博鳌亚洲论坛 可持续发展的亚洲与世界
2026 年度报告
世界大变革下的亚洲可持续发展
概要
Boao Forum for Asia Sustainable Development: Asia and the World Annual Report 2026 Sustainable Development in Asia amid Global Transformation Summary
执行概要
Executive Summary
PART2
“多元一体”的亚洲可持续发展之路
Asia's Sustainable Development Path: Unity-in-Diversity
在世界大变革背景下，亚洲各方在以下六方面具有普遍共性和利益。只有坚持“多元一体”，走共同发展、合作共赢之路，才是真正的亚洲可持续发展之路。
Against the backdrop of profound global transformations, Asian stakeholders share broad commonalities and converging interests in the following six areas. Only by upholding the principle of "Unity-in-Diversity" and pursuing a path of shared development and win-win cooperation can Asia achieve genuine and sustainable development.
（一）以共同发展为导向的亚洲合作理念。大部分亚洲经济体处于“在发展中增长、在增长中发展”的阶段，只有把握正确方向，以亚洲共同体为目标，坚持真正的多边主义，发挥各自的资源、技术、人才、制度禀赋，在相互尊重、以人为本、自然和谐、普惠包容、因地制宜、合作共赢的原则下实现优势互补、利益共享、协同发展，才是真正符合亚洲特色的可持续发展理念。
1. Asia's cooperation philosophy oriented toward common development.
Most Asian economies remain at a stage characterized by "growth in development and development through growth". Only by keeping to the right direction, striving for the building of an Asian community, upholding genuine multilateralism, giving full play to their respective endowments in resources, technology, talent and institutions, and achieving complementarity of strengths, sharing of interests and coordinated development under the principles of mutual respect, a people-centered approach, harmony with nature, inclusiveness and broad benefit, adaptation to local conditions and win-win cooperation, can we truly follow a sustainable development philosophy with distinctive Asian features.
（二）以相互信任为支撑的亚洲合作机制。多元化、区域化发展是大势所趋，但能否有效整合区域内各种力量，离不开公平合理、运转高效的区域合作机制的支撑。亚洲各方应重塑信任，加强域内协调合作，为逐步实现“亚太自贸区（FTAAP）”并最终迈向“亚太共同体”奠定坚实基础。
2. Asia's cooperation mechanism underpinned by mutual trust.
While diversification and regionalization represent prevailing global trends, the effective integration of regional forces depends on fair, reasonable, and efficiently functioning regional cooperation mechanisms. Asian parties should rebuild trust, deepen intra-regional coordination and cooperation, and lay a solid foundation for the gradual realization of the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP) and the ultimate advancement toward an Asia-Pacific Community.
（三）以数字化、绿色化为重点的亚洲科技创新。在工业化基础普遍薄弱的环境下，亚洲可持续发展进程要想实现弯道超车，只能依靠科技创新，特别是加强数智化赋能、坚持以能源转型为重点的绿色转型。
3. Asia's Sci-tech innovation focusing on digital and green transition.
Given the generally weak industrial foundations across much of Asia, achieving leapfrog development in sustainable development can only be realized through technological innovation, in particular by strengthening digital and intelligent empowerment and staying committed to green transformation with energy transition at the core.
（四）以创新融资为抓手的亚洲金融体系。亚洲各经济体均应继续注重发挥政府、多边开发银行的官方融资主体作用，同时应特别注重通过绿色债券、公私合营模式、混合融资等创新融资工具，撬动更多社会资本参与。
4. Asia's financial system leveraging innovative financing.
Asian economies should continue to emphasize the role of governments and multilateral development banks as key providers of official financing, while attaching particular importance to leveraging more social capital participation through innovative financing instruments such as green bonds, PPP and blended finance.
（五）以互联互通为目标的亚洲基础设施网络。亚洲各经济体应通过基础设施的“硬联通”夯实可持续发展的物质基础，特别是要大力加强数字基础设施建设，推动形成全方位、多层次、复合型的基础设施网络。此外，还应通过规则、标准的“软联通”降低交易成本，不断提升区域供应链价值链韧性。
5. Asia's infrastructure network aimed at enhancing connectivity.
Asian economies should strengthen the material foundations of sustainable development through hard connectivity in infrastructure, with particular emphasis on accelerating the development of digital infrastructure and fostering a comprehensive, multi-layered, and integrated infrastructure network. At the same time, soft connectivity—through harmonization of rules and standards—should be enhanced to reduce transaction costs, improve the resilience of regional supply and value chains.
（六）以公平正义为原则的亚洲保障体系。亚洲经济体在坚持转型大方向的同时，必须兼顾公平正义，建立跨区域协调的分配保障体系，缩小发展鸿沟，特别是在防范数字转型、绿色转型进程中出现新的返贫陷阱。
6. Asia's safeguard framework based on the principles of equity and justice.
While adhering to the general direction of transformation, Asian economies must also uphold equity and justice, put in place a cross-regionally coordinated distribution and security system, and narrow the development gap. Special attention should be paid to preventing a new poverty trap from emerging in the course of digital and green transformation.
着眼目前到 2030 年不到 5 年的时间，以及 2030 年后的发展合作之路，我们认为，只要选择了正确的历史方向，把握住难得的历史机遇，“多元一体”的亚洲可持续发展之路必将越走越宽，真正造福所有亚洲国家和人民。各方应保持坚定的政治决心，坚持可持续发展、绿色发展的正确方向，即使到 2030 年后也不动摇。应始终将可持续发展置于国家和国际议程中心位置。应推动建立更加行之有效的落实机制，建立并完善落实可持续发展目标的激励机制、评估机制、监督机制、争端解决机制。应打造更紧密的伙伴关系，形成国际、区域、国家、企业等方面的强大合力。
With less than five years to go until 2030 and looking ahead to the post-2030 development and cooperation agenda, we believe that as long as the right historical direction is chosen and the rare opportunities of this era are firmly seized, the path of Asia's sustainable development under the principle of "Unity-in-Diversity" will continue to broaden, delivering tangible benefits to all Asian countries and peoples. All parties should maintain firm political resolve, stay committed to the right course of sustainable development and green development, and remain unwavering even beyond 2030. Sustainable development should always be placed at the center of national and international agendas. We should advance the establishment of more effective implementation mechanisms, and put in place and improve the incentive, evaluation, monitoring and dispute settlement mechanisms for delivering the SDGs. Closer partnerships should be built to foster strong synergy across international, regional, national and corporate actors.
在“多元一体”的亚洲可持续发展之路中，能源转型、数字化转型、互联互通作为不可替代的重要元素，正逐步汇聚成不可逆转的强大动力，引领亚洲走向更绿色、更智慧、更具韧性的未来。下文以能源转型、数字化转型、互联互通为例，进一步详细剖析亚洲各经济体推进“多元一体”可持续发展的现实路径和方案选择，为推动亚洲经济一体化进程、早日实现共同和可持续发展贡献“博鳌智慧”。
Along the path of Asia's sustainable development under the principle of "Unity-in-Diversity," energy transition, digital transformation, and connectivity have emerged as indispensable elements that are converging into an irreversible driving force, guiding Asia toward a greener, smarter, and more resilient future. The following sections take energy transition, digital transformation and connectivity as examples to further analyze in detail the practical pathways and policy options for Asian economies to advance sustainable development featuring "Unity-in-Diversity", and contribute "Boao Wisdom" to promoting the process of Asian economic integration and achieving common and sustainable development at an early date.
亚洲能源绿色低碳转型之路
Asia's Pathway to Green and Low-Carbon Energy Transition
当前，世界能源发展格局向清洁化、低碳化、多元化方向加速演进。亚洲在其中发挥了重要作用，正在从“传统能源的最大消费中心”向“清洁能源发展的引领者”转变。同时，亚洲能源转型也面临化石能源路径依赖、电网基础设施建设滞后、绿色投融资缺口等方面挑战。
Currently, the global energy landscape is rapidly evolving toward cleaner, low-carbon, and diversified development. Asia plays a pivotal role, shifting from “ the largest center of traditional energy consumption” to “a leader in clean energy development”. At the same time, Asia’s energy transition faces several challenges, including path dependence on fossil fuels, lagging power grid infrastructure, and gaps in green financing and investment.
面对机遇与挑战，亚洲应以“清洁主导、电为中心、互联互通、智慧高效”为方向，加快构建适应可持续发展需要的未来能源体系，形成以清洁能源和电能为主体、广域互联互通、高效优化配置的能源发展新格局。在此过程中，有关国家和地区需因地制宜、综合施策，依托多元化、差异化路径有序推进能源转型。
In the face of both opportunities and challenges, Asia should orient its efforts toward “clean-dominance, electricity-centered systems, interconnectivity, and smart-efficiency”. Asia should accelerate the construction of a future energy system that supports sustainable development and foster a new energy paradigm characterized by clean energy and electricity as the main pillars, extensive interconnection, and efficient and optimized resource allocation. In this process, countries and regions should adopt diversified transition pathways tailored to their specific conditions, implementing comprehensive and coordinated policy approaches.
实现上述发展战略，关键要协同推进五大重点行动，形成具有包容性、公正性、普适性的亚洲能源转型行动框架。一是大规模开发清洁能源，通过集中式、分布式、多能互补等开发方式实现清洁能源经济高效利用。二是构建数智化坚强电网，打造气候弹性强、安全韧性强、调节柔性强、保障能力强的清洁能源优化配置平台。三是加快推进电气化，在终端各用能领域以电能和电制氢、电制原材料等对化石能源进行全面深度替代。四是推动化石能源清洁化利用，通过技术升级、产业转型、高效替代等方式减少污染与排放。五是推动能源和相关产业协同创新发展，通过跨界融合和相互赋能打造新的经济增长点。
To achieve the above development strategies, it is essential to synergistically advance five key actions and establish an Asian energy transition action framework that is inclusive, equitable, and universal. First, scale up the development of clean energy and achieve economical and efficient utilization through centralized, distributed, and integrated multi-energy approaches. Second, build digital-intelligent resilient power grids, creating an optimized clean energy allocation platform with strong climate resilience, high security, high flexibility in regulation, and enhanced reliability. Third, accelerate electrification by comprehensively and deeply substituting fossil fuels with electricity, electrohydrogen, and electrosynthesized raw materials across various end-use sectors. Fourth, facilitate the cleaner utilization of fossil fuels by reducing pollution and emissions through technological upgrades, industrial transformation, and efficient alternatives. Fifth, promote collaborative innovation and development in energy transition and related industries, fostering new economic growth drivers through cross-sector integration and mutual empowerment.
支撑亚洲能源转型，需要构建“政策协同引领、市场机制驱动、金融工具赋能、国际合作增效”四位一体的保障体系。亚洲各国应持续完善能源转型顶层设计，加强战略对接、规划协同与行动衔接，提升区域能源转型整体质效；探索构建区域一体化电—碳市场，健全多层级市场交易机制，以价格信号引导绿色资源优化配置；创新能源转型金融工具和投融资模式，引导多元化资本流向能源转型重点领域，将可行项目转化为可投资产；搭建南南能源合作与技术共享平台，促进各国加强能力建设与知识转移，凝聚区域合力，加速亚洲能源绿色转型进程。
Asia's energy transition requires establishing a comprehensive framework of policy coordination, market mechanisms, financial instruments, and international cooperation. Asian countries should consistently refine the top-level design for energy transition, strengthen strategic alignment, coordinate planning, and synchronize actions to improve the overall quality and efficiency of regional energy transition. They should explore the establishment of a regional integrated electricity-carbon market, improve multi-tiered market trading mechanisms, and use price signals to optimize the allocation of green resources. Innovative financial instruments and investment models should be introduced to guide diversified capital flows towards key areas of energy transition, transforming feasible projects into investable assets. Additionally, a platform for South-South energy cooperation and technology sharing should be established to promote capacity building and knowledge transfer among countries, consolidate regional efforts, and accelerate Asia's green energy transition.
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