third intercostal space, 4 cun lateral to the midline Needling: ∠ 0.5-0.8 cun
第 3肋间隙，前正中线旁开 4 寸。
ST-17 ru zhong 乳中
At the center of the nipple, in the fourth intercostal space, Needling: do not needle
乳头正中央，第4肋间隙。
ST-18 ru gen 乳根
Directly below the nipple, in the fifth intercostal space Needling: ∠ 0.5-1 cun
乳头直下，第 5 肋间隙。
FUNCTIONS功效
Benefits the breasts and reduces swelling通乳消肿
Unbinds the chest and alleviates cough and wheezing宽胸利气
INDICATIONS症状
breast abscess, breast pain, scanty lactation乳痈，乳痛，产后乳少
Cough, chest oppression, sudden turmoil咳嗽，胸闷，气喘
ST-13 to ST-18 Chest
chest pain, fullness
cough, wheezing, SOB
breast pain, breast abscess
ST-19 bu rong 不容
On the abdomen, 2 cun lateral to the midline, and 6 cun superior to the umbilicus. Needling: ⊥ 0.5-0.8 cun
脐上 6 寸，旁开 2 寸。
FUNCTIONS功效
Harmonizes the middle jiao 和胃调中
Subdues rebellious ST qi 降逆止呕
Subdues rebellious LU qi 肃肺平喘
INDICATIONS症状
Abdominal distention, epigastric pain, vomiting, borborygmus
腹胀，胃脘痛（心下痛），呕吐，肠鸣
cough, difficulty breathing, pain of heart, dry mouth
咳嗽，呼吸困难，心痛，口干
ST-20 cheng man 承满
On the abdomen, 2 cun lateral to the midline and 5 cun superior to the umbilicus Needling: ⊥ 0.5-1 cun
脐上 5 寸，旁开 2 寸。
ST-21 liang men 梁门
On the abdomen, 2 cun lateral to the midline and 4 cun superior to the umbilicus Needling: ⊥ 1-1.5 cun
脐上 4寸，旁开 2 寸。
FUNCTIONS功效
Regulates qi and alleviates pain理气止痛
Harmonizes the middle jiao and transforms stagnation 和中化饥
Raises qi and stops diarrhea 升清止泻
INDICATIONS症状
epigastric pain, accumulation in the lateral costal region, fullness below chest 胃脘痛，胁下积滞/痞块，胸下满闷
vomiting, poor appetite, diarrhea with undigested food 呕吐，纳呆，完谷不化
ST-22 guan men 关门
On the abdomen, 2 cun lateral to the midline and 3 cun superior to the umbilicus Needling: ⊥ 1-1.5 cun
脐上 3寸，旁开 2 寸。
FUNCTIONS功效
Regulates qi and alleviates pain 理气止痛
Regulates the intestines and benefits urination调理肠道功能，通利小便
INDICATIONS症状
abdominal pain, distention and fullness, acute peri umbilical pain
腹痛、腹胀、满闷，脐周卒痛（急性脐周剧痛）
constipation, borborygmus, diarrhea, edema, enuresis
便秘，肠鸣，泄泻，水肿，遗尿
ST-23 taiyi 太乙
On the abdomen, 2 cun lateral to the midline and 2 cun superior to the umbilicus Needling: ⊥ 1-1.5 cun
脐上2 寸，旁开 2 寸。
ST-24 hua rou men 滑肉门
On the abdomen, 2 cun lateral to the midline and 1 cun superior to the umbilicus Needling: ⊥ 1-1.5 cun
脐上 1 寸，旁开 2 寸。
ST-19 TO ST24 abdomen
Epigastric pain
Abdominal distention
Vomiting diarrhea
ST-25 tian shu 天枢
Front-Mu Point of the Large Intestine 大肠之募穴
On the abdomen, 2 cun lateral to the umbilicus Needling: ⊥ 1-1.5 cun
在腹部，横平脐中，前正中线旁开 2 寸。
FUNCTIONS功效
Regulates the intestines: 理肠消滞（调理肠道功能）。
Regulates the Spleen and Stomach: 健脾和胃（调理中焦脾胃）。
Resolves dampness and damp-heat: 清热化湿（祛除肠道湿邪或湿热）。
Regulates qi and invigorates blood: 理气活血。
INDICATIONS症状
Diarrhea 泄泻
Edema, drum distention, swelling of the face 水肿、鼓胀（腹大如鼓）、面部浮肿
Vomiting, retching, sudden turmoil disorder
呕吐、干呕、霍乱（古代指剧烈吐泻导致的混乱状态）。
Abdominal pain, intestinal abscess, umbilical shan disorder, running piglet qi
腹痛、肠痈（阑尾炎）、脐疝、奔豚气（气从小腹上冲至胸咽）
Abdominal masses, pain in uterus, irregular menstruation
腹部积聚（痞块）、胞宫痛（子宫痛）、月经不调。
ST-26 wai ling 外陵
On the lower abdomen, 2 cun lateral to the midline and 1 cun inferior to the umbilicus
下腹部，当脐中下 1 寸，旁开 2 寸。
ST-27 da ju 大巨
On the lower abdomen, 2 cun lateral to the midline and 2 cun inferior to the umbilicus
下腹部，当脐中下 2寸，旁开 2 寸。
FUNCTIONS功效
Benefits the Kidney and firms essence益肾固精
Regulates qi and promotes urination 理气利尿
INDICATIONS症状
premature ejaculation, seminal emission, difficult urination 早泄，遗精，小便不利
palpitation 心悸
lower abdominal fullness and shan disorder 小腹胀满，疝气
ST-28 shui dao 水道
On the lower abdomen, 2 cun lateral to the midline and 3 cun inferior to the umbilicus
下腹部，当脐中下 3 寸，旁开 2 寸。
FUNCTIONS功效
Regulates the lower jiao and dispels stagnation调节下焦，消散瘀滞
Benefits the bladder and uterus 利膀胱，益胞宫
INDICATIONS症状
retention of urine and feces, edema, cold in the bladder二便不通，水肿，膀胱冷痛
hypogastric pain in women extending to the genitals, painful menses, infertility, cold in the uterus女性小腹痛牵引阴部，痛经，不孕症，胞宫虚寒
ST-29 gui lai 归来
On the lower abdomen, 2 cun lateral to the midline and 4 cun inferior to the umbilicus
下腹部，脐中下 4 寸（中极穴 RN-3 旁开），前正中线旁开 2 寸。
FUNCTIONS功效
Warms the lower jiao 温经散寒 / 温暖下焦
Regulates menstruation and benefits the genital region 调经种子，通利前后阴（调理月经并有益于生殖器区域）
INDICATIONS症状
amenorrhea, irregular menstruation, uterine masses, uterine prolapse, pain and cold of the vagina, infertility, leukorrhea
闭经，月经不调，癥瘕，子宫脱垂，阴中冷痛，不孕症，带下
retraction of the testicles, pain of the penis, impotence, shan disorder
睾丸上缩，阴茎痛，阳痿，疝气
ST-30 qi chong 气冲
On the lower abdomen, 2 cun lateral to the midline, level with the superior border of the pubic symphysis
在腹股沟区（下腹部），脐中下5 寸（平齐耻骨联合上缘），前正中线旁开2 寸。
ST26 to ST30 lower abdomen
Amenorrhea
Painful menses
Shan disorder
Chongmai running piglet qi
ST-31 bi guan 髀关
On the upper thigh, in a depression lateral to the sartorius muscle, level with the lower border of the pubic symphysis Needling: ⊥ 1-2 cun
在大腿前面，当髂前上棘与髌底外侧端的连线上，平耻骨联合下缘，缝匠肌外侧凹陷中。
ST-32 fu tu 伏兔
On the thigh, 6 cun proximal to the superior border of the patella
在大腿前面，当髂前上棘与髌底外侧端的连线上，髌底上 6 寸。
ST-33 yin shi 阴市
On the thigh, 3 cun proximal to the superior border of the patella Needling: ⊥ 1-1.5 cun
在大腿前面，当髂前上棘与髌底外侧端的连线上，髌底上 3 寸。
ST-34 Liang Qiu 梁丘
Xi-Cleft Point of the Stomach Channel
On the thigh, 2 cun proximal to the superior border of the patella Needling: ⊥ 1-1.5 cun
在大腿前面，髂前上棘与髌底外侧端的连线上，髌底上 2 寸。
FUNCTIONS功效
Treats acute conditions and pain 治急性病证与止痛
Harmonizes the Stomach and alleviates pain 和胃止痛
INDICATIONS症状
swelling and pain of the knee, difficulty flexing and extending the knee 膝盖红肿疼痛，膝关节屈伸不利（活动受限）
epigastric pain, acid regurgitation, breast abscess and swelling of the breast 胃脘痛（特别是急性胃痛），吐酸 / 反酸，乳痈（乳腺炎）、乳房肿痛
ST-35 du bi 犊鼻
Below patella, lateral to patellar ligament Needling: ⊥ 1-2 cun
髌骨下缘，髌韧带外侧凹陷中
ST-36 zu san li 足三里
He-Sea (Earth) Point合穴，属土（Earth Point）
Point of the Sea of Water and Grain 胃之下合穴，水谷之海穴
3 cun inferior to ST-35, one finger breadth from the crest of the tibia，⊥ 1-1.5 cun
犊鼻 (ST-35) 下 3 寸，胫骨前嵴外侧一横指（中指）
FUNCTIONS功效
Harmonizes the Stomach 和胃
Fortifies the Spleen and resolves dampness 健脾祛湿
Supports correct qi and fosters the original qi扶正培元
Tonifies qi and nourishes blood and yin 补气养血滋阴
Clears fire and calms the spirit 泄火安神
ACAP 舒经通络
Revives yang and restores consciousness 回阳固脱
INDICATIONS症状
epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, hiccup, borborygmus, diarrhea, poor appetite
胃脘痛、恶心、呕吐、呃逆（打嗝）、肠鸣、泄泻、纳呆（食欲不振）
taxation, insufficiency of original qi
虚劳，元气不足
dizziness, dim vision, tinnitus, palpitation
眩晕、视物模糊、耳鸣、心悸
mania-depression, manic singing, sadness, laughter
癫狂，登高而歌，悲伤，大笑
throat painful obstruction, headache, cold nose, brain pain, heat pain, fullness in chest, qi rushing up to the chest
喉痹、头痛、鼻冷、脑痛、热痛、胸满、气上冲心
breast pain, knee pain, shin pain, hemiplegia, shan disorder
乳痈（乳痛）、膝痛、胫部痛、半身不遂、疝气
lockjaw, spasm, loss of consciousness
牙关紧闭，抽搐，神志丧失
ST-37 shang ju xu 上巨虚
Lower He-Sea Point of the Large Intestine大肠之下合穴
Point of the Sea of Blood血海之穴
6 cun inferior to ST-35, one finger breadth from the crest of the tibia Needling: ⊥ 1-1.5 cun
在小腿前外侧，当犊鼻 (ST-35) 下6 寸，距胫骨前嵴一横指（中指）
FUNCTIONS功效
Regulates intestines and transforms stagnation 理肠消滞
Clears damp and alleviates diarrhea and dysenteric disorder 清热利湿，止泻止痢
Regulates the Spleen and Stomach 调理脾胃
ACAP 活血通络
INDICATIONS症状
constipation, diarrhea, borborygmus, pain in intestines 便秘、泄泻、肠鸣、肠中切痛（腹痛）
heat in Stomach, Spleen and Stomach deficiency 胃热、脾胃虚弱
mania, aversion to the sound of people talking 癫狂、恶闻人声
hemiplegia, numbness and painful obstruction of the lower limb
半身不遂、下肢麻木、下肢痹痛
ST-38 条口
8 cun inferior to ST-35, one finger breadth from the crest of the tibia
ST-39 xia ju xu 下巨虚
Lower He-Sea Point of the Small Intestine 小肠的下合穴
9 cun inferior to ST-35, one finger breadth from the crest of the tibia Needling: ⊥ 1-1.5 cun
在小腿前外侧，当犊鼻 (ST-35) 下9寸，距胫骨前嵴一横指（中指）
FUNCTIONS功效
Regulates Small Intestine 调节小肠
Clears damp-heat 清痰热
ACAP
INDICATIONS症状
lower abdominal pain and pain the radiates into the testicles 小腹痛，腹痛牵引睾丸
diarrhea, dark urine, breast abscess, sudden fright 泄泻，尿色深，乳痈，惊悸
atrophy disorder and bi syndrome of the leg, hemiplegia of the leg, pain in foot or heel
痿证，下肢痹证，下肢偏瘫，足部和足跟痛
ST-40 feng long 丰隆
Luo-Connecting Point 络穴
8 cun inferior to ST-35, two finger breadths from the crest of the tibia Needling: ⊥ 1-1.5 cun
在小腿前外侧，当犊鼻 (ST-35) 下8寸，距胫骨前嵴2横指（中指）
FUNCTIONS功效
Transforms phlegm and dampness 化痰祛湿
Benefits the chest 宽胸理气
Clears phlegm from the Lung and alleviates cough and wheezing 清肺化痰，平喘止咳
Clears phlegm from the Heart and calms the spirit 清心化痰，宁神定志
ACAP
INDICATIONS症状
copious phlegm, fullness and oppression of the chest, plum pit qi
痰多，胸闷胸胀，梅核气
damp body, heavy body身体沉重感
cough, SOB, cough with phlegm。咳嗽，气短，咳嗽带痰
mania-depression, mad laughter, great happiness, desire to ascend to high places and sing, discards clothing and runs around, seeing ghosts
癫狂，狂笑，喜乐失常，登高而歌，弃衣而走，见鬼
atrophy and bi syndrome in leg
下肢痿痹
ST-35 knee
ST-36tonifies everything; abdomen
ST-37 large intestine
ST-38 shoulder
ST-39 small intestine
ST-40 phlegm
ST-41 jie xi 解溪
Jing-River (Fire) Point
On the ankle, level with lateral malleolus, between extensor hallicus longus and extensor digitorum longus Needling: ⊥ 0.5 cun
ST-42 chong yang 冲阳
Yuan-Source Point
On the dome of the foot, in the depression formed by the second and third metatarsal bones and the cuneiform bones Needling: ⊥ 0.3-0.5 cun
ST-43 xian gu 陷谷
Shu-Stream (Wood) Point
Between second and third metatarsal bones, in depression 1 cun proximal to ST-44 Needling: ⊥ 0.5-1 cun
ST-44 nei ting 内庭
Ying-Spring (Water) Point荥穴，属水
Between second and third toes, 0.5 cun proximal to margin of web Needling: ⊥ 0.5-1 cun
足背，第 2、3 趾间，趾蹼缘后方赤白肉际处。
FUNCTIONS功效
Clears heat from Stomach channel and alleviates pain 清胃泻火，理气止痛
Harmonizes the intestines and clears damp-heat 和肠化湿
Calms the spirit 安神定志
INDICATIONS症状
toothache, pain of the lower teeth, pain of the upper teeth, eye pain, face pain, deviation of mouth
牙痛（尤其是下齿痛，因为胃经入下齿）、上齿痛、目痛、面痛、口角歪斜（面瘫）
Abdominal pain, borborygmus, diarrhea, blood in the stool, constipation
腹痛，肠鸣，泄泻，便血，便秘
counterflow cold: hands and feet are cold, body is warm (false cold with true heat)
厥逆 (Counterflow cold): 表现为手足冰冷但体温高（中医称为“真热假寒”）
aversion to the sound of people talking, desire for silence
恶闻人声、嗜静
pain and swelling of the foot 足背肿痛
ST-45 li dui
Jing-Well (Metal) Point Lateral side of second toe, corner of nail Needling: ⊥ 0.1-2 cun, prick to bleed
St41 to st-45 clear heat from face
Swelling in face
Toothache tooth decay
Nosebleed
