【26版同步英语人教版学习笔记选择性必修一Unit 5Section ⅢDiscovering Useful Structure
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures—Subject clauses
阅读以下短文，认真感悟加黑部分，并完成方框下的小题。
Since he graduated from college，he had been in low spirits.①What made him upset was that his mother was always complaining about something.His father had been out of work for a long time.It worried him ②that their family would get into debt if he couldn’t find a suitable job.However，③what he was thinking about was what his parents didn’t understand.They often urged him to look for a job as soon as possible.It was really a problem for him ④that he didn’t know how to communicate with his parents.⑤Whether he would find a job in the local factory was bothering him，for he planned to go to a bigger city.
以上黑体部分均为________从句，在整个句子中充当________，一般放在________，如________；也可以用形式主语________代替，而将从句后置，如________。⑤中的Whether意为“________”，引导主语从句，不可换成if。
一、主语从句的定义
如果一个从句在句子中担当主语，那么这个从句就是主语从句。主语从句通常放在主句的谓语动词之前，有时也由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将要来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息。
Whether they would support us was still a problem.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
What impressed me most was that they had all suffered a lot.让我印象最深刻的是他们都受过很多苦。
Is it true that he is the girl’s father？他是那个女孩的父亲，是真的吗？
二、主语从句的引导词
| Conjunctions(连接词) | Functions(成分) in the clause |
从属连词 | that，whether | 不充当成分 |
连接代词 | what，who，whom，which，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever | 主语、宾语、表语、定语 |
连接副词 | when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however | 状语 |
(1)从属连词：that，whether
①that引导主语从句时只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义。但是，that不能省略。
That he is kind to that skinny child is clear to us.我们都知道他对那个瘦瘦的孩子是友好的。
②whether在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。注意：if不可引导位于句首的主语从句，但可以用于it作形式主语的从句中，此时if＝whether，但此时if不能与or not直接连用。
Whether genetically-modified food does us harm remains to be seen.
＝It remains to be seen whether/if genetically-modified food does us harm.
转基因食物对我们是否有害有待观察。
(2)连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 等
连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，起连接作用，有实际意义。
What is bothering that girl isn’t known to us.我们不知道什么正困扰着那个女孩。
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的事都值得好好地做。
Which of all those ways is the best is uncertain.所有那些方法中哪一个最好还不确定。
Whom we should serve is a question of vital importance.我们应当为谁服务是一个极为重要的问题。
Whose carelessness spoilt the work must be made clear.必须查清是谁的粗心破坏了工作。
Who will teach us to enlarge our vocabulary is still open to question.
谁会教我们扩大词汇量还有待讨论。
(3)连接副词：when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever等
连接副词在从句中常作状语，可表示时间、地点、方式和原因，起连接作用并且有实际意义。
When and where the meeting will take place has not been decided yet.
开会的时间和地点还未决定。
Why he is so obsessive about his appearance is still a puzzle.
他为何如此迷恋自己的外表仍然是个谜。
How he earned his living before is not clear to me.我不清楚他以前是如何谋生的。
三、it作形式主语
当句子主语过长时，为保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常把主语从句后置，而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型：
句型 | 说明 |
It＋系动词＋形容词＋主语从句 | 常用于此句型的形容词有important，(un)likely，possible，necessary，natural，wrong等。 |
It＋系动词＋名词词组＋主语从句 | 常用于此句型的名词词组有a fact，an idea，an honour，a wonder，no wonder，a pity等。 |
It＋系动词＋过去分词＋主语从句 | 常用于此句型的过去分词有known，proved，said，decided，suggested，thought等。 |
It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 | 常用于此句型的动词有appear，happen，seem，occur，matter等。 |
It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.学生学好英语很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。
It depends on the weather whether they are going shopping today.他们今天是否去购物取决于天气情况。
It is no wonder that your students have made such great progress.难怪你的学生进步这么大。
1．从句的语序：在任何情况下，主语从句都用陈述句语序。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你们中谁第一个到达这里谁就获奖。
2．主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式；但what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
When we shall have our sports meeting has not been decided.我们什么时候开运动会还没有确定。
What they need are books.他们需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
How and why he came to this city is a story of struggle and success.
他如何以及为什么来到这个城市是一个充满奋斗和成功的故事。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．____________________________________was unknown to the general readers.
一般读者不了解他在文章中所提及的内容。
2．As you know，____________ is tackle the problem quickly.
正如你所知，我们将要做的事是尽快解决这个问题。
3.In other words，it matters little ____________，but ____________________ is how he lives.
换句话说，一个人怎么死的不太重要，但更重要的是他是如何活着的。
4．________________________ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
新组建的委员会的政策是否会付诸实施还有待观察。
5．________________________ breaks the window will have to pay for it.
你们当中无论哪一个打破窗户都必须赔偿。
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
我所了解的是你们将在1月20日举办一场以“汉语日”为主题的活动。这里有一些建议来让它变得令人惊奇和有教育意义。在我看来，你们让观众参与娱乐活动是很重要的。中国书法展示了汉字的美，这是一个事实，所以你可以从它开始。更重要的是，为了突出这门优雅语言无与伦比的魅力，强烈建议举办中文演讲比赛。不可否认，你做的任何事都应该围绕着相关的话题。是否采纳上述建议由你决定。我真诚地希望你能记录下这场难忘的演出，并与我分享你的成就！
1．________________________ is that you will hold an activity with the theme of “Chinese Language Day”，which falls on January 20th.Here are some tips to make it amazing and educational.From my perspective，it is important 2._____________________________.It is a fact 3.____________________________________________________________，so you can start with it.More importantly，to highlight the unmatched charm of this elegant language，a Chinese speech contest is highly recommended.There is no denying that 4.__________________should center on the relevant topic.It is up to you 5.____________________________________.I sincerely hope you could record this unforgettable show and share your achievement with me!
通过网盘分享的文件：同步PPT课件等3个文件
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1q6N_u1YVvIL3m6dT1_3AqQ?pwd=4321 提取码: 4321
--来自百度网盘超级会员v8的分享
