新概念英语第二册Lesson30 学习笔记
核心词汇+词根
核心词汇均来自本课原文,结合词根词缀帮助理解记忆,补充常用搭配、例句及课文原句,贴合语境,便于掌握和运用,同时区分易混词,适配Lesson30课文场景(侧重“购物、商品、价格、交易”相关)。
- shop (n. / v.) 商店(n.);购物(v.)(本课侧重“商店”及购物场景)
词根:shop(本身为词根,表“商店、购物”),源自古英语scoppa(棚屋、商店)
搭配:a small shop 小商店;go shopping 去购物;in the shop 在商店里;shop for sth. 购买某物
课文原句:There is a small shop near my home and I often shop there on weekends.
词根:price(本身为词根,表“价格”),源自古法语pris(价格、价值)
搭配:low price 低价;high price 高价;the price of……的价格;at a good price 以合理的价格
课文原句:The price of this book is very low and I want to buy it.
词根:buy(本身为词根,表“买、购买”),源自古英语bycgan(买、获得)
搭配:buy sth. 买某物;buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物;buy sth. at a price 以某价格买某物
课文原句:She buys a new pen in the shop every month.(她每个月都在这家商店买一支新钢笔。)
词根:sell(本身为词根,表“卖、出售”),源自古英语sellan(给予、出售)
搭配:sell sth. 卖某物;sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人;sell at a price 以某价格出售
课文原句:The shop sells many kinds of books and pens.(这家商店出售各种各样的书和钢笔。)
词根:cheap(本身为词根,表“便宜的”),源自古英语ceap(交易、便宜)
搭配:cheap goods 便宜的商品;a cheap pen 一支便宜的钢笔;very cheap 非常便宜
课文原句:This pen is very cheap and it is only five yuan.
词根:ex-(前缀,表“超出”)+ pens(词根,表“花费”)+ ive(形容词后缀),合起来即“花费超出预期的”→ 昂贵的
搭配:expensive clothes 昂贵的衣服;an expensive book 一本昂贵的书;not expensive 不贵
课文原句:That book is too expensive and I can’t buy it.
核心语法
本课核心语法为 一般现在时表购物场景(综合运用)及形容词比较级(基础:cheap/expensive的比较级),结合课文中“购物、询问价格、对比商品”的场景,重点讲解一般现在时在购物场景的句式运用、形容词cheap和expensive的比较级变化及用法,衔接前期时态知识,提升购物场景的表达准确性。
- 核心含义:用一般现在时描述“经常性的购物动作”(如经常去商店购物、经常买某物)、“商店的常规经营状态”(如商店出售某物)或“商品的固定价格”,是购物场景的核心时态。
- 主语 + buy(s) + 某物 + in/from the shop + 时间状语.(表示“某人经常在商店买某物”)
例:I buy pens in this shop every month.(我每个月都在这家商店买钢笔。);She buys a book every week.(她每周买一本书。)
- 主语(商店/人) + sell(s) + 某物 + to sb. / in the shop.(表示“某人/商店出售某物”)
例:The shop sells books to students.(这家商店向学生出售书籍。);He sells his old pens to his classmates.(他把自己的旧钢笔卖给同学。)
- 主语(商品) + be + 价格 / cheap/expensive.(表示“商品的价格或贵贱”)
例:This pen is five yuan.(这支钢笔5元钱。);That book is expensive.(那本书很贵。)
- 注意:主语为第三人称单数时,buy→buys、sell→sells,be动词用is;非三单主语用动词原形、be动词用are。
- 形容词比较级(基础:cheap/expensive)
- 核心含义:用于对比两件商品的价格(贵贱),贴合本课“对比商品、选择购物”的场景,掌握cheap和expensive的比较级变化及基本用法。
- cheap(便宜的):比较级为 cheaper(更便宜的),单音节词,直接加-er
基本句式:A is cheaper than B.(A比B更便宜。)
例:This pen is cheaper than that one.(这支钢笔比那支更便宜。)
- expensive(昂贵的):比较级为 more expensive(更昂贵的),多音节词,前面加more
基本句式:A is more expensive than B.(A比B更昂贵。)
例:This book is more expensive than that pen.(这本书比那支钢笔更昂贵。)
- 注意:比较级than后面接对比的对象(如that pen、that one),不可直接接形容词(如错误:This pen is cheaper than expensive. 正确:This pen is cheaper than that expensive one.)。
两者是反义词,核心区别:
① buy:表示“买”,主语是“购买者”,动作指向“获得某物”(如I buy a pen. 我买一支钢笔。);
② sell:表示“卖”,主语是“出售者/商店”,动作指向“出让某物获得金钱”(如The shop sells pens. 商店卖钢笔。);
搭配关联:buy sth. from sb.(从某人那里买某物);sell sth. to sb.(把某物卖给某人)。
核心句型
核心句型均来自本课原文,标注句型结构、用法及含义,补充仿写例句,结合一般现在时购物场景运用和形容词比较级,帮助灵活运用,贴合课文“购物、询问价格、对比商品”场景。
- 句型1:主语 + buy(s) + 某物 + in the shop + 时间状语.(表示“某人经常在商店买某物”,一般现在时)
课文原句:I buy pens in this small shop every month.(我每个月都在这家小商店买钢笔。)
仿写:She buys books in that shop every weekend.(她每个周末都在那家商店买书。)
- 句型2:主语(商店) + sell(s) + 某物 + in the shop.(表示“商店出售某物”,一般现在时)
课文原句:The shop sells many kinds of pens and books.(这家商店出售各种各样的钢笔和书籍。)
仿写:That shop sells cheap clothes for children.(那家商店出售便宜的儿童服装。)
- 句型3:What is the price of + 某物?(询问价格)(表示“某物的价格是多少?”,同义句:How much is + 某物?)
课文原句:— What is the price of this pen?(这支钢笔的价格是多少?)— It is five yuan.(5元钱。)
仿写:— What is the price of that book?(那本书的价格是多少?)— It is twenty yuan.(20元钱。)
- 句型4:某物 + is + cheaper/more expensive + than + 另一物.(表示“某物比另一物更便宜/更昂贵”,比较级用法)
课文原句:This pen is cheaper than that one.(这支钢笔比那支更便宜。)
仿写:That book is more expensive than this pen.(那本书比这支钢笔更昂贵。)
- 句型5:主语 + can’t buy + 某物 + because + 它 is too expensive/cheap.(表示“某人不能买某物,因为它太……”)
课文原句:I can’t buy that book because it is too expensive.(我不能买那本书,因为它太贵了。)
仿写:She can’t buy that pen because it is too cheap(她不能买那支钢笔,因为它太便宜了。)
重点知识
涵盖课文难点、固定搭配、易错点及语境解析,聚焦一般现在时购物场景运用和形容词比较级(cheap/expensive),帮助全面掌握本课重点,规避常见错误,贴合Lesson30学习需求。
- a small/big shop 小/大商店;go shopping 去购物;in the shop 在商店里;shop for sth. 购买某物
- low/high price 低/高价;the price of……的价格;at a good price 以合理的价格;a low price 低价
- buy sth. 买某物;buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物;buy sth. from sb. 从某人那里买某物
- sell sth. 卖某物;sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人;sell at a price 以某价格出售;sell books 卖书
- cheap goods/pen/book 便宜的商品/钢笔/书;very cheap 非常便宜;cheaper than 比……更便宜
- expensive clothes/book/pen 昂贵的衣服/书/钢笔;more expensive than 比……更昂贵;not expensive 不贵
- 一般现在时在购物场景的运用:重点掌握buy和sell的三单变化(buy→buys、sell→sells),结合时间状语(every day、every week)判断时态,避免动词形式错误。
- 形容词比较级的用法:牢记cheap(单音节)→ cheaper、expensive(多音节)→ more expensive的变化规则,掌握“A is + 比较级 + than B”的基本句式,注意than后接对比对象。
- 价格询问的两种句式:区分“What is the price of + 某物?”和“How much is + 某物?”,两者同义,可互换使用,注意语序正确(如错误:What the price of this pen? 正确:What is the price of this pen?)。
- buy与sell的搭配关联:牢记“buy from”和“sell to”的固定搭配,避免混淆(如错误:buy sth. to sb. 正确:buy sth. for sb.;错误:sell sth. from sb. 正确:sell sth. to sb.)。
- 一般现在时三单错误:主语是三单时,buy和sell未变三单(错误:He buy a pen every day. 正确:He buys a pen every day.;错误:The shop sell books. 正确:The shop sells books.)。
- 比较级变化错误:expensive的比较级误用expensiveer(错误:This book is expensiveer than that one. 正确:This book is more expensive than that one.);cheap的比较级误用more cheap(错误:This pen is more cheap than that one. 正确:This pen is cheaper than that one.)。
- 价格询问句式错误:遗漏be动词或语序混乱(错误:What the price of this book? 正确:What is the price of this book?;错误:How much this pen is? 正确:How much is this pen?)。
- buy与sell搭配错误:混淆“buy from”和“sell to”(错误:I buy a pen to the shop. 正确:I buy a pen from the shop.;错误:The shop sells books from students. 正确:The shop sells books to students.)。
5道例题+答案
例题围绕本课核心语法(一般现在时购物场景运用、形容词比较级)、核心词汇和句型设计,贴合课文难度,侧重基础巩固和易错点考查,帮助检验学习效果,适配Lesson30知识点。
例题1(词汇+一般现在时三单)
The shop ______ (sell) many kinds of pens and books.(用sell的适当形式填空)
A. sell B. sells C. sold D. will sell
答案:B
解析:句子表商店的常规经营状态,用一般现在时,主语the shop是第三人称单数,sell的三单形式为sells,故选B。
例题2(语法:形容词比较级)
This pen is ______ (cheap) than that one.(用cheap的比较级填空)
答案:cheaper
解析:cheap是单音节形容词,比较级直接加-er,结合句式“A is + 比较级 + than B”,故填cheaper。
例题3(句型仿写)
根据例句仿写句子:
例句:What is the price of this pen? It is five yuan.(这支钢笔的价格是多少?5元钱。)
仿写:What is the price of that book? It ______ (be) twenty yuan.(那本书的价格是多少?20元钱。)
答案:is
解析:结合例句结构,询问价格的回答用“主语 + be + 价格”,主语it是单数,be动词用is,故填is。
例题4(易错点:三单、比较级、buy与sell搭配)
下列句子中,语法正确且符合语境的是( )
A. He buy a pen from the shop every day. B. This book is more cheap than that pen. C. What is the price of this book? D. The shop sells books from students.
答案:C
解析:A错误,主语he是三单,buy用buys,应改为He buys a pen from the shop every day.;B错误,cheap的比较级是cheaper,应改为This book is cheaper than that pen.;C正确,价格询问句式正确,符合语法;D错误,sell sth. to sb. 是固定搭配,from改为to,应改为The shop sells books to students.。
例题5(综合运用)
用括号内动词/形容词的适当形式填空,使句子完整通顺。
- She ______ (buy) a pen in the shop every month and she ______ (think) it is cheap.(一般现在时三单)
- The shop ______ (sell) books and the price of the books ______ (be) low.(一般现在时)
- This pen is ______ (cheap) than that one, but that book is ______ (expensive) than this pen.(比较级)
- — What ______ (be) the price of that pen?
— It ______ (be) ten yuan. I ______ (buy) it from the shop yesterday.(价格询问+一般过去时)
答案:1. buys; thinks;2. sells; is;3. cheaper; more expensive;4. is; is; bought
解析:1. 主语she是三单,buy用buys,think用thinks;2. 主语the shop是三单,sell用sells;the price是单数,be用is;3. cheap的比较级是cheaper,expensive的比较级是more expensive;4. 询问价格用is,回答用is;yesterday表过去,buy用过去式bought。