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学习笔记|商法篇之【商行为-票据法】

  • 2026-03-30 17:23:28
学习笔记|商法篇之【商行为-票据法】
开公司做生意，搞生产经营，做外贸，这些商事活动，都离不开一样东西就是：票据。有人可能会说：支付宝、微信转账不香吗？我曾经也是这么想的，但一拍脑袋，钱关乎民生国本，金融秩序一旦脱离国家的监管，那就如脱缰的野马，一路狂奔。大额转账的安全性、银行业的去留都是无法保障的。
老百姓生活中，可能用到最多的就是支票。某个电视剧的桥段是，男女主双向奔赴，但豪门的男主家人总要出来阻碍，拿着一张千万支票摔在女主面前，总之，这种用钱“棒打鸳鸯”的戏码，也只有电视里才有。现实中，恐怕绝大多数的女主会说，来吧，就让支票来得更猛烈些吧！毕竟，人活着，谁会跟钱过不去呢？
票据在商事活动中，承担着支付的功能，借助了银行这个“媒介”。一项交易产生的费用，少则几万，多则以亿为单位，总不可能扛着麻袋将钱交给卖家吧，一来太危险容易被打劫，二来太重运输成本也不划算，三来银行懒得数钱搞不好还要收个点钞费啥的。
所以，有需求就会有市场，银行这个地主自然是不会放过这种机会了，开铺子为的不就是赚钱嘛。
票据目前常用的就这三种类：商业承兑汇票（企业开出的，让债权人向某银行去提示付款）、银行承兑汇票（银行开出的，承诺付款的票据）、支票。而银行承兑汇票也是主流的一种，相当于企业与银行事前签订协议，银行给予企业一定授信额度，在额度范围内代支付货款等。
支票，则是必须以企业或个人在银行账户存款金额为上限，如果弄出的支票金额大于存款金额，就是通常所说的“空头支票”。所以，电视剧那些没填金额的支票，是有多豪，能随便填写金额啊，要知道最大是以亿为单位啊。
这里串个台，刑法课堂有个案例，在这里分享一下：
甲男是个造假高手，伪造了一张100万元的支票。其觊觎乙女美色，经打听，知道乙女爱慕虚荣，喜爱各种奢侈品。某个周五晚上甲男约乙女逛街到某奢侈品牌包包店，甲男表示可以随意选三只，乙女欣喜若狂便挑了三只最贵的，刚好100万。
甲男问店员能否用支票付款，店员表示银行已下班无法验证支票真假，但甲男表示，支票先放店里如果周一不能支取，则将包包退回。店员为了拿提成，最终收下支票，甲男当晚也与乙女共度良宵。
果然周一店员找甲，告知支票无法支取，甲男让乙女把包包还回去。
好了，故事结束了，是不是没缓过来？？？咦，这不是诈骗吗？哈哈哈，其实就支付和骗乙女上床，这两件事来讲，并不符合诈骗罪的构成要件，而甲可能构成伪造金融票证罪。
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000996s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=no_67808;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001648s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000718s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000698s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001564s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000619s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.001626s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 478789 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002305s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1774939432 WHERE `id` = 478789 [ RunTime:0.009850s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000619s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 478789 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001278s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 478789 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001129s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 478789 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.001836s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 478789 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.002145s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 478789 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.008283s ]
0.199168s