lesson40 Waves
课文:
1. Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity.
中文:海浪是大海和空气相斗的产物,一种象征永恒的生动体现。
- 句子类型
- 核心语法
- 句子结构:主语 (Waves) + 系动词 (are) + 表语 (the children) + 后置定语 (of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere) + 同位语 (the ongoing signatures of infinity)(the ongoing signatures of infinity 作 the children 的同位语,补充说明海浪的属性)
2. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life.
中文:太阳光刺激了地球的大气层,并赋予它能量;阳光使空气开始流动,产生节奏,获得生命。
- 句子类型
- 核心语法:现在分词短语作伴随状语;并列谓语;介词短语作后置定语;不定式短语作宾语补足语
- 句子结构:主语 (Rays) + 后置定语 (from the sun) + 并列谓语 (excite and energize) + 宾语 (the atmosphere of the earth) + 伴随状语 (awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life)(awakening 表伴随,it 指代 the atmosphere;多个不定式并列作 awake 的宾补)
3. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea
中文:然后,风把太阳的信息带给了大海
- 句子类型
- 核心语法
- 句子结构:主语 (The wind) + 状语 (then) + 谓语 (speaks) + 直接宾语 (the message of the sun) + 间接宾语 (to the sea)(speak sth. to sb./sth. 为固定搭配,表 “把某事传递给某人 / 某物”)
4. and the sea transmits it on through waves--an ancient, exquisite powerful message.
中文:海洋用波浪的形式传递这个信息 —— 一个源远流长、高雅而有力的信息。
- 句子类型:并列简单句(与前一句由 and 连接,主谓宾结构)
- 核心语法:破折号后名词短语作同位语;代词指代;介词短语作方式状语
- 句子结构:并列连词 (and) + 主语 (the sea) + 谓语 (transmits) + 宾语 (it) + 状语 (on through waves) + 同位语 (an ancient, exquisite powerful message)(it 指代前一句的 the message;on 为副词,表 “继续”,修饰 transmit)
5. These ocean waves are among the earth's most complicated natural phenomena.
中文:这些海浪属于地球上最复杂的自然现象。
- 句子类型
- 核心语法
- 句子结构:主语 (These ocean waves) + 系动词 (are) + 表语 (among the earth's most complicated natural phenomena)
6. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave),
中文:他们的基本特征包括浪峰(波浪的最高点)、
- 句子类型
- 核心语法
- 句子结构:主语 (The basic features) + 谓语 (include) + 宾语 (a crest) + 同位语 (the highest point of the wave)
7. a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest),
中文:波谷(最低点)、浪高(从波谷到浪峰的垂直距离)、
- 句子类型:省略句(承前省略谓语 include,与前句为并列宾语)
- 核心语法
- 句子结构:省略谓语 (include) + 并列宾语 (a trough /a height) + 各宾语对应的同位语
8. a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests),
中文:波长(两个浪峰间的水平距离)、
- 句子类型
- 核心语法
- 句子结构:省略谓语 + 并列宾语 (a wave length) + 同位语
9. and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).
中文:和周期(浪峰走过一个波长所需的时间)。
- 句子类型:复合句(主句为省略句,承前省谓语;定语从句嵌套)
- 核心语法:定语从句;形式主语 it(从句内);不定式作真正主语
- 句子结构:并列连词 (and) + 省略谓语 (include) + 并列宾语 (a period) + 定语从句 (which is the time) + 定语从句 (it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length)(第一个 which 引导定语从句修饰 a period;第二个从句中 it 为形式主语,真正主语是 to travel one wave length)
10. Although an ocean wave give the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction,
中文:虽然,海浪给人的印象是一堵由水组成的墙向你压过来,
- 句子类型
- 核心语法:Although 引导让步状语从句;现在分词短语作后置定语;介词短语作状语
- 句子结构:从属连词 (Although) + 主语 (an ocean wave) + 谓语 (give) + 宾语 (the impression) + 后置定语 (of a wall of water) + 后置定语 (moving in your direction)(注:原文此处应为 gives,第三人称单数形式;moving 修饰 a wall of water)
11. in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was.
中文:而实际上,浪从水中移过,而水则留在原处。
- 句子类型
- 核心语法:where 引导宾语从句;现在分词短语作结果状语;介词短语作状语
- 句子结构:状语 (in actuality) + 主句 (主语 (waves) + 谓语 (move) + 状语 (through the water)) + 结果状语 (leaving the water about) + 宾语从句 (where it was)(leaving 表浪移动带来的结果;it 指代 the water)
12. If the water was moving with the wave,
中文:如果浪和水一起移动的话,
- 句子类型
- 核心语法:If 引导虚拟条件状语从句(表与事实相反的假设);介词短语作状语
- 句子结构:从属连词 (If) + 主语 (the water) + 谓语 (was moving) + 状语 (with the wave)
13. the ocean and everything on it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.
中文:那么大海和海里所有的东西就会向岸边疾涌而来,带来明显的灾难性的后果。
- 句子类型
- 核心语法:虚拟语气(与现在事实相反,would + 动词原形);并列主语;介词短语作后置定语 / 状语
- 句子结构:并列主语 (the ocean and everything) + 后置定语 (on it) + 谓语 (would be racing) + 状语 (in to the shore) + 伴随状语 (with obviously catastrophic results)(it 指代 the ocean;catastrophic 为形容词作定语修饰 results)
14. An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit,
中文:穿过深水的海浪使水面上的一个微粒按照一种近乎圆形的轨道移动,
- 句子类型
- 核心语法:现在分词短语作后置定语;介词短语作后置定语 / 状语;不定式作宾语补足语
- 句子结构:主语 (An ocean wave) + 后置定语 (passing through deep water) + 谓语 (causes) + 宾语 (a particle) + 后置定语 (on the surface) + 宾补 (to move in a roughly circular orbit)(cause sb./sth. to do sth. 为固定搭配,表 “使某人 / 某物做某事”)
15. drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave,
中文:先把微粒拉向前移的海浪,然后推上波浪,
- 句子类型
- 核心语法:现在分词作伴随状语;多个介词短语并列作状语;形容词作前置定语
- 句子结构:伴随状语 (drawing the particle) + 并列状语 (first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave)(drawing 与前一句的 causes 伴随发生,advancing 修饰 wave,表 “前移的”)
16. then forward with it and then--as the wave leaves the particles behind--back to its starting point again.
中文:随着波浪移动,然后 —— 当波浪把微粒留在身后时 —— 又回到了出发点。
- 句子类型:复合句(现在分词状语 + 时间状语从句,承前省略)
- 核心语法:破折号插入时间状语从句;介词短语作状语;代词指代
- 句子结构:并列状语 (then forward with it) + 并列连词 (and) + 破折号 + 时间状语从句 (as the wave leaves the particles behind) + 破折号 + 状语 (back to its starting point again)(it 指代 the wave;its 指代 the particle)
17. From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other 'living' thing.
中文:从成熟到消亡,波浪和其他任何 “活动中” 的东西一样,都受制于共同的法则。
- 句子类型
- 核心语法:固定搭配 be subject to;介词短语作状语 / 比较状语;形容词作定语
- 句子结构:状语 (From both maturity to death) + 主语 (a wave) + 系动词 (is) + 表语 (subject to the same laws) + 比较状语 (as any other 'living' thing)
18. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.
中文:一度它获得非凡的个性,但最终又被重新融进生命的大洋。
- 句子类型
- 核心语法:that 引导限制性定语从句;被动语态;介词短语作状语 / 后置定语
- 句子结构:状语 (For a time) + 主句 (主语 (it) + 谓语 (assumes) + 宾语 (a miraculous individuality)) + 定语从句 (that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life)(it 指代 a wave;that 在定语从句中作主语,指代 individuality;从句用被动语态表 “被融合”)
19. The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes:
中文:公海上起伏的波浪是由 3 个自然因素构成的:
- 句子类型
- 核心语法:被动语态;形容词 / 介词短语作后置定语;冒号表解释说明
- 句子结构:主语 (The undulating waves) + 后置定语 (of the open sea) + 系动词 (are) + 表语 (generated) + 方式状语 (by three natural causes) + 冒号(引出具体内容)
20. wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun.
中文:风、地球的运动或震颤和月亮、太阳的引力。
- 句子类型:名词短语(承前省略,作 three natural causes 的同位语,解释具体内容)
- 核心语法
- 句子结构:并列同位语 (wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun)
21. Once waves have been generated,
中文:一旦波浪形成,
- 句子类型
- 核心语法:Once 引导时间状语从句;现在完成时的被动语态
- 句子结构:从属连词 (Once) + 主语 (waves) + 谓语 (have been generated)
22. gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.
中文:地心引力是持续不断企图使海面复原为平面的力量。
- 句子类型
- 核心语法:that 引导定语从句;不定式短语作后置定语;固定搭配 restore...to...
- 句子结构:主句 (主语 (gravity) + 系动词 (is) + 表语 (the force)) + 定语从句 (that drives them in a continual attempt) + 后置定语 (to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain)(that 在定语从句中作主语,指代 the force;them 指代 waves;to restore... 修饰 attempt,表 “…… 的企图”)
一、核心词汇
- wave
- 原句搭配:ocean wave 海浪 /the undulating waves 起伏的波浪
- atmosphere
- 原句搭配:the atmosphere of the earth 地球的大气层
- infinity /ɪnˈfɪnəti/n. 无限;无穷;永恒(抽象名词,高频考点)
- 原句搭配:the ongoing signatures of infinity 象征永恒的生动体现
- energize /ˈenədʒaɪz/v. 赋予…… 能量;使充满活力(动词,形近词:energy n. 能量)
- 原句搭配:excite and energize the atmosphere 刺激并赋予大气层能量
- transmit /trænzˈmɪt/v. 传递;传播;传送(及物动词,过去式 / 过去分词:transmitted)
- 原句搭配:transmit it on through waves 用波浪的形式传递它
- exquisite /ɪkˈskwɪzɪt/adj. 精美的;高雅的;绝妙的(形容词,修饰抽象 / 具体名词均可)
- 原句搭配:an ancient, exquisite powerful message 源远流长、高雅而有力的信息
- phenomenon /fəˈnɒmɪnən/n. 现象(可数名词,复数:phenomena,高频考点)
- 原句搭配:the earth's most complicated natural phenomena 地球上最复杂的自然现象
- crest
- 原句搭配:the highest point of the wave 波浪的最高点
- trough /trɒf/n. 波谷;低谷(课文专业词汇,与 crest 对应)
- vertical /ˈvɜːtɪkl/adj. 垂直的;竖的(形容词,反义词:horizontal 水平的)
- 原句搭配:the vertical distance 垂直距离
- horizontal /ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntl/adj. 水平的;横的(课文专业词汇,与 vertical 对应)
- 原句搭配:the horizontal distance 水平距离
- period /ˈpɪəriəd/n. (波浪的)周期;一段时间(多义词,课文取 “周期” 义)
- 原句搭配:the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length 浪峰走过一个波长的时间
- actuality /ˌæktʃuˈæləti/n. 实际;现实(名词,短语:in actuality 事实上)
- particle
- 原句搭配:a particle on the surface 水面上的一个微粒
- orbit
- 原句搭配:a roughly circular orbit 近乎圆形的轨道
- maturity /məˈtʃʊərəti/n. 成熟;成熟期(名词,形容词:mature 成熟的)
- 原句搭配:from both maturity to death 从成熟到消亡
- undulating /ˈʌndjuleɪtɪŋ/adj. 起伏的;波浪状的(形容词,修饰波浪、地形等)
- 原句搭配:the undulating waves of the open sea 公海上起伏的波浪
- tremor /ˈtremə(r)/n. 震颤;震动(名词,近义:shake n./v. 震动)
- 原句搭配:earth movements or tremors 地球的运动或震颤
- gravitational /ˌɡrævɪˈteɪʃənl/adj. 引力的;重力的(形容词,名词:gravity 引力)
- 原句搭配:the gravitational pull 引力
- restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/v. 恢复;使复原;修复(及物动词,固定搭配:restore...to...)
- 原句搭配:restore the ocean surface to a flat plain 使海面复原为平面
二、重点短语
- be subject to 受制于;受…… 支配;易受…… 影响(高频固定搭配,课文核心短语)
- 原句:a wave is subject to the same laws as any other 'living' thing.
- 例句:All living things are subject to the laws of nature. 所有生物都受制于自然法则。
- in actuality 事实上;实际上(同义短语:in fact /actually,作状语)
- 原句:in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was.
- pass through
- 原句:An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move...
- draw towards 拉向;吸引向(draw 此处为 “拉;牵引” 义,过去式:drew)
- 原句:drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave.
- leave behind 留下;把…… 抛在身后(固定短语,宾语可置于中间 / 后面)
- 原句:as the wave leaves the particles behind.
- be generated by 由…… 产生;由…… 生成(被动语态,generate 为 “产生;生成”)
- 原句:The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes.
- gravitational pull 引力;重力牵引(固定名词短语,同义:gravitational force)
- 原句:the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun 月亮和太阳的引力
- attempt to do sth. 试图做某事;企图做某事(attempt 此处为名词,也可作动词:attempt to do sth.)
- 原句:in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.
- restore...to... 把…… 恢复到……;使…… 复原为……(restore 核心搭配,必须接双宾语)
- 原句:restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.
- from...to...
- 原句搭配:from the trough to the crest 从波谷到浪峰 /from maturity to death 从成熟到消亡
- move through 穿过;在…… 中移动(表 “在某介质中移动”,through 后接介质名词)
- 原句:waves move through the water 浪从水中移过
- travel one wave length 走过一个波长(课文专业搭配,travel 此处为 “移动;行进” 义)
三、易混词 / 短语辨析
- vertical vs horizontal
- vertical:垂直的,表 “上下方向”→ the vertical distance 垂直距离
- horizontal:水平的,表 “左右方向”→ the horizontal distance 水平距离
- crest vs trough
- trough:波谷,波浪的最低点(二者为海浪的一对反向专业词汇)
- transmit vs transfer
- transmit:传递(信息、信号、能量),课文表 “传递太阳的信息”
- transfer:转移(位置、物品、人员),如:transfer the box to the table. 把盒子移到桌子上。
1. 主系表 + 同位语(表事物属性 / 定义)
原句:Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity.套用结构:______ are the children of ______, the ______ of ______.适配场景:解释事物的成因与象征意义
2. 分词作伴随状语(表动作伴随)
原句:Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life.套用结构:______ (主句动作), ______ (doing) it to ______, to ______, to ______.适配场景:描述动作带来的一系列后续效果
3. 让步状语从句 + 转折主句(表表象与事实)
原句:Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was.套用结构:Although ______ gives the impression of ______, in actuality ______.适配场景:对比事物的表面现象与真实本质
4. 被动语态 + 介词引出成因(表事物产生)
原句:The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun.套用结构:______ are generated by ______ causes: ______, ______, and ______.适配场景:说明事物的产生原因,分点列举
5. 时间状语从句 + 主句(表动作发生后的结果)
原句:Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.套用结构:Once ______, ______ is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to ______.适配场景:描述某一动作发生后,起主导作用的力量及目的