Lesson 28 Five pounds too dear 五镑也太贵
课文原文
Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour.
当大型客轮驶入港口时，载满货物的小船纷纷朝它驶来。
Before she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board and the decks were soon covered with colourful rugs from Persia, silks from India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful handmade silverware.
客轮还没抛锚，小船上的男人们就已经爬上了甲板，甲板上很快摆满了波斯的彩色地毯、印度的丝绸、铜制咖啡壶和精美的手工银器。
It was difficult not to be tempted.
想要不心动实在很难。
Many of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen, but I decided not to buy anything until I had disembarked.
船上的许多游客都开始和商贩讨价还价，但我决定在下船之前什么都不买。
I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring.
我刚一下船，就被一个想卖给我钻戒的男人缠住了。
I had no intention of buying one, but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds.
我根本没打算买，但也无法掩饰自己对钻石大小的惊叹。
Some of them were as big as marbles.
有些钻石大得像弹珠一样。
The man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real.
那男人想尽办法证明钻石是真的。
As we were walking past a shop, he held a diamond firmly against the window and made a deep impression in the glass.
当我们路过一家商店时，他把一颗钻石紧紧按在橱窗上，在玻璃上留下了一个深深的凹痕。
It took me over half an hour to get rid of him.
我花了半个多小时才摆脱他。
The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches.
下一个向我搭话的男人在卖高档钢笔和手表。
I examined one of the pens closely.
我仔细查看了其中一支钢笔。
It certainly looked genuine.
它看起来确实像正品。
At the base of the gold cap, the words ‘made in the U.S.A.’ had been neatly inscribed.
在金色笔帽的底部，工工整整地刻着“美国制造” 的字样。
The man said that the pen was worth £50, but as a special favour, he would let me have it for £30.
那男人说这支笔价值 50 英镑，但给我特别优惠，30 英镑就卖给我。
I shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that I was willing to pay £5.
我摇了摇头，伸出五根手指，表示我只愿意出 5 英镑。
Gesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he found my offer outrageous, but he eventually reduced the price to £10.
那男人夸张地比划着，表现出对我的出价无法接受的样子，但最终还是把价格降到了 10 英镑。
Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away when, a moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands.
我耸了耸肩，转身准备离开，不一会儿他就追了上来，把笔塞进了我的手里。
Though he kept throwing up his arms in despair, he readily accepted the £5 I gave him.
尽管他一直绝望地挥舞着手臂，但还是痛快地收下了我给的 5 英镑。
I felt especially pleased with my wonderful bargain — until I got back to the ship.
我为自己这笔漂亮的交易感到特别得意—— 直到我回到船上。
No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink and to this day it has never written a single word!
不管我怎么努力，都没法给这支漂亮的笔灌上墨水，直到今天，它也从来没写出过一个字！
课文分析
1. Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour.
句子类型：主从复合句，由主句加时间状语从句构成
核心结构：主句 Small boats sped to the great liner + 后置定语 loaded with wares + as 引导的时间状语从句 she was entering the harbour
语法要点：loaded with wares 是过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句 which were loaded with wares；as 引导时间状语从句，表两个动作同步进行；was entering 为过去进行时，强调过去持续的动作；英语常用拟人代词 she 指代船只。
释义：当这艘大型客轮驶入港口时，满载货物的小船纷纷朝它疾驰而来。
2. Before she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board and the decks were soon covered with colourful rugs from Persia, silks from India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful handmade silverware.
句子类型：主从复合句，时间状语从句衔接两个并列主句
核心结构：Before 引导时间状语从句 she had anchored + 并列主句 1 the men had climbed on board + 并列主句 2 the decks were covered with 一系列并列名词
语法要点：before 引导时间状语从句，体现动作先后；had anchored、had climbed 均为过去完成时，表 “过去的过去”；were covered with 是一般过去时被动语态；句中多个名词短语并列，作介词 with 的宾语。
释义：客轮尚未抛锚，小船上的商贩就已爬上甲板，甲板上很快摆满了波斯彩毯、印度丝绸、铜质咖啡壶以及精致的手工银器。
3. It was difficult not to be tempted.
句子类型：简单句，经典形式主语句型
核心结构：It + be 动词 + 形容词 + not to do
语法要点：it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式 not to be tempted，避免句式头重脚轻；difficult not to 构成双重否定，表达肯定含义；to be tempted 是不定式被动形式。
释义：人很难不心生诱惑。
4. Many of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen, but I decided not to buy anything until I had disembarked.
句子类型：并列复合句，转折并列句内嵌时间状语从句
核心结构：分句 1 Many of the tourists had begun bargaining + but 转折连词 + 分句 2 I decided not to buy anything + until 引导时间状语从句 I had disembarked
语法要点：but 连接语义转折的两个分句；begin bargaining 为固定用法，表开始做某事；decide not to do 表示决定不做某事；until 引导时间状语从句，限定动作终止的时间；主句、从句均使用过去完成时。
释义：船上不少游客已经开始和商贩讨价还价，但我打定主意，不下船就什么都不买。
5. I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring.
句子类型：主从复合句，固定句型搭配定语从句
核心结构：固定句型 had no sooner done...than... + 定语从句 who wanted to sell me a diamond ring 修饰先行词 a man
语法要点：no sooner...than... 是固定句式，意为 “一…… 就……”，前半句用过去完成时，后半句用一般过去时；was assailed by 为一般过去时被动语态；who 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语；sell sb. sth. 是双宾语结构。
释义：我刚一走下船，就被一个兜售钻戒的男人缠上了。
6. I had no intention of buying one, but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds.
句子类型：并列复合句，转折并列句内嵌同位语从句
核心结构：分句 1 I had no intention of buying one + but 转折连词 + 分句 2 I could not conceal the fact + that 引导同位语从句解释 fact
语法要点：have no intention of doing 为固定搭配，意为无意做某事；that 引导同位语从句，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分；was impressed by 表 “对…… 印象深刻”，为被动含义的固定短语。
释义：我压根没打算买钻戒，可也不得不承认，这些钻石的个头着实让我吃了一惊。
7. Some of them were as big as marbles.
句子类型：简单句，主系表结构，含同级比较
核心结构：主语 Some of them + 系动词 were + 表语，采用 as + 形容词原级 + as 比较结构
语法要点：as...as... 引导同级比较，意为 “和…… 一样”；代词 them 指代前文出现的 diamonds，避免重复。
释义：其中有些钻石和弹珠一般大小。
8. The man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real.
句子类型：主从复合句，主句内嵌宾语从句
核心结构：主语 The man + 谓语短语 went to great lengths to prove + that 引导宾语从句
语法要点：go to great lengths to do 是固定短语，意为竭尽全力做某事；that 引导宾语从句，作动词 prove 的宾语，从句为完整主系表结构。
释义：这个男人想尽各种办法，证明这些钻石是真品。
9. As we were walking past a shop, he held a diamond firmly against the window and made a deep impression in the glass.
句子类型：主从复合句，时间状语从句搭配并列谓语主句
核心结构：As 引导时间状语从句 we were walking past a shop + 主句 he held a diamond... and made a deep impression...
语法要点：as 引导时间状语从句，强调主从句动作同时发生；were walking 为过去进行时，描述背景动作；主句中 held 和 made 是并列谓语；hold sth. against sth. 表示将某物抵在某物上。
释义：我们路过一家店铺时，他把一颗钻石紧紧按在橱窗上，在玻璃面上压出了一道深深的痕迹。
10. It took me over half an hour to get rid of him.
句子类型：简单句，经典形式主语句型
核心结构：It takes sb. some time to do sth.
语法要点：it 作形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语 to get rid of him；take 在此表示花费时间；get rid of 为固定短语，意为摆脱、甩掉。
释义：我花了半个多小时才摆脱他。
11. The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches.
句子类型：简单句
核心结构：主语 The next man + 后置定语 to approach me + 谓语 was selling + 宾语 expensive pens and watches
语法要点：不定式 to approach me 作后置定语，修饰名词 man，名词被 next 修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语；was selling 为过去进行时，描述过去正在进行的动作。
释义：紧接着又有一个人走到我面前，向我兜售高档钢笔和手表。
12. I examined one of the pens closely.
句子类型：简单句，主谓宾结构
核心结构：主语 I + 谓语 examined + 宾语 one of the pens + 状语 closely
语法要点：one of + 复数名词，表示 “…… 其中之一”；副词 closely 作方式状语，修饰动词 examined。
释义：我拿起其中一支钢笔仔细端详。
13. It certainly looked genuine.
句子类型：简单句，主系表结构
核心结构：主语 It + 系动词 looked + 表语 genuine
语法要点：look 为感官系动词，后接形容词作表语；副词 certainly 作状语，修饰系动词。
释义：这支笔看起来确实像正品。
14. At the base of the gold cap, the words ‘made in the U.S.A.’ had been neatly inscribed.
句子类型：简单句，被动句式
核心结构：地点状语 At the base of the gold cap + 主语 the words + 谓语 had been neatly inscribed
语法要点：地点状语前置，起到强调作用；had been inscribed 是过去完成时被动语态，表动作发生在过去动作之前；made in the U.S.A. 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 the words；副词 neatly 修饰谓语动词。
释义：金色笔帽的底端，工整地刻着“美国制造” 的字样。
15. The man said that the pen was worth £50, but as a special favour, he would let me have it for £30.
句子类型：并列复合句，转折并列句内嵌宾语从句
核心结构：分句 1 The man said + that 引导宾语从句 + but 转折连词 + 分句 2 he would let me have it
语法要点：that 引导宾语从句，作 said 的宾语，主从句时态呼应；be worth + 金额，表价值多少钱；as a special favour 为固定短语，意为格外优惠；let sb. have sth. for + 金额，口语中表示以某价格卖给某人。
释义：那人说这支笔价值五十英镑，不过愿意给我优惠价，三十英镑就卖给我。
16. I shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that I was willing to pay £5.
句子类型：主从复合句，主句内嵌宾语从句
核心结构：主语 I + 并列谓语 shook... and held up... + 现在分词短语作伴随状语 indicating + that 引导宾语从句
语法要点：shook 和 held up 为并列谓语，描述连续动作；现在分词 indicating 作伴随状语，表动作同步发生；that 引导宾语从句，作 indicating 的宾语；be willing to do 为固定搭配，意为愿意做某事。
释义：我摇了摇头，伸出五根手指，示意我只愿意出价五英镑。
17. Gesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he found my offer outrageous, but he eventually reduced the price to £10.
句子类型：并列复合句，转折并列句内嵌方式状语从句
核心结构：现在分词短语作状语 Gesticulating wildly + 分句 1 the man acted + as if 引导方式状语从句 + but 转折连词 + 分句 2 he reduced the price
语法要点：句首现在分词短语作伴随状语，逻辑主语与主句主语一致；as if 引导方式状语从句，意为仿佛、好像；reduce sth. to + 金额，表把价格降至……。
释义：他夸张地手舞足蹈，一副觉得我出价离谱的模样，但最后还是把价格降到了十英镑。
18. Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away when, a moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands.
句子类型：并列句
核心结构：现在分词短语作状语 Shrugging my shoulders + 前半句 I began to walk away + when 连接后半句 he ran after me and thrust the pen
语法要点：现在分词短语作伴随状语；此处 when 表 “就在这时”，强调动作突发；ran after 和 thrust 为并列谓语；thrust sth. into one's hands 表示把某物塞进某人手中。
释义：我耸了耸肩转身离开，没走几步，他就追了上来，把那支笔硬塞到我手里。
19. Though he kept throwing up his arms in despair, he readily accepted the £5 I gave him.
句子类型：主从复合句，让步状语从句搭配定语从句
核心结构：Though 引导让步状语从句 + 主句 he readily accepted the £5 + 定语从句 I gave him
语法要点：though 引导让步状语从句，表虽然、尽管，不与 but 连用；keep doing 表示持续做某事；I gave him 是省略关系代词的限制性定语从句，修饰 the £5；副词 readily 修饰谓语动词。
释义：尽管他一直懊恼地挥舞着手臂，却还是爽快地收下了我递过去的五英镑。
20. I felt especially pleased with my wonderful bargain — until I got back to the ship.
句子类型：主从复合句，主句加时间状语从句
核心结构：主句 I felt pleased with my wonderful bargain + until 引导时间状语从句 I got back to the ship
语法要点：feel pleased with 为固定搭配，意为对…… 感到满意；破折号起到语义转折、补充说明的作用；until 引导时间状语从句，表动作状态持续到某一时间终止。
释义：我还为这笔划算的交易暗自得意，直到回到船上，这份心情才戛然而止。
21. No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink and to this day it has never written a single word!
句子类型：并列复合句，让步状语从句衔接两个并列主句
核心结构：No matter how 引导让步状语从句 + 主句 1 it was impossible to fill the pen + and 连接主句 2 it has never written a single word
语法要点：no matter how 引导让步状语从句，意为无论多么……；it 作形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语 fill...with...；fill sth. with sth. 表示用某物填满某物；has never written 为现在完成时，动作从过去延续至今；to this day 为固定短语，意为直到如今。
释义：可我无论怎么尝试，都没法给这支漂亮的笔灌进墨水，直到现在，它也没能写出一个字来。
词汇分析
一、核心词汇
1.ware /weə(r)/n.（复数 wares）商品，货物
课文释义：货品、小商品
补充：常用复数形式 wares，多指沿街 / 船上售卖的小件商品；区别于 goods（通用货物）、commodity（大宗商品 / 日用品）。
例句：The peddler sold his wares on the dock. 小贩在码头兜售货品。
2.liner /ˈlaɪnə(r)/n. 大型客轮，邮轮
补充：ocean liner 远洋客轮；air liner 民航客机
3.anchor /ˈæŋkə(r)/v. 抛锚，停泊 n. 锚
课文释义：（船）抛锚
搭配：anchor a ship 泊船；drop anchor 下锚
4.deck /dek/n. 甲板，层面
拓展：on deck 在甲板上；upper deck 上层甲板
5.tempt /tempt/v. 引诱，诱惑，使动心
派生词：temptation n. 诱惑；tempting adj. 诱人的
用法：tempt sb. to do sth. 引诱某人做某事
6.tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/n. 游客，旅行者
7.bargain /ˈbɑːɡən/v. 讨价还价 n. 便宜货，交易
课文释义：v. 议价、砍价
派生词：bargainer n. 议价者
8.tradesman /ˈtreɪdzmən/n. 商贩，生意人，店主
9.disembark /ˌdɪsɪmˈbɑːk/v. 下船，登陆
反义词：embark v. 上船；登机
10.assail /əˈseɪl/v. 纠缠，围攻；抨击
课文释义：缠住（人）
用法：be assailed by sb./sth. 被某人纠缠 / 被某事困扰
11.intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/n. 意图，打算
派生词：intend v. 打算；intent adj. 专注的
12.conceal /kənˈsiːl/v. 隐藏，隐瞒
近义词：hide（通用），conceal 更正式，侧重刻意掩饰
13.impress /ɪmˈpres/v. 使印象深刻，打动
派生词：impression n. 印象；impressive adj. 令人赞叹的
14.marble /ˈmɑːbl/n. 弹珠；大理石
15.genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/adj. 真的，正品的；真诚的
反义词：fake adj. 假冒的
16.inscribe /ɪnˈskraɪb/v. 雕刻，题写
用法：inscribe words on sth. 在某物上刻字
17.favour /ˈfeɪvə(r)/ (美 favor) n. 恩惠，优待 v. 偏爱
课文释义：优惠
18.indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/v. 示意，表明，暗示
派生词：indication n. 迹象，示意
19.gesticulate /dʒeˈstɪkjuleɪt/v. （激动地）做手势，比划
副词：gesticulatingly 打着手势地
20.outrageous /aʊtˈreɪdʒəs/adj. 离谱的，过分的；骇人听闻的
课文释义：（价格）离谱的、无法接受的
21.reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/v. 降低，减少
课文释义：削减（价格）
22.shrug /ʃrʌɡ/v. 耸肩（表无奈、不在意）
23.thrust /θrʌst/v. (thrust, thrust) 猛塞，推，挤
课文释义：硬塞、递过来
24.despair /dɪˈspeə(r)/n. 绝望 v. 失望
搭配：in despair 绝望地
25.readily /ˈredɪli/adv. 爽快地，乐意地；轻易地
26.bargain /ˈbɑːɡən/n. 划算的交易，便宜货（二次释义）
二、高级固定搭配
这类搭配是新概念高频考点、写作加分短语，标注使用场景 + 例句：
1.loaded with wares满载货物
核心结构：(be) loaded with + 名词装满 / 载满……
场景：书面描述船只、车辆、容器，阅读 / 写作高频
例句：The truck was loaded with fresh fruits. 卡车满载新鲜水果。
2.on board在船上 / 飞机上 / 车上
固定短语，无冠词，通用交通场景
例句：All passengers on board must fasten seat belts. 所有车上乘客必须系好安全带。
3.be covered with被…… 覆盖
强调表面铺满某物，正式书面用语
例句：The ground is covered with snow in winter. 冬天大地被白雪覆盖。
4.have no intention of doing sth.无意做某事，不打算做某事
高级替换：不使用 plan not to do，书面 / 口语均可，写作高分搭配
例句：She has no intention of giving up her dream. 她无意放弃自己的梦想。
5.be impressed by/with对…… 印象深刻
描述人、事物、景色通用，作文万能搭配
例句：I was deeply impressed by his kindness. 他的善良给我留下了深刻印象。
6.go to great lengths to do sth.竭尽全力 / 想方设法做某事
顶级高级搭配，雅思 / 考研写作、口语加分，强调 “不惜尽力”
例句：Parents go to great lengths to protect their children. 父母会竭尽全力保护孩子。
7.get rid of摆脱；除掉，丢弃
日常 + 书面通用，使用频率极高
例句：I want to get rid of this old bike. 我想丢掉这辆旧自行车。
8.be worth + 金额价值多少钱
表物品价值，基础但必考搭配
拓展：be worth doing 值得做某事
9.as a special favour作为特别优惠；格外关照
商业、日常交际场景专用
10.let sb. have sth. for + 价格以某价格卖给某人某物
口语化交易专用搭配，地道英式表达
11.be willing to do sth.愿意做某事
通用基础搭配，作文必用
12.reduce sth. to + 数值 / 价格把…… 降至（某数字 / 价格）
描述降价、减量、降级，阅读写作高频
13.thrust sth. into one's hands把某物猛地塞进某人手里
动作描写短语，记叙文加分
14.keep doing sth.持续不断做某事
基础核心搭配，强调动作反复、不停歇
15.throw up one's arms举起双臂（表无奈、绝望）
动作神态描写短语，地道英文表达
16.in despair绝望地，无奈地
作状语，修饰动作，记叙文常用
17.feel pleased with sth.对某事 / 某物感到满意
情绪描写搭配
18.fill sth. with sth.用…… 填满……
基础万能搭配
19.to this day直到如今，至今
用于讲述过往经历、遗留状况，时态常搭配现在完成时
三、拓展高频搭配
（一）与买卖、议价、商贸相关拓展（本课主题延伸）
1.bargain for sth.预料到；指望得到某物
2.a real bargain物美价廉的东西，捡漏
3.drive a hard bargain拼命砍价，善于议价
4.haggle over price（非正式）讨价还价（替换 bargain）
5.cut the price降价（口语）= reduce the price
6.discount price折扣价
7.second-hand goods二手商品
8.counterfeit products仿冒品，假货（对应 genuine 正品）
（二）与情绪、神态、动作描写相关拓展（记叙文通用）
1.be tempted by sth.被某物吸引
2.conceal one's feelings掩饰情绪
3.in despair of...对…… 感到绝望
4.shrug off不以为然，一笑置之
5.gesture to sb.向某人示意（简化 gesticulate）
6.be pleased at/with对…… 满意（同义替换）
（三）高阶同义短语替换（写作升级，替换课文基础搭配）
1.get rid of → rid oneself of (正式) 摆脱
2.go to great lengths to do → spare no effort to do不遗余力做（写作满分替换）
3.have no intention of doing → have no plan to do / intend not to do
4.be impressed by → be struck by被…… 深深打动（文学化表达）
5.in despair → desperately (副词替换) 绝望地
（四）分词、定语拓展搭配（语法应用）
1.过去分词作定语：equipped with配备有（同 loaded with 结构）
2.现在分词作伴随状语：smiling broadly笑容满面地；waving hands挥着手
（五）时间 / 交通场景拓展（船只、出行）
1.set sail 启航
2.pull into the harbour 驶入港口
3.on the voyage 在航行途中
4.passenger liner 客运邮轮
句型
句 1
课文原句：It was difficult not to be tempted.
核心句型：It + be + 形容词 + not to do sth.
套用说明：经典双重否定句式，表“很难不做某事”。可替换形容词、后面的动词短语，用于表达内心感受、客观倾向。
仿写例句：It was hard not to admire his perseverance.
例句翻译：人们很难不钦佩他的毅力。
句 2
课文原句：I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man.
核心句型：主语 + had no sooner done sth. than + 主语 + did sth.
套用说明：表“一…… 就……”，时态固定（前完后一过），叙事、场景描写高分句型。替换动作动词、人物相关内容即可。
仿写例句：I had no sooner arrived at school than the bell rang.
例句翻译：我刚到学校，上课铃就响了。
句 3
课文原句：He went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real.
核心句型：主语 + go to great lengths to do sth. + that 从句
套用说明：表达“竭尽全力做某事来证明 / 达成……”，议论文、人物描写万能句式，可更换主语、动作、从句内容。
仿写例句：She went to great lengths to show that she was fully prepared.
例句翻译：她竭尽全力证明自己已经做好了充分准备。
句 4
课文原句：It took me over half an hour to get rid of him.
核心句型：It takes/took sb. + 时长 + to do sth.
套用说明：描述“某人花费多久完成某事”，英语基础且必考句型，替换时长、行为动词就能适配各类话题。
仿写例句：It took us two hours to finish the difficult task.
例句翻译：我们花了两个小时才完成这项艰巨的任务。
句 5
课文原句：No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill the pen with ink.
核心句型：No matter how + 形容词 / 副词 + 主谓，主句
套用说明：让步状语经典句式，表“无论多么……，都无法……”，适合观点论述、挫折类话题，灵活替换形容词 / 副词与主句内容。
仿写例句：No matter how busy he is, he never misses family dinners.
例句翻译：无论他多忙碌，都不会缺席家庭聚餐。
