Sutra 2: What is dhyana?冥想是什么？
तत्र प्रत्ययैकतानता ध्यानम् ॥ २ ॥
Tatra pratyayaikatānatā dhyānam
Tatra: there (in the desha); pratyaya: basis or content of consciousness; ekatānatā: continuity; dhyānam: meditation
Uninterrupted stream of the content of consciousness is dhyana.
意识内容的持续不间断之流即为冥想。
（这里请注意意识内容这一表达，可以简单理解为专注对象）
Pratyaya means the basis of consciousness which may be an idea, a sound, or any object, subtle or gross. If in dharana the consciousness becomes continuous so that there is no break or interruption due to any other thought, then dharana is replaced by or turned into dhyana. Sometimes we experience dhyana when we are practising dharana. In dhyana there is an uninterrupted flow of consciousness.
"Pratyaya"意为意识的根基，它可能是一个念头、一种声音，或任何精微或粗显的客体。在"dharana"（专注）中，若意识持续不断，不受其他思绪干扰而中断，那么专注便转化为"dhyana"（冥想）。修习专注时，我们偶尔会体验到冥想状态。冥想中存在着意识之流不间断的涌动。
If you are visualizing a particular object, you should not visualize that object alone, but you should also visualize that you are practising dhyana. This is important. Sometimes you may become oblivious to the object also, but there is the awareness of dhyana, which is called sakshi bhava. Otherwise, what usually happens is that if your mind slips away during concentration, you do not know it. This should not happen. Thus dhyana includes two things: one, an unbroken continuous flow of consciousness of the single object, and two, the awareness of dhyana; that is, the awareness that you are practising unbroken concentration. These two kinds of awareness go hand in hand.
若你正在观想某个特定对象，不应仅观想该对象本身，还需同时观想自己正在修习冥想。这一点至关重要。有时你或许会连观想对象也忘却，但仍保持着对冥想（或者说觉知）本身的觉知，此即所谓"见证者意识"。否则常会出现的情况是：当你的心念在专注中游离时，你竟浑然不觉。这种情况必须避免。因此冥想包含两个要素：其一，对单一对象持续不断的意识之流；其二，对冥想本身的觉知，即意识到自己正保持着不间断的专注。这两种觉知始终相伴相生。
