【26版同步英语人教版学习笔记选择性必修一Unit 1Section ⅢDiscovering Useful Structure
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures—Non-restrictive relative clauses
阅读以下短文，感知每句话，完成下面的练习
①My classmate is named Li Meng，who is an easy-going boy.②He was born into a wealthy family，whose parents are doctors.③Li Meng studies hard and he is good at all the subjects，the best of which is maths.④Last week he won first prize in the Maths Competition，which made his parents full of pride.⑤However，there was a time when he disliked learning maths.⑥It was our maths teacher，who had a long talk with him，that informed him of the reason why we should learn maths well.
1．以上句子中含有非限制性定语从句的是句____________，含有限制性定语从句的是句________。
2．非限制性定语从句用________隔开，而限制性定语从句不用________隔开。
一、非限制性定语从句的特点
1．The Chinese knot，which is a pretty decoration popular with Chinese，is usually hung in the sitting room of our home.
中国结通常挂在我们家的客厅，是受中国人欢迎的漂亮的装饰。
2．Soon we were busy preparing presents for our unexpected guests，who just wanted to stay warm on Christmas Day.
很快我们就忙着为我们的不速之客准备礼物，他们只是想在圣诞日取暖。
3．Last week，we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture，which turned out to be extremely rewarding.
上周，我们带领外国学生体验了正宗的茶文化，结果证明非常值得。
总结：
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
This is our headmaster，who I think has something crucial to tell you.
这是我们的校长，我认为他有非常重要的事情要告诉你。
Peter，whom you met in Beijing，is now back in his motherland.
彼得现在回他的祖国了，你在北京见过他。
He lived in a small town，which was surrounded with mountains.
他住在一个小镇上，小镇被群山环绕。
Mary couldn’t come to our party，which was a pity.玛丽不能来参加我们的聚会，这真遗憾。
Mr White，whose son went to Tsinghua University last year，retired yesterday.
怀特先生昨天退休了，他儿子去年上了清华大学。
Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland，where he was buried in 1977.
卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里。
He fled his hometown in 1992，when he was only 12 years old.
他于1992年逃离家乡，当时他只有12岁。
总结：
关系词 | 所指 | 所作成分 |
关系代词 | who | 指人 | 主语 |
whom | 指人 | 宾语(不能省略，不能用who替代) |
which | 指代名词、代词、整个句子或主句的一部分 | 主语/宾语等 |
whose | 指人或指物 | 定语 |
关系副词 | where | 通常是地点名词 | 地点状语 |
when | 时间名词 | 时间状语 |
三、as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
As we all know，he studies very hard.
我们都知道他学习很用功。
The student，as was expected，achieved great success.
正如所期盼的，这位学生取得了巨大成功。
He is late for class again，as is often the case.
他上课又迟到了，情况经常如此。
I want to buy the house，which has a garden.(which指代the house)
我想买这座房子，它带有一个花园。
He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整个主句的内容)他开会迟到了，主席为此非常生气。
总结：
| as | which |
指代 | 所引导的定语从句只能指代整个句子的内容 | 所引导的定语从句既可指代名词、代词，又可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分 |
位置 | 所引导的定语从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 | 所引导的定语从句只能位于主句之中或之后 |
意义 | 正如，正像 | 这一点，这件事 |
as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下结构：
as we all know/as is known to all 众所周知，as is often the case 情况常常如此，as is hoped正如所希望的那样，as was expected/as we had expected正如所预料的那样，as has been stated above如上所述，as is mentioned正如所提及的。
四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
I have two foreign teachers，both of whom are from America.
我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。
The foreign teacher who/that comes from America teaches us literature.
从美国来的那位外教教我们文学。
This is the man，whom we talked about just now.
这就是那个人，我们刚才谈论过的。
This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about.这就是我们正谈论的那个人。
When you reach the village，you will first find a house whose windows are made of wood.
当你到达那个村庄时，你首先会发现一所有着木窗的房子。
They enjoyed the beautiful scenery in the mountain area，where they also did some climbing.
他们在这个山区欣赏到了美景，在那里他们也做了一些爬山运动。
总结：
| 限制性定语从句 | 非限制性定语从句 |
意义 | 起限定作用，修饰特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 | 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整 |
结构要求 | 从句与先行词之间不加逗号 | 从句与先行词之间加逗号 |
功能 | 修饰先行词 | 修饰先行词或整个主句 |
引导词 | 所有的关系代词和关系副词 | 关系代词和关系副词，但是关系代词that和关系副词why除外 |
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词完成下面的短文
When Li Hua was young，he worked on an old farm,1.____________ there were few young people.He felt very lonely.He often walked near the village in his free time，hoping to talk to some villagers.One day，he came across an old man，2.____________ used to be a brave soldier when he was young.Li Hua found the old man so interesting that he made friends with him.Once，the old man told him his experiences in the battles，most of 3.____________ were very interesting.Li Hua was moved by the old man’s story and he decided to write a novel.As a result，the novel attracted so many people，among 4.____________ was a young woman.The woman,5.____________ husband was a famous director，was touched by that novel and recommended it to her husband.6.________________ we all know，a clever director won’t give up an interesting story.One year later，the film，7.____________ was adapted from that novel，became a big hit.
Ⅱ.完成下列读后续写片段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
看到凶猛的鳄鱼，我们发出惊恐的尖叫。同时，离我们不远的两名猎人听到了我们的尖叫声。他们冲到我们所在的地方。看到还在我身后的水中漂浮的鳄鱼，其中一个人朝空中开了一枪。正如所期望的，鳄鱼被吓跑了。然后，我昏倒了，这让两名猎人急忙把我送到医院。
Seeing the fierce crocodile，we let out screams of fright.Meanwhile，our screams were heard by two hunters 1._________________.They dashed over to the place 2.____________.On seeing the crocodile,3.____________________________________，one of them fired a shot in the air.4.________________________，the crocodile was frightened away.Then I passed out，5.____________________________________.
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