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学习笔记——韩刚《B2A“译点通”:Pre-CATTI汉译英表达经典练习1000+》

  • 2026-03-24 20:05:51
学习笔记——韩刚《B2A“译点通”:Pre-CATTI汉译英表达经典练习1000+》

凡是在我国境内注册的企业,都要一视同仁、平等对待。

A________ businesses registered in China will be treated equally.

【参考答案和解析】All。“凡是”选用的表达往往是any/all等,此处后面名词businesses是复数,所以只能透择all,句首要大写。“我国”一定要中立处理,译为: in China。“一视同仁、平等对待”的顿号前后属于同义重复,合并翻译为be treated equally或be treated as equals

【知识面拓展】在美国人的眼里,如果having done或having been done做后置定语的话,加上逗号以示分隔停顿和补充之用,这样的用法是可以接受的,但是如果直接跟在名词后,一般他们不这样用,但是也不是说绝对的错,只是不规范或者,他们一般不这样说而已。例如:The car crushed beneath the truck was mine.(可以)The car having been crushed [by the truck] was mine.(几乎不可以)The car, having been crushed, was taken to the junkyard. (可以)

“having been done”一般不作后置定语,因为它在逻辑上对应的定语从句形式是“which/that have/has been done”,而非后置定语通常省略的“which/that is/are ...”形式。(为了表达清晰和规范,当需要修饰名词并表达“已完成的被动动作”时,优先使用定语从句[who/which/that + have/has been done]或过去分词[done])。

但在特定情况下(如修饰泛指名词或作非限制性成分)可被接受: (1)修饰泛指名词:当所修饰的名词是泛指(如 anyone, anything, people 等)时,使用较为自然。例如:Anyone having been passed the test has got a prize.(任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品)。(2)非限制性后置定语:当它作为补充说明性的非限制性成分(常与逗号隔开)时,有时可以被接受,此时它更像一个分词状语或同位语,而非严格的定语。例如:The problem, having been discussed for years, was solved.(讨论了多年的问题被解决了)。

单词总结】

1.凡是……

(1) all:凡是桌子上的书,都是我的。All the books on the table are mine.

(2) any:凡是有头脑的人都知道过度工作会降低工作效率。Anyone with a brain knows that overwork leads to decreased efficiency.

(3) every:今天凡是在海面上露面的都游得很快,向着东北方向。Everything that shows on the surface today travels very fast and to the north-east.

(4) whatever:凡是值得做的事都值得好好地做。Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.

注意:whatever 在引导名词性从句时,通常可以理解为 anything that,表示"任何……的东西"或"无论什么"。两者都强调泛指,不设限制,语气较强。例如:(凡是)他所说的任何话都是真的。Whatever he says is true.=Anything that he says is true.

译法总结

all后面到底加不加“the”: “all”后面是否加“the”取决于具体语境和用法。

1. 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词时, 可加“the”调特定范围或已知的事物时,也可不加“the”表示泛指或一般概念。例如:all the books (on the desk)(书桌上的)所有这些书、all the water (in the bottle)(瓶子里)所有的水。all students(所有学生)、all water(水都是……)。

2. 与时间名词搭配时通常不加“the”,如 all day(整天)、all week(整周)、all year(整年)。例句:She worked all day(她工作了一整天)。

3. 与数词连用时通常不加“the”,如 all five(五个都)、all three(三个都)。例句:All four communication styles have good and bad points.

总结:          “all”后是否加“the”需结合语境判断,泛指或固定搭配时通常不加,特指或需强调范围时可加。

开放带来进步,封闭必然落后。

Openness brings progress, while self-seclusion l________ one behind.

【参考答案和解析】leaves。逗号前后是对比转折,选择while连接;客观描述选用一般现在时;“必然落后“信息要表达完整.是指让某人落于人后,翻译为leave one behind或lead to backwardness. self-seclusion指的是“闭关自守”

【知识面拓展】根据中国官方政策和实践,国家在开放与封闭问题上的原则主要体现在以下几个方面:

坚持对外开放基本国策(fundamental policy of opening-up)

互利共赢与平等合作(achieve win-win outcomes/win-win results and cooperation on an equal footing)

统筹发展与安全(coordinate development and security)

制度型开放与规则对接(制度型开放 institutional opening up and alignment with rules)

国内国际双循环相互促进(positive interplay between domestic and international economic flows)

单词总结】

1.开放VS封闭

(1) openness vs. isolation:开放还是封闭?合作还是对抗?是摆在我们面前的时代之问。Openness or isolation? Cooperation or confrontation? These are choices of the times that we are confronted with.

(2) isolated vs. open:我国实现了从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制、从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的历史性转变。. China achieved the historic transformations from a highly centralized planned economy into a socialist market economy brimming with vitality, and from a country that was largely isolated into one that is open to the outside world across the board.

(3) opening up vs. isolation:开放带来进步,封闭导致落后。Opening up brings progress while isolation results in backwardness. 

(4) openness vs. seclusion:开放是国家进步的前提,封闭必然导致落后。Openness enables a country to move forward, while seclusion holds it back. 

和平还是战争,开放还是封闭,团结还是分裂,我们必须作出正确抉择。It is time to make the right choice between peace and war, between openness and seclusion, and between unity and division.

【注意】“isolation”和“seclusion”都有“隔离、隔绝”的意思,但二者存在区别:

isolation:强调“分离、孤立”的状态,常指因外部因素(如疾病、政策、环境等)导致的被迫隔离,侧重于物理或社会层面的分离,不一定是主动选择。

seclusion:强调“隐退、与世隔绝”,更倾向于描述主动选择与他人或外界保持距离,追求安静、独处的状态,常带有主观意愿。

此外,

isolation:常用于医学(如“isolation ward”隔离病房)、公共卫生(如“self-isolation”自我隔离)、社会政策(如“economic isolation”经济孤立)等领域,强调隔离的必要性或强制性。

seclusion:多用于描述个人生活状态,如“live in seclusion”(隐居)、“seclude oneself”(自我隐退),常与艺术、文学、个人修养等场景相关,体现对宁静、独处的追求。

总结:若强调因外部原因导致的被迫隔离,用“isolation”;若描述主动选择与他人或外界保持距离,追求独处或隐居的状态,用“seclusion”。(因此,如果政报中出现“封闭”,更倾向于韩刚老师的选词——seclusion)

句式总结】“leave”在翻译中的巧用——leave的高级用法

leave+宾语(sb./sth.)+宾补(adj./v-ing/to do/prepositional phrase: 让……处于……状态(很多情况下是引出结果,相当于(to make or allow sb / sth to remain in a particular condition, place)。

英汉

(1)leave +宾语+ adj.China maths mastermind just wants to be left alone. 中国的数学大师只想一个人待着。(《南华早报》对韦东奕的报道) 

这里,如果直译为“He just wants to be alone/stay alone”,就没有的文字的画面感,就是硬邦邦的文字,缺少了鲜活感。

(2) leave +宾语v-ing."The paradox of modern communication is that while technology connects us more than ever before, it often leaves people feeling more isolated and unheard. 现代交流的悖论在于:尽管科技让我们比以往任何时候都更加紧密相连,它却常常让人感到更加孤立与无人倾听。(《大西洋月刊》) 

这里,如果只是用常用的句式“makes people feel(使某人怎么怎么样)”,就显得不那么高级了,文字变得平淡无奇。

(3) leave +宾语done.The C.D.C. report, based on data from hospitals serving about 10 percent of the U.S. population across 14 states, offered some of the strongest evidence to date that racial disparities in childhood vaccination might be leaving Black children more exposed to severe illness from Covid.

美国疾病控制与预防中心(C. D.C.)的报告基于14个州为美国约10%的人口服务的医院的数据,提供了一些迄今为止最有力的证据,表明儿童疫苗接种方面的种族差异可能使非裔儿童更容易受到新冠的严重影响。

效果同上,同时这里“expose to”用的也非常好。

在外刊中,expose to 一般表示“使暴露于”“使接触”或“使受到……的影响”。

be exposed to air pollution(暴露于空气污染中)

expose children to new ideas(让孩子们接触新思想)

companies are exposed to market risks(企业面临市场风险)

(4) leave +宾语pp.The economic crisis left many families in poverty. 经济危机使许多家庭陷入贫困。Tuition bills scare some students from even applying and leave others with years of debt. 大学学费高昂令许多学生望而却步,那些申请就读的学生要花费数年时间才能还清贷款

试比较一下:The economic crisis made many families become poor/ suffer from poverty. 这样的句子只能说是“朴实无华”。

(5) leave +open the possibility of...:为……留下可能性;不排除有……的可能(性)

This leaves open the possibility of asking questions on the subject later.这样就给后面提出相关问题留下了可能性。(VOA)

President Trump is leaving open the possibility of running for a third term, a move that's prohibited by the U.S. Constitution. 特朗普总统并未排除竞选第三任期的可能性,然而此举违反了美国宪法的规定。 (WSJ What’s News)

汉英

汉英最常见的就是各种文件、政报中了,效果和上述英汉大同小异。简单举两个例子(这里将原来英汉倒过来,方便体会如果汉英中使用leave句式的妙处):

大批示威者强行闯入国会大厦,与警卫发生激烈冲突,造成5人死亡、140多人受伤。

A large number of demonstrators forced their way into the Capitol building and clashed with police, leavingfive deadand more than 140 injured.

阿联酋《今日海湾》网站2021年12月19日发表《美国是如何毁掉伊拉克的》一文称,食品供应不足和通货膨胀使伊拉克人长期忍饥挨饿

The Gulf Today website of the United Arab Emirates published an article titled "How the United States Destroyed Iraq" on Dec. 19, 2021, saying that inadequate food supply and inflation have left Iraqis chronically hungry

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000549s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=no_67808;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000826s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000355s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000250s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000561s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000211s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000568s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 474794 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000442s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1774513939 WHERE `id` = 474794 [ RunTime:0.007135s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000287s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 474794 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000516s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 474794 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000460s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 474794 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000915s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 474794 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.005168s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 474794 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.001815s ]
0.089004s