【26版英语步步高人教版学习笔记选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Section ⅢDiscovering Useful Struc

Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures

阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成下面的练习

David ①has been looking forward to working in China，so he ②has been learning Chinese in the past two years.Until now he ③has mastered about 1,000 Chinese words and can communicate with Chinese people in simple Chinese.Besides，his parents ④have bought him some Chinese storybooks and he ⑤has finished reading two of them.

[自主发现]

句①②使用了______________________，其构成为____________________，表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。句③④⑤使用了______________，其构成为________________________________________________________________________。

一、现在完成进行时

1．构成：have/has＋been＋现在分词

2．用法

(1)现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，且有可能还在继续。这个时态多用于延续性动词，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和all this week，this month，all night，all the morning等时间状语以及since或for引导的时间状语连用(与since或for连用时，动作常会继续下去)。

I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.

我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。

I’ve been writing letters all this morning.

整个上午我一直在写信。

How long have you been living here?

你在这里住了多久了？

(2)有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用于瞬间动词。

He’s been shaving since last year.

他从去年开始就一直刮脸。

You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad.

整整一年你都在说要出国学习。

3．现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略

现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。这种现在完成进行时多指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。

You’ve been working too hard.

你工作太辛苦了。(直接结果可能是你一定很累了)

You’ve been smoking again.

你又抽烟了。(暗含结果是你身上有烟味)

4．现在完成进行时的感情色彩

现在完成进行时和其他进行时态一样，也可以带有感情色彩。

I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.

和你见面是我盼望已久的事。

Too much has been happening today.

今天发生太多事了。

二、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别

The libraries have been transforming themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge，meet interesting people，or find out how to start a business.(尚未完成)

这些图书馆正在将自己转变为可以培养你对知识的热爱、结识有趣的人或者了解如何创业的地方。

The libraries have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge，meet interesting people，or find out how to start a business.(已经完成)

这些图书馆已经将自己转变为可以培养你对知识的热爱、结识有趣的人或者了解如何创业的地方。

The style of farming has been changing since the rise of science.(强调动作)

自从科学兴起以来，耕作方式一直在改变。

The style of farming has changed since the rise of science.(强调结果)

自从科学兴起以来，耕作方式已经发生了变化。

She has always been working like that.(具有感情色彩——表示赞许)

她一贯是那样工作的。

All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting involved.(说明一种结果)

所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．It is the most instructive lecture that I ________(attend) since I came to this school.

2．The police __________________(keep) track of the underground organization for two years.

3．The two friends ________________________(chat) on the Internet for three hours，and they will go on till next morning.

4．Careful people may notice that this city’s unemployment rate ______________________(rise) in recent years.

5．In order to find the missing child，villagers _________________________(do) all they can over the past five hours.

6．In recent years，social policy ____________(dominate) by cutting down expenses.

7．I ________________________(swim) for half an hour，and I’ll do it for another five minutes.

8．We ________________________(advertise) in all the local papers for a nurse-companion，but with no result to date.

Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空

Since the winter holiday two years ago，we 1.________________________(study) hard for the college entrance exam.Two English books 2.________________________(finish) and more than 600 words 3.________________________(memorize)．We 4.________________________(look) forward to entering a key university.We 5.____________________(make) adequate preparations.The day we 6.______________________________(expect) is approaching.How I wish to be admitted to my dream university!

答案精析

语境感悟

现在完成进行时　have/has＋been＋现在分词　现在完成时　have/has＋过去分词

达标检测

Ⅰ.1.have attended　2.have been keeping　3.have been chatting　4.has been rising　5.have been doing　6.has been dominated　7.have been swimming　8.have been advertising

Ⅱ.1.have been studying　2.have been finished　3.have been memorized　4.have been looking　5.have made　6.have been expecting

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