1、It has been at an evolutionary(进化的) standstill(停滞)/ever since/ it was first propagated(被繁殖) /in the jungles of South-East Asia /at the end of the last ice age.
·at a standstill:处于停滞状态,常用于描述经济、科技或生物进化。
·时间轴逻辑:
Last Ice Age (Past)→ It was propagated(触发点) → From that point on (ever since)→ Present→ It has been at a standstill(持续状态)
·时态分析:
主句:has been(现在完成时) → 强调从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的状态。
从句:was propagated(一般过去时被动语态) → 表示“被繁殖/传播”这个动作发生在过去的特定时间点(冰河时代末期)。
2、virtually inedible
Virtually=almost, nearly, practically几乎,差不多(强调无限接近极限状态)
Inedible=uneatable(因毒性), unpalatable (因口感)不可食用的
3、But now and then(但偶尔), hunter-gatherers(狩猎采集者) must have discovered rare mutant plants(罕见的突变植物)/that produced seedless, edible fruits.
4、Geneticists(遗传学家)now know/ that the vast majority (绝大多数)of these soft-fruited plants /resulted from(由...导致)genetic accidents(遗传事故)/ that gavetheir cells three copies of each chromosome(染色体)instead of the usual two(而不是通常的两个).
5、This imbalance /prevents seeds and pollen /from developing normally, rendering the mutantplants sterile.
·分词作结果状语:rendering... sterile。它替代了 and renders或 which renders,使句子更紧凑。
逻辑: prevents...(动作)→ rendering...(该动作的直接后果),表示前一个动作(prevents)所导致的自然结果(resulting in...)
·prevents... from阻止...做某事(高频搭配)
·developing normally正常发育(生物学术语)
·rendering=making/ causing to be/ resulting in致使,使...处于某种状态(高级动词)
·sterile不育的(指无法产生种子/花粉)
6、be doomed to:强烈贬义,专指注定的失败或厄运。
基础:The plan will definitely fail.
学术:The plan is doomed to failure.
进阶:The plan is destined to faildue to its inherent flaws.
话题应用(高频场景):
环境类:描述物种灭绝或生态崩溃(be doomed to extinction)。
社会类:评论注定失败的政策或计划(be doomed to fail)。
历史类:分析古代文明衰落的必然性(was doomed from the outset)。
7、are invading 正在侵袭 / 大举入侵
8、In some ways, the banana today resembles(类似于) the potato /before blight(枯萎病) brought famine(饥荒)to Ireland a century and a half ago.
9、But it holds a lesson for other crops, too, saysEmile Frison, top banana at the International Network for the Improvement ofBanana and Plantain in Montpellier, France.
·holds a lesson蕴含教训(hold 表“包含、具有”)
·top banana双关语:① 香蕉专家 ② 负责人/头号人物(口语)
10、The state of the banana, Frison warns,can teach abroader lesson: the increasing standardisation of food crops /round the world /is threatening their ability to adapt and survive.
·主句(核心论点):
主语:The state of the banana(香蕉的现状)
插入语:Frison warns(专家警告,作插入语)
谓语:can teach
宾语:a broader lesson(一个更广泛的教训)
·同位语从句(具体解释教训):
主语:the increasing standardisation of food crops(粮食作物的日益标准化)
谓语:is threatening
宾语:their ability to adapt and survive(它们的适应和生存能力)