Lesson 59 Collecting
停更了一天,抱歉啦!希望大家一起继续坚持!!!加油加油
课文:
1.人们往往喜欢收藏东西,有时并没有意识到自己在这样做。
People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so.
2.确实,当他们发现自己不知道自己拥有的有用之物时,可能会得到一个惊喜。
Indeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned.
3.那些从不需要搬家的人变成了毫无选择的杂物收藏家。
Those who never have to move house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter.
4.他们把不需要的东西留在抽屉、橱柜和阁楼里多年,相信自己也许有一天会需要这些东西。
They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that they may one day need just those very things.
5.随着年龄的增长,人们收藏物品还有另外两个原因:缺乏体力和精力(这两者在清理和扔掉东西时是必不可少的)以及情感因素。
As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons: lack of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away, and sentiment.
6.拥有很长时间的东西充满着与过去的联系,也许与逝去的亲人有关,于是这些东西逐渐获得了超出其实际价值的价值。
Things owned for a long time are full of associations with the past, perhaps with relatives who are dead, and so they gradually acquire a value beyond their true worth.
7.在家里人们会有意地收藏一些东西以避免浪费。
Some things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste.
8.在这些东西当中我想把细绳和牛皮纸列进去,节俭的人在打开包裹后便把它们留下来,省得再去买这两样必需品。
Among these I would list string and brown paper, kept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened, to save buying these two requisites.
9.收集小物品很容易成为一种癖好。
Collecting small items can easily become a mania.
10.我认识一个人,她总是从报纸上剪下时装式样的素描,要是她有钱的话就会去买这些时装。
I know someone who always cuts sketches out from newspapers of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had the money.
11.由于她并不富裕,她能买得起这些时装的可能性很小;但她又没有足够坚强的意志来停止这种做法。
As she is not rich, the chances that she will ever be able to afford such purchases are remote; but she is never sufficiently strong-minded to be able to stop the practice.
12.这是一种无害的习惯,但是它把她的书桌弄得乱七八糟,以至于每次她打开书桌时,纸片就到处乱飞。
It is a harmless habit, but it litters up her desk to such an extent that every time she opens it, loose bits of paper fall out in every direction.
13.作为一种严肃的业余爱好的收藏活动完全是另外一回事,它具有许多益处。
Collecting as a serious hobby is quite different and has many advantages.
14.人们不必走到户外去寻求娱乐,因为收藏品都是存放在家中。
It provides relaxation for leisure hours, as one does not need to go out to find amusement.
15.不管收藏品是什么,邮票、唱片、头版书籍、瓷器、玻璃杯、老式家具、绘画、模型汽车、鸟类标本,还是玩具动物,从为新增添的收藏品寻找摆放位置到核对分类目录,总归有事可做。
Whatever it consists of—stamps, records, first editions of books, china, glass, antique furniture, pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals—there is always something to do, from finding a place for a new addition to checking and rechecking catalogues.
16.这种爱好不仅能使人从选择的专题中受到教育,而且也能从与之有关的一些事物中获得长进。
This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.
17.除此之外,还有其他的益处。
There are other advantages too.
18.收藏者要会见情趣相投的收藏者,以获取教益、交流经验、交换收藏品、炫耀自己的最新收藏。
Collectors meet like-minded people, gain knowledge, exchange experiences, swap items, and show off their latest acquisitions.
19.朋友的圈子就这样不断扩大。
In this way, their circle of friends grows.
20.用不了多久,有这种爱好的人便开始旅行,也许是去另一个城市参加会议,也可能是出国寻找一件珍品,因为收藏家是不分国籍的。
Soon the hobby leads to travel, perhaps to a meeting in another town, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to any one country.
21.一人积了多年经验会成为自己这种爱好的权威,很可能应邀在小型集会上作非正式的讲话。
Over the years, one may well become an authority on one’s hobby and will very probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings.
22.如果讲得好,就可能受到鼓励,去作正式演讲,甚至为出版物写文章。
If successful, these talks may be encouraged to give formal lectures or even to write articles for publication.
23.收藏活动通过富有建设性地利用业余时间,使人感到心满意足,无暇无聊。
Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.
课文分析:
1
英文:People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so.
1.句子类型:简单句
2.核心结构:主谓宾 + 介词短语作伴随状语(People + tend to amass + possessions , without…)
3.语法要点:
·tend to do sth 固定搭配:倾向于做某事
·without 介词后接动名词短语 being aware of…
·be aware of doing sth 意识到做某事;doing so 代指 amass possessions
4.释义:人们往往会积攒物品,有时却意识不到自己在这么做。
中文翻译:人们往往喜欢收藏东西,有时并没有意识到自己在这样做。
2
英文:Indeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned.
1.句子类型:复合句(时间状语从句 + 定语从句 + 宾语从句)
2.核心结构:主句 (they can have…) + when 时间从句 + which 定语从句 + 宾语从句
3.语法要点:
·when 引导时间状语从句;
·something useful:形容词后置修饰不定代词;
·which 限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 something;
·know 后接省略 that 的宾语从句 they owned
4.释义:确实,当人们发现一些自己全然遗忘、却仍拥有的有用物件时,会收获一份惊喜。
中文翻译:确实,当他们发现自己不知道自己拥有的有用之物时,可能会得到一个惊喜。
3
英文:Those who never have to move house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter.
1.句子类型:复合句(定语从句 + 宾语从句)
2.核心结构:主语 (Those) + who 定语从句 + 系表结构 (become collectors) + of 介词宾语从句
3.语法要点:
·who 引导定语从句,修饰代词 Those;
·have to do 情态短语:不得不 / 必须;
·what 引导宾语从句,作介词 of 的宾语;
·be described as 被描述为……
4.释义:那些永远不必搬家的人,会变成杂乱杂物的无差别收藏者。
中文翻译:那些从不需要搬家的人变成了毫无选择的杂物收藏家。
4
英文:They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that they may one day need just those very things.
1.句子类型:复合句(同位语从句)
2.核心结构:主谓宾 + 地点状语 + 时间状语 + in the belief that… 同位语从句
3.语法要点:
·leave + 宾语 + 地点状语:把某物放置在某处;
·in the belief that… 固定结构:怀揣…… 的想法;
·that 引导同位语从句,解释说明 belief 内容;
·very 形容词加强语气:正是、恰恰
4.释义:他们将闲置杂物长年堆放在抽屉、橱柜与阁楼中,坚信某天恰好会用到这些东西。
中文翻译:他们把不需要的东西留在抽屉、橱柜和阁楼里多年,相信自己也许有一天会需要这些东西。
5
英文:As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons: lack of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away, and sentiment.
1.句子类型:复合句(原因状语从句 + 非限制性定语从句)
2.核心结构:As 原因从句 + 主句 (people accumulate…) + 并列原因 + both of which 定语从句
3.语法要点:
·As 引导原因状语从句:随着 / 由于;
·both of which 非限制性定语从句,指代前文两个并列名词;
·be essential in doing sth 在做某事方面必不可少;
·turn out 固定短语:清理、翻找
4.释义:随着年岁增长,人们囤积物品还有另外两个原因:身心精力匮乏(而清理丢弃物品正需要这些精力),以及情感怀旧。
中文翻译:随着年龄的增长,人们收藏物品还有另外两个原因:缺乏体力和精力(这两者在清理和扔掉东西时是必不可少的)以及情感因素。
6
英文:Things owned for a long time are full of associations with the past, perhaps with relatives who are dead, and so they gradually acquire a value beyond their true worth.
1.句子类型:并列复合句(定语从句 + 并列句)
2.核心结构:过去分词作定语 (Things owned…) + 系表结构 + who 定语从句 + and so 并列结果句
3.语法要点:
·owned for a long time 过去分词后置定语,表被动与完成;
·be full of associations with 充满…… 的联系;
·who 定语从句修饰 relatives;
·beyond 介词:超出(抽象含义)
4.释义:长久留存的物件承载着过往的回忆,或许还联结着逝去的亲人,因此慢慢拥有了超出本身实际价值的意义。
中文翻译:拥有很长时间的东西充满着与过去的联系,也许与逝去的亲人有关,于是这些东西逐渐获得了超出其实际价值的价值。
7
英文:Some things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste.
1.句子类型:简单句(被动语态)
2.核心结构:被动主谓 (Some things are collected) + 地点状语 + 目的状语
3.语法要点:
·一般现在时被动语态:be done;
·deliberately 副词作状语:刻意地;
·in an attempt to do 固定目的短语:力求 / 试图做某事
4.释义:在家中,人们会刻意留存一些物品,力求避免浪费。
中文翻译:在家里人们会有意地收藏一些东西以避免浪费。
8
英文:Among these I would list string and brown paper, kept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened, to save buying these two requisites.
1.句子类型:复合句(倒装 + 时间状语从句 + 过去分词定语)
2.核心结构:地点状语前置倒装 (Among these I would list…) + 过去分词后置定语 + when 时间从句 + 目的状语
3.语法要点:
·地点状语前置,主谓正常语序,非完全倒装;
·kept by… 过去分词作后置定语,修饰 string and brown paper;
·save doing sth 固定搭配:省去做某事;
·现在完成时被动 has been opened
4.释义:细绳与牛皮纸便在此列,节俭之人拆开包裹后会特意收好,免得再额外购置这两样必需品。
中文翻译:在这些东西当中我想把细绳和牛皮纸列进去,节俭的人在打开包裹后便把它们留下来,省得再去买这两样必需品。
9
英文:Collecting small items can easily become a mania.
1.句子类型:简单句
2.核心结构:动名词短语作主语 (Collecting…) + 系表结构
3.语法要点:
·动名词短语作单数主语,谓语动词用单数;
·easily 副词修饰动词 become;
·mania 名词:癖好、狂热
4.释义:收集零碎小物件,很容易演变成一种执念与癖好。
中文翻译:收集小物品很容易成为一种癖好。
10
英文:I know someone who always cuts sketches out from newspapers of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had the money.
1.句子类型:多层复合句(定语从句 + 宾语从句 + 条件状语从句)
2.核心结构:主句 (I know someone) + who 定语从句 + that 定语从句 + if 虚拟条件从句
3.语法要点:
·who 定语从句修饰 someone;that 定语从句修饰 model clothes;
·cut out 固定短语:剪下、裁剪;
·if 引导虚拟语气(与现在事实相反):had 虚拟过去式
4.释义:我认识一个人,总从报纸上剪下时装图样,那都是她有钱就想买的款式。
中文翻译:我认识一个人,她总是从报纸上剪下时装式样的素描,要是她有钱的话就会去买这些时装。
11
英文:As she is not rich, the chances that she will ever be able to afford such purchases are remote; but she is never sufficiently strong-minded to be able to stop the practice.
1.句子类型:并列复合句(原因状语从句 + 同位语从句 + 并列句)
2.核心结构:As 原因从句 + 主句 (chances are remote) + that 同位语从句 + but 转折并列句
3.语法要点:
·As 引导原因状语从句;
·that 同位语从句解释 chances;
·be remote (机会)渺茫;
·sufficiently + adj. + to do 足够…… 去做某事
4.释义:她家境普通,买下这些服饰的概率微乎其微,却始终没有足够的自制力戒掉这个习惯。
中文翻译:由于她并不富裕,她能买得起这些时装的可能性很小;但她又没有足够坚强的意志来停止这种做法。
12
英文:It is a harmless habit, but it litters up her desk to such an extent that every time she opens it, loose bits of paper fall out in every direction.
1.句子类型:并列复合句(结果状语从句 + 时间状语从句)
2.核心结构:but 并列句 + such…that… 结果状语从句 + every time 引导时间从句
3.语法要点:
·litter up 固定短语:堆满、杂乱不堪;
·to such an extent that 固定结构:达到如此程度以至于……;
·every time 连词化用法,引导时间状语从句
4.释义:这个习惯并无害处,却把书桌堆得杂乱不堪,每次一开抽屉,碎纸片就四处散落。
中文翻译:这是一种无害的习惯,但是它把她的书桌弄得乱七八糟,以至于每次她打开书桌时,纸片就到处乱飞。
13
英文:Collecting as a serious hobby is quite different and has many advantages.
1.句子类型:简单句
2.核心结构:动名词主语 + 并列谓语 (is different and has advantages)
3.语法要点:
·as a serious hobby 介词短语作后置定语;
·并列谓语共用单个主语;
·advantage 可数名词:益处、优势
4.释义:将收藏作为正经爱好则截然不同,且益处良多。
中文翻译:作为一种严肃的业余爱好的收藏活动完全是另外一回事,它具有许多益处。
14
英文:It provides relaxation for leisure hours, as one does not need to go out to find amusement.
1.句子类型:复合句(原因状语从句)
2.核心结构:主句 (It provides relaxation) + as 原因状语从句 + 目的状语 to find…
3.语法要点:
·provide sth for sb/sth 固定搭配:为…… 提供;
·as 引导原因状语从句,语气委婉;
·不定式 to find 作目的状语
4.释义:收藏能充实闲暇时光、舒缓身心,人们不必外出寻觅消遣方式。
中文翻译:人们不必走到户外去寻求娱乐,因为收藏品都是存放在家中。
15
英文:Whatever it consists of—stamps, records, first editions of books, china, glass, antique furniture, pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals—there is always something to do, from finding a place for a new addition to checking and rechecking catalogues.
1.句子类型:复合句(让步状语从句)
2.核心结构:whatever 让步从句 + there be 存在句 + from…to… 范围状语
3.语法要点:
·whatever 引导让步状语从句:无论……;
·consist of 固定短语:由…… 组成;
·from A to B 并列范围结构;
·不定式 to do 后置修饰 something
4.释义:无论收藏何物 —— 邮票、唱片、绝版书籍、瓷器、玻璃器皿、古董家具、画作、汽车模型、鸟类标本或是玩偶 —— 收藏者总有事可做,从收纳新品到反复核对目录皆是如此。
中文翻译:不管收藏品是什么,邮票、唱片、头版书籍、瓷器、玻璃杯、老式家具、绘画、模型汽车、鸟类标本,还是玩具动物,从为新增添的收藏品寻找摆放位置到核对分类目录,总归有事可做。
16
英文:This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.
1.句子类型:复合句(定语从句)
2.核心结构:主谓宾 + not only…but also… 并列状语 + which 定语从句
3.语法要点:
·not only…but also… 并列结构;
·educate sb in sth 在某方面教导、熏陶某人;
·have a bearing on 固定短语:与…… 有关、对…… 有影响
4.释义:这项爱好不仅能让人精通收藏领域,还能了解各类相关常识与周边知识。
中文翻译:这种爱好不仅能使人从选择的专题中受到教育,而且也能从与之有关的一些事物中获得长进。
17
英文:There are other advantages too.
1.句子类型:简单句(存在句)
2.核心结构:there be 基础句型
3.语法要点:
·there be 就近原则;
·too 副词置于句末,表肯定递进
4.释义:除此之外,收藏还有其他优势。
中文翻译:除此之外,还有其他的益处。
18
英文:Collectors meet like-minded people, gain knowledge, exchange experiences, swap items, and show off their latest acquisitions.
1.句子类型:简单句
2.核心结构:主语 + 五个并列谓语动词
3.语法要点:
·like-minded 合成形容词:志同道合的;
·多个动词并列,最后一个前加 and;
·acquisition 书面名词:收藏品、收获之物
4.释义:收藏者结识同好、增长见闻、交流经验、互换藏品,并分享自己最新的收藏成果。
中文翻译:收藏者要会见情趣相投的收藏者,以获取教益、交流经验、交换收藏品、炫耀自己的最新收藏。
19
英文:In this way, their circle of friends grows.
1.句子类型:简单句
2.核心结构:方式状语 + 主谓结构
3.语法要点:
·in this way 方式状语:久而久之、通过这种方式;
·circle of friends 固定搭配:社交圈、朋友圈
4.释义:长此以往,他们的社交圈子会不断拓宽。
中文翻译:朋友的圈子就这样不断扩大。
20
英文:Soon the hobby leads to travel, perhaps to a meeting in another town, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to any one country.
1.句子类型:并列复合句(原因并列句)
2.核心结构:主句 + 并列补充状语 + for 引导原因并列分句
3.语法要点:
·lead to 固定短语:导致、促成;
·in search of 介词短语:寻找、搜寻;
·for 并列连词,补充说明原因;
·be confined to 局限于……
4.释义:这份爱好还会促成出行,或是赴异地集会,或是远赴海外寻觅珍稀藏品,因为收藏本就无国界之分。
中文翻译:用不了多久,有这种爱好的人便开始旅行,也许是去另一个城市参加会议,也可能是出国寻找一件珍品,因为收藏家是不分国籍的。
21
英文:Over the years, one may well become an authority on one’s hobby and will very probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings.
1.句子类型:简单句(被动语态 + 并列谓语)
2.核心结构:时间状语 + 主谓并列结构 + 被动语态 (be asked to do)
3.语法要点:
·over the years 多年以来;
·may well do 固定搭配:很有可能、理应;
·an authority on sth 某领域的权威;
·be asked to do 被动不定式结构
4.释义:日积月累之下,收藏者会成为该领域的行家,常常受邀在小型聚会中做分享交流。
中文翻译:一人积了多年经验会成为自己这种爱好的权威,很可能应邀在小型集会上作非正式的讲话。
22
英文:If successful, these talks may be encouraged to give formal lectures or even to write articles for publication.
1.句子类型:省略式复合句(条件状语从句省略)
2.核心结构:if 省略条件状语 + 被动主谓 + 并列不定式
3.语法要点:
·If (they are) successful 状语从句省略主语 + be 动词;
·be encouraged to do 被动结构:受到鼓励去做;
·or even 递进连接词:乃至、甚至
4.释义:若是分享反响良好,他们还会受邀开展正式讲座,甚至为刊物撰稿。
中文翻译:如果讲得好,就可能受到鼓励,去作正式演讲,甚至为出版物写文章。
23
英文:Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.
1.句子类型:简单句
2.核心结构:动名词主语 + 插入方式状语 + 主谓宾补 + 伴随状语
3.语法要点:
·by doing 方式状语:通过做某事;
·constructively 副词:建设性地、有益地;
·make + 宾语 + 形容词宾补;
·with 独立伴随结构
4.释义:收藏以充实且有益的方式填满闲暇,让人内心充实满足,终日远离无聊乏味。
中文翻译:收藏活动通过富有建设性地利用业余时间,使人感到心满意足,无暇无聊。
词汇:
一、核心词汇
- amass /əˈmæs/vt. 积累;积聚(财物、物品)
语境:侧重长期、大量囤积,区别普通 accumulate
拓展:amass possessions 积攒物品;amass wealth 聚敛财富
- possession /pəˈzeʃn/n. 私人物品;财产(复数 possessions)
搭配:personal possessions 个人财物;in possession of 拥有
- indiscriminate /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/adj. 不加选择的;杂乱无章的
词根:in - 否定 + discriminate 区分
语境:indiscriminate collectors 无差别胡乱收藏的人
- clutter /ˈklʌtə/n. 杂乱杂物;凌乱不堪 vt. 堆满杂物
固定:clutter up 堆满、乱堆
- sentiment /ˈsentɪmənt/n. 怀旧之情;情感;情愫
辨析:emotion 情绪;sentiment 偏感性怀旧、温情
- deliberately /dɪˈlɪbərətli/adv. 刻意地;蓄意地
形容词:deliberate 故意的,深思熟虑的
- thrifty /ˈθrɪfti/adj. 节俭的;精打细算的(褒义)
辨析:stingy 吝啬的(贬义);economical 经济节约的
- requisite /ˈrekwɪzɪt/n. 必需品 adj. 必要的
高阶替换:代替 necessity /daily need
- mania /ˈmeɪniə/n. 狂热;癖好;痴迷
搭配:collecting mania 收藏癖;have a mania for 痴迷于……
- sketch /sketʃ/n. 草图;速写;图样 vt. 勾画
课文:fashion sketches 时装图样
- remote /rɪˈməʊt/adj. 渺茫的;遥远的
高频:remote chances 渺茫的机会;remote future 遥远未来
- strong-minded /ˌstrɒŋ ˈmaɪndɪd/adj. 意志坚定的;有主见的
- litter /ˈlɪtə/vt. 杂乱堆放 n. 垃圾
课文核心:litter up 把……弄得杂乱
- antique /ænˈtiːk/adj. 古董的 n. 古董文物
- acquisition /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/n. 收藏品;新增之物;习得
高阶:latest acquisitions 最新藏品
- confine /kənˈfaɪn/vt. 限制;局限于
必背:be confined to 被局限在……
- authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/n. 权威;专家;当局
固定:an authority on sth 某方面的权威
- constructively /kənˈstrʌktɪvli/adv. 有建设性地;有益地
- contented /kənˈtentɪd/adj. 满足的;心满意足的
辨析:content 短暂满足;contented 长期内心安稳满足
二、课文高级固定搭配
- be aware of doing sth意识到做某事
原句:without being aware of doing so
用法:介词后接动名词,雅思 / 写作高频加分结构
- in the belief that + 同位语从句坚信;怀着…… 的想法
原句:in the belief that they may one day need…
功能:万能状语结构,替换简单句 because 从句
- lack of physical and mental energy身心精力匮乏
写作:抽象名词短语,书面正式表达,优于 be tired
- both of which + 定语从句二者都……
原句:both of which are essential…
语法:非限制性定语从句,高分长难句标配
- turn out and throw away清理并丢弃
熟词僻义:turn out 此处 = 清理、翻箱整理,非 “结果是”
- be full of associations with充满与…… 的回忆 / 联系
情感类写作万能搭配:用于怀旧、故乡、旧物话题
- in an attempt to do sth试图 / 力求做某事(表目的)
替换:in order to do(低级)→ in an attempt to do(高级)
- cut sth out from…从…… 剪下 / 裁下某物
- to such an extent that + 结果状语从句
达到如此程度以至于……
高阶结果句型,替代 so…that…
- have a bearing on sth与…… 有关;对…… 产生影响
学术 / 议论文黄金搭配,替换 be related to
- like-minded people志同道合的人
社交、爱好类作文高频短语
- lead to travel /lead to + 抽象名词促成;引发;导致
- in search of a rare specimen寻觅珍稀藏品
in search of 介词短语作目的状语,高级无灵主语用法
- may well do sth很有可能做某事
情态动词高阶搭配,语气客观委婉
- occupy spare time constructively建设性地利用业余时间
课余生活、爱好类写作满分模板短语
三、拓展高频搭配
1. 收藏 & 物品类拓展
- accumulate belongings 积攒私人物品
- beyond their true worth 远超实际价值
- practical value 实用价值
- emotional value 情感价值
- household items 家居杂物
- personal belongings 个人随身物品
2. 因果 & 程度高阶短语
- to a large extent 在很大程度上
- to some extent 在某种程度上
- on account of sentiment 由于情感因素
- as a result of 由于(书面)
3. 性格 & 习惯描述搭配
- form a harmless habit 养成无害的小习惯
- resist the practice 克制某种行为
- self-disciplined 自律的
- stick to a hobby 坚持一项爱好
4. 爱好与社交通用拓展
- broaden one’s circle of friends 拓宽朋友圈
- exchange collections 互换藏品
- gain profound knowledge 收获深厚知识
- cultural exchange 文化交流
5. 书面万能分词 / 介词结构
- things owned for a long time 长期持有的物品(过去分词作定语)
- by doing sth 通过某种方式(方式状语)
- with no time for boredom 无暇无聊(with 伴随结构)
四、重点语法 & 词汇用法深度补充
- very 形容词特殊用法
课文:those very things
解析:very 置于名词前加强语气,意为「正是、恰恰」,高阶用法。
- 不定代词 + 形容词后置
something useful /nothing new
规则:不定代词 something/anything/nothing 后,形容词必须后置。
- what 引导介词宾语从句
collectors of what can only be described as clutter
解析:what=the thing which,作介词 of 宾语,名词性从句高分结构。
- 独立主格 & 省略结构
If successful = If they are successful
状语从句省略:主从句主语一致 + 含be 动词,可直接省略。
- 动名词作主语
Collecting… is /has…
规则:动名词、不定式作单数主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
长难句:
长难句 1
原句:Indeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned.
语法拆解
- 主句:they can have a delightful surprise(主谓宾)
- 时间状语从句:when they find something useful
- 定语从句:which they did not know修饰先行词 something useful
- 嵌套宾语从句:(that) they owned,作 know 的宾语
核心难点
- 多层从句嵌套:时间从句 + 定语从句 + 宾语从句,层层包裹;
- 形容词后置:something useful ✅不定代词后形容词必须后置;
- 定语从句分隔修饰:which 不就近修饰 useful,而是修饰不定代词 something。
必记注意点
- 不定代词(something/anything/nothing)+ 形容词,形容词后置,写作高频易错;
- 定语从句中嵌套宾语从句,省略引导词 that 是常态;
- 阅读断句技巧:看到 when 先切主句 / 从句,看到 which 锁定修饰对象。
翻译
确实,当他们发现一些自己都不知道曾拥有的有用之物时,会收获一份惊喜。
长难句 2
原句:Those who never have to move house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter.
语法拆解
- 主句主干:Those become indiscriminate collectors(主系表)
- 限制性定语从句:who never have to move house,修饰主语 Those
- 介词宾语从句:what can only be described as clutter
✅ what = the things which,整体作介词 of 的宾语
核心难点
- who 修饰指人代词 those,高频高阶用法;
- what 引导名词性从句,不作疑问词,表 “…… 的事物”;
- 长定语后置堆叠:collectors of + 从句,书面正式句式。
必记注意点
- of + what从句是写作加分结构,替换简单名词;
- be described as 固定被动搭配:被称作 / 被描述为;
- those 单独指代人,后面必须接定语从句限定,不能单独裸用。
翻译
那些从不需要搬家的人,成了只会胡乱囤积杂物的收藏者。
长难句 3
原句:They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that they may one day need just those very things.
语法拆解
- 主句:They leave unwanted objects(主谓宾 + 地点 + 时间状语)
- 伴随状语短语:in the belief that…
- 同位语从句:that they may one day need…
用来解释说明 belief 的具体内容,不充当句子成分
核心难点
- 同位语从句 vs 定语从句
that 只起连接、不做成分 = 同位语从句;
that 做主 / 宾= 定语从句;
- very 形容词特殊加强语气:those very things 正是那些东西。
必记注意点
- in the belief that… 万能替换 because,议论文高级原因表达;
- 抽象名词(belief/idea/fact/news)后常接同位语从句;
- very 除副词 “非常”,可作形容词放名词前:恰恰、正是。
翻译
他们把闲置杂物常年堆放于抽屉、橱柜和阁楼中,坚信总有一天会正好用到这些东西。
长难句 4
原句:As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons: lack of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away, and sentiment.
语法拆解
- 原因 / 时间状语从句:As they grow old 随着 / 由于
- 主句:people also accumulate belongings
- 并列名词:two reasons = lack of… + sentiment
- 非限制性定语从句:both of which are essential…
which 指代前面并列两件事物:physical and mental energy
核心难点
- 不定代词 + 介词 + 关系代词结构:both of which /all of which;
- 插入式定语从句割裂句子主干,阅读易读断;
- 熟词僻义:turn out 此处 = 清理、翻找,而非 “结果证明”。
必记注意点
- 非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开,不能用 that,只能用 which;
- be essential in doing sth 在做某事方面必不可少;
- 冒号后为并列补充说明,梳理句子要先抓主干,再看补充成分。
翻译
随着日渐老去,人们囤积物品还有另外两个原因:身心精力的衰退(而清理和丢弃物品正需要这些精力),以及情感怀旧。
长难句 5
原句:It is a harmless habit, but it litters up her desk to such an extent that every time she opens it, loose bits of paper fall out in every direction.
语法拆解
- 并列句:but 连接两个简单句
- 结果状语从句核心结构:to such an extent that… 如此…… 以至于……
- 时间连词从句:every time she opens it
✅ every time 转化为连词,引导时间状语从句
核心难点
- such an extent that 高阶结果句型,替换低级 so…that…;
- 名词短语充当连词:every time /each time /the moment;
- 长状语叠加,句子逻辑层层递进。
必记注意点
- 写作升级:尽量用to such an extent that 替代 so that;
- every time 后面直接加完整从句,无需再加 when;
- litter up 固定搭配:把…… 弄得凌乱不堪。
翻译
这是一个无伤大雅的习惯,却把她的书桌弄得乱七八糟,以至于每次打开抽屉,零碎纸片就四处散落。
长难句 6
原句:Whatever it consists of—stamps, records, first editions of books, china, glass, antique furniture—there is always something to do, from finding a place for a new addition to checking and rechecking catalogues.
语法拆解
- 让步状语从句:Whatever it consists of 无论它由什么组成
- 主句:there is always something to do(there be 句型)
- 后置定语:something to do 不定式修饰不定代词
- 范围介词短语:from A to B 作补充状语
核心难点
- whatever 引导让步从句 = no matter what;
- 破折号中间为插入举例成分,阅读时可先跳过抓主干;
- from doing A to doing B 平行结构,前后格式必须一致。
必记注意点
- 让步从句高频:whatever/whoever/wherever 可直接引导从句;
- 插入语(破折号 / 逗号隔开)不影响主句语法结构;
- 平行结构语法严谨:前后都要用动名词 doing 形式。
翻译
无论收藏的是什么 —— 邮票、唱片、绝版书籍、瓷器、玻璃器皿、古董家具 —— 收藏者总有事可做,从为新藏品安置位置到反复核对目录。
长难句 7
原句:This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.
语法拆解
- 主句主干:This hobby educates one
- 并列介词短语:not only in… but also in…
- 限制性定语从句:which have some bearing on it,修饰 general matters
核心难点
- not only…but also 并列对称结构,介词 in 必须重复保持平行;
- 高级固定短语:have a bearing on = be related to 与…… 相关;
- one 泛指 “人”,书面正式用法,替代 people。
必记注意点
- 并列结构前后介词、词性、格式必须严格对称,语法扣分重灾区;
- have a bearing on 写作高频替换基础词汇,提升文采;
- 泛指代词 one 多用于正式书面文,口语少用。
翻译
这项爱好不仅能使人精通所选的收藏领域,还能了解诸多与之相关的常识。
长难句 8
原句:Soon the hobby leads to travel, perhaps to a meeting in another town, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to any one country.
语法拆解
- 主句:the hobby leads to travel
- 并列补充状语:perhaps to… , possibly a trip…
- 并列连词 for 引导原因分句,补充说明理由
核心难点
- for 表原因:并列连词,不能放句首,语气弱于 because;
- in search of 介词短语作后置目的状语;
- 多个并列名词短语堆叠,句式舒展,是经典书面长句。
必记注意点
- for 表原因只能句中使用,前面加逗号;
- be confined to 固定被动:被限制于……;
- 多个举例并列,后两者可省略重复动词,精简句式。
翻译
不久之后,这份爱好便会让人踏上旅途,或是去往他乡参会,或是远赴海外寻觅珍稀藏品,因为收藏家从不局限于某一个国家。
句型:
句型 1
✅课文原句
People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so.
✅万能句型公式
Sb tend to do A, sometimes without being aware of doing so.
✅替换套用逻辑
tend to do(往往会)+ 核心行为 A + without being aware of…(无意识)
可替换主题:拖延、熬夜、浪费时间、沉迷手机、过度消费
✅作文仿写
Young people tend to waste time online, sometimes without being aware of doing so.
✅仿写翻译
年轻人往往会浪费时间上网,有时并没有意识到自己在这样做。
句型 2
✅课文原句
They leave unwanted objects for years, in the belief that they may one day need them.
✅万能句型公式
Sb keep/collect A for a long time, in the belief that they may one day need them.
✅替换套用逻辑
替换宾语 A:旧物、资料、物资、碎片化知识;
in the belief that高级替换 because,用于观点类、生活类作文
✅作文仿写
Many people keep old books for years, in the belief that they may one day make use of them.
✅仿写翻译
许多人常年留存旧书,坚信总有一天会派上用场。
句型 3
✅课文原句
It is a harmless habit, but it litters up one’s life to such an extent that daily efficiency is affected.
✅万能句型公式
It is a harmless habit, but it affects sth to such an extent that + 完整结果从句.
✅替换套用逻辑
中性习惯 / 爱好通用;
to such an extent that高阶结果句型,碾压低级 so…that
✅作文仿写
It is a harmless hobby, but it occupies spare time to such an extent that students neglect their study.
✅仿写翻译
这是一种无害的爱好,但它占用业余时间过多,以至于学生忽视了学业。
句型 4
✅课文原句
This hobby educates one not only in the chosen field but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.
✅万能句型公式
Sth benefits one not only in A but also in B which have some bearing on it.
✅替换套用逻辑
适用:阅读、运动、旅行、兴趣爱好、课外学习类话题;
not only…but also 对称结构 + 定语从句,复合句加分
✅作文仿写
Reading benefits us not only in vocabulary expansion but also in critical thinking which have some bearing on personal growth.
✅仿写翻译
阅读不仅有助于词汇积累,还能锻炼批判性思维,这对个人成长至关重要。
句型 5
✅课文原句
Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.
✅万能句型公式
Doing sth, by occupying spare time constructively, makes people contented, with no time for negative emotions.
✅替换套用逻辑
动名词开头万能;by doing 方式状语;适合爱好、运动、自律、时间管理话题
✅作文仿写
Exercising regularly, by occupying spare time constructively, makes people relaxed, with no time for anxiety.
✅仿写翻译
规律运动以有益的方式利用闲暇,使人身心放松,无暇陷入焦虑。