Lesson 44 Speed and comfort
课文原文：
People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.
长途旅行的人常常得决定，自己是更愿意走陆路、海路，还是坐飞机。
Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours.
几乎没有人能真正享受连续坐几小时以上的火车。
Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy.
火车车厢很快就会变得拥挤又闷热。
It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.
想把注意力从旅途中转移开几乎是不可能的。
Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.
看书只能算是个治标不治本的办法，因为车轮在铁轨上单调的咔嗒声很快就会催你入睡。
During the day, sleep comes in snatches.
白天只能断断续续地打个盹。
At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so.
到了晚上，当你真的想睡觉时，却几乎睡不着。
If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your ticket for inspection.
就算你运气好买到了卧铺，也得花半宿时间盯着天花板上那盏小小的蓝色指示灯，或是摸索着找票接受检查。
Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.
结果就是，你抵达目的地时几乎筋疲力尽。
Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read.
长途自驾就更不舒服了，因为你连看书都几乎做不到。
On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic.
在高速公路上，你至少还能比较安全地高速行驶，但大部分时候，旅途的大部分时间都耗在服务区稀少、车流又拥堵的路上。
By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts.
相比之下，坐渡轮或邮轮就能享受到各种舒适的文明服务。
You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food — always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm.
你可以在宽敞的甲板上舒展腿脚、玩游戏、认识有趣的人，还能享用美食 —— 当然，前提是海面风平浪静。
If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse.
可一旦海面不平静，你又晕船的话，那这就是最糟糕的交通方式了。
Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time.
就算天气再好，海上旅行也要花很长时间。
Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.
愿意为了享受海上旅行而牺牲假期时间的人，还是少之又少。
Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them.
飞机一向被认为很危险，就连经常出差的老旅客也会对它心存顾虑。
They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport.
而且，坐飞机还有个缺点：票价很贵。
But nothing can match them for speed and comfort.
但说到速度和舒适度，没有任何交通方式能比得上它。
Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience.
在 3 万英尺的高空、云层之上，以每小时 500 多英里的速度飞行，是一种令人心旷神怡的体验。
You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly.
你根本不用想办法转移注意力，因为飞机会很快把你送到目的地。
For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight.
你可以在舒适的扶手椅上放松下来，享受几小时的飞行时光。
The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services.
喜欢享受的人还能在某些航班上看电影、喝香槟。
But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied.
就算没有这些精致服务，也有很多事能让你打发时间。
An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world.
飞机能让你看到与众不同、令人惊叹的世界景象。
You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys.
你毫不费力地飞越高山和深谷。
You really see the shape of the land.
你能真切地看清大地的轮廓。
If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky.
如果地面景色被云层挡住了，你还能欣赏到绵延数英里、一望无际的云海，而此时阳光正明媚地洒在晴朗的天空中。
The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping.
飞行过程如此平稳，你完全可以安心看书或睡觉。
However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled.
不管你打算怎么打发时间，有一点是肯定的：你抵达目的地时会神清气爽、衣冠整齐。
You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.
你也不用花接下来好几天的时间，从一段漫长又辛苦的旅途中缓过来。
课文分析：
1. People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 宾语从句）
·核心结构：People (travelling long distances) frequently have to decide + whether 引导的宾语从句
·语法要点：
1.现在分词短语 travelling long distances 作后置定语，修饰 people，相当于定语从句 who travel long distances
2.whether 引导宾语从句，作 decide 的宾语，从句中 prefer to do 表示 “更愿意做某事”
3.by land/sea/air 为固定搭配，表示 “走陆路 / 海路 / 乘飞机”
·释义：长途旅行的人常常得决定，自己是更愿意走陆路、海路，还是坐飞机。
2. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：Hardly anyone can enjoy sitting in a train (状语)
·语法要点：
1.hardly anyone 表示 “几乎没有人”，含否定意味
2.enjoy doing sth. 为固定搭配，后接动名词作宾语
3.positively 此处表示 “真正地、确实地”，而非 “积极地”
·释义：几乎没有人能真正享受连续坐几小时以上的火车。
3. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy.
·句子类型：简单句（主系表结构）
·核心结构：Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy
·语法要点：
1.get 此处为系动词，后接形容词 cramped 和 stuffy 作表语，表示 “变得……”
2.cramped and stuffy 为并列形容词，共同描述车厢状态
·释义：火车车厢很快就会变得拥挤又闷热。
4. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.
·句子类型：简单句（形式主语句型）
·核心结构：It is impossible to take your mind off the journey
·语法要点：
1.It 为形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语 to take your mind off the journey
2.take one's mind off sth. 为固定搭配，表示 “转移对某事的注意力”
·释义：想把注意力从旅途中转移开几乎是不可能的。
5. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.
·句子类型：并列句（由 for 连接的因果并列句）
·核心结构：Reading is a partial solution, + for 引导的原因状语分句
·语法要点：
1.Reading 为动名词，在主句中作主语
2.for 为并列连词，此处表 “因为”，补充说明原因
3.the wheels clicking on the rails 为现在分词的独立主格结构，作后置定语修饰 rhythm，相当于 the wheels which click on the rails
4.lull sb. to sleep 为固定搭配，表示 “哄某人入睡，使某人昏昏欲睡”
·释义：看书只能算是个治标不治本的办法，因为车轮在铁轨上单调的咔嗒声很快就会催你入睡。
6. During the day, sleep comes in snatches.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：sleep comes in snatches (状语 during the day)
·语法要点：
1.during the day 为时间状语，置于句首
2.in snatches 为固定短语，表示 “断断续续地、一阵阵地”
·释义：白天只能断断续续地打个盹。
7. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 时间状语从句）
·核心结构：you rarely manage to do so + when 引导的时间状语从句
·语法要点：
1.when 引导时间状语从句，修饰主句动作发生的时间
2.manage to do sth. 表示 “设法做成某事（强调成功做到）”，此处含否定意味，即 “几乎做不到”
3.do so 为替代结构，指代前文的 go to sleep，避免重复
·释义：到了晚上，当你真的想睡觉时，却几乎睡不着。
8. If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your ticket for inspection.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 条件状语从句）
·核心结构：you spend half the night (doing A or doing B) + if 引导的条件状语从句
·语法要点：
1.if 引导条件状语从句，表示 “如果……”
2.be lucky enough to do sth. 表示 “有幸做某事”
3.spend time (in) doing sth. 为固定搭配，此处 staring at... 和 fumbling to find...为并列的动名词短语，作 spend 的宾语补足语
4.stare at 表示 “盯着看”；fumble to do sth. 表示 “摸索着做某事”；for inspection 表示 “为了检查”
·释义：就算你运气好买到了卧铺，也得花半宿时间盯着天花板上那盏小小的蓝色指示灯，或是摸索着找票接受检查。
9. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.
·句子类型：简单句（主 + 谓 + 状+ 补）
·核心结构：you arrive at your destination (状语 inevitably) + 伴随状语 almost exhausted
·语法要点：
1.inevitably 为副词，置于句首修饰整个句子，表示 “不可避免地”
2.arrive at 表示 “到达（小地点）”，对应 arrive in（到达大地点）
3.almost exhausted 为过去分词短语作伴随状语，描述主语 you 的状态，相当于 and you are almost exhausted
·释义：结果就是，你抵达目的地时几乎筋疲力尽。
10. Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read.
·句子类型：并列句（由 for 连接的因果并列句）
·核心结构：Long car journeys are less pleasant, + for 引导的原因状语分句
·语法要点：
1.even less pleasant 为形容词比较级结构，even 修饰比较级，加强语气
2.for 引导原因分句，解释主句内容
3.分句中 it 为形式主语，真正主语是 to read
·释义：长途自驾就更不舒服了，因为你连看书都几乎做不到。
11. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic.
·句子类型：并列句（由 but 连接的转折并列句）
·核心结构：you can travel safely at high speeds, + but 引导的转折分句
·语法要点：
1.on motorways 为地点状语，置于句首；at least 为插入语，表 “至少”
2.fairly safely 为副词短语，修饰动词 travel；at high speeds 表示 “高速地”
3.more often than not 为固定短语，表示 “通常、多半”
4.分句中 the greater part of the journey is spent on roads... 为被动语态，with few service stations and too much traffic 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 roads
·释义：在高速公路上，你至少还能比较安全地高速行驶，但大部分时候，旅途的大部分时间都耗在服务区稀少、车流又拥堵的路上。
12. By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：ferry trips or cruises offer comforts (状语 by comparison)
·语法要点：
1.by comparison 为固定短语，表示 “相比之下”，置于句首作状语
2.a great variety of 表示 “各种各样的”，后接复数名词
3.civilized comforts 表示 “文明的舒适设施 / 服务”
·释义：相比之下，坐渡轮或邮轮就能享受到各种舒适的文明服务。
13. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food — always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 插入语中包含的宾语从句）
·核心结构：You can stretch..., play..., meet... and enjoy... — 插入语 always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm
·语法要点：
1.主句中 stretch, play, meet, enjoy 为并列谓语，共同由情态动词 can 修饰
2.破折号后的 always assuming that... 为现在分词短语作条件状语，相当于 if we always assume that...，of course 为插入语
3.stretch one's legs 为固定搭配，表示 “活动腿脚”
·释义：你可以在宽敞的甲板上舒展腿脚、玩游戏、认识有趣的人，还能享用美食 —— 当然，前提是海面风平浪静。
14. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 条件状语从句）
·核心结构：no form of transport could be worse + if 引导的条件状语从句（含并列分句）
·语法要点：
1.if 引导条件状语从句，it is not 指代前文的 the sea is calm，避免重复
2.and you are likely to get seasick 为条件从句中的并列分句，补充说明情况
3.be likely to do sth. 表示 “可能做某事”；get seasick 表示 “晕船”
4.could be worse 为比较级结构，此处表示 “没有比这更糟的了”，即 “最糟糕的”
·释义：可一旦海面不平静，你又晕船的话，那这就是最糟糕的交通方式了。
15. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 让步状语从句）
·核心结构：sea journeys take a long time + even if 引导的让步状语从句
·语法要点：
1.even if 引导让步状语从句，表示 “即使、尽管”
2.in ideal weather 表示 “在理想的天气条件下”
·释义：就算天气再好，海上旅行也要花很长时间。
16. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for sth.
·语法要点：
1.relatively few people 表示 “相对较少的人”
2.be prepared to do sth. 表示 “愿意 / 准备好做某事”
3.sacrifice sth. for sth. 为固定搭配，表示 “为…… 牺牲……”
·释义：愿意为了享受海上旅行而牺牲假期时间的人，还是少之又少。
17. Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them.
·句子类型：并列句（由 and 连接的并列句）
·核心结构：Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous, + and 引导的并列分句
·语法要点：
1.have the reputation of being... 表示 “有…… 的名声 / 声誉”
2.hardened travellers 表示 “经常出差的老旅客、久经旅途的人”
3.be intimidated by sth. 表示 “被…… 吓到 / 对……心存顾虑”，此处为被动语态
·释义：飞机一向被认为很危险，就连经常出差的老旅客也会对它心存顾虑。
18. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：They have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport
·语法要点：
1.the disadvantage of doing sth. 表示 “做某事的缺点 / 不利之处”
2.an expensive form of transport 表示 “一种昂贵的交通方式”
·释义：而且，坐飞机还有个缺点：票价很贵。
19. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：nothing can match them for speed and comfort
·语法要点：
1.match sb./sth. for sth. 为固定搭配，表示 “在某方面比得上 / 与…… 匹敌”
2.for speed and comfort 表示 “在速度和舒适度方面”
·释义：但说到速度和舒适度，没有任何交通方式能比得上它。
20. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience.
·句子类型：简单句（动名词作主语）
·核心结构：Travelling (at... and at...) is an exhilarating experience
·语法要点：
1.travelling 为动名词，在句中作主语，后接两个并列的介词短语 at a height of... 和 at over 500 miles an hour 作状语
2.far above the clouds 为插入语，补充说明高度位置
3.exhilarating 为形容词，表示 “令人心旷神怡的、令人兴奋的”
·释义：在 3 万英尺的高空、云层之上，以每小时 500 多英里的速度飞行，是一种令人心旷神怡的体验。
21. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly.
·句子类型：并列句（由 for 连接的因果并列句）
·核心结构：You do not have to devise ways of doing sth., + for 引导的原因状语分句
·语法要点：
1.have to do sth. 表示 “不得不做某事”，否定形式表示 “不必做某事”
2.devise ways of doing sth. 表示 “想出做某事的办法”
3.take one's mind off the journey 与前文呼应，表 “转移对旅途的注意力”
4.get sb. to a place 表示 “把某人送到某地”
·释义：你根本不用想办法转移注意力，因为飞机会很快把你送到目的地。
22. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight (状语 for a few hours)
·语法要点：
1.for a few hours 为时间状语，置于句首
2.settle back 为固定短语，表示 “舒服地坐下、靠在椅背上”
3.to enjoy the flight 为不定式短语作目的状语，表示 “为了享受飞行”
·释义：你可以在舒适的扶手椅上放松下来，享受几小时的飞行时光。
23. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne (状语 on some services)
·语法要点：
1.the real escapist 此处指 “喜欢享受、追求放松的人”，字面义为 “逃避现实的人”
2.watch a film 和 sip champagne 为并列谓语，由情态动词 can 修饰
3.on some services 此处指 “在某些航班服务中”
·释义：喜欢享受的人还能在某些航班上看电影、喝香槟。
24. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 让步状语从句）
·核心结构：there is plenty to keep you occupied + even when 引导的让步状语从句
·语法要点：
1.even when 引导让步状语从句，表示 “即使在…… 的时候”
2.such refinements 指代前文的 watch a film and sip champagne 这类精致服务
3.be available 表示 “可获得的、可提供的”
4.there is plenty to keep you occupied 中to keep you occupied 为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 plenty，表示 “有很多事能让你打发时间”
·释义：就算没有这些精致服务，也有很多事能让你打发时间。
25. An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world.
·句子类型：简单句（双宾语结构）
·核心结构：An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world
·语法要点：
1.offer sb. sth. 为双宾语结构，表示 “为某人提供某物”
2.unusual and breathtaking 为并列形容词，修饰 view，breathtaking 表示 “令人惊叹的、壮观的”
·释义：飞机能让你看到与众不同、令人惊叹的世界景象。
26. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys
·语法要点：
1.soar 为动词，表示 “高飞、翱翔”
2.effortlessly 为副词，修饰动词 soar，表示 “毫不费力地”
3.over high mountains and deep valleys 为介词短语作地点状语，表示 “越过高山和深谷”
·释义：你毫不费力地飞越高山和深谷。
27. You really see the shape of the land.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：You see the shape of the land (状语 really)
·语法要点：
1.really 为副词，修饰动词 see，加强语气
2.the shape of the land 表示 “大地的轮廓 / 地貌”
·释义：你能真切地看清大地的轮廓。
28. If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 条件状语从句 + 定语从句 + 时间状语从句）
·核心结构：you can enjoy the sight of cloud plains + if 引导的条件状语从句 + that 引导的定语从句修饰 cloud plains + while 引导的时间状语从句
·语法要点：
1.if 引导条件状语从句，be hidden from view 表示 “被挡住看不见”
2.the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains 表示 “一望无际的云海的非凡景象”
3.that stretch out for miles before you 为定语从句，修饰 cloud plains，stretch out 表示 “延伸、绵延”
4.while 引导时间状语从句，表示 “与此同时”，描述背景场景
·释义：如果地面景色被云层挡住了，你还能欣赏到绵延数英里、一望无际的云海，而此时阳光正明媚地洒在晴朗的天空中。
29. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 结果状语从句）
·核心结构：The journey is so smooth that + 结果状语从句
·语法要点：
1.so... that... 引导结果状语从句，表示 “如此…… 以至于……”
2.prevent sb. from doing sth. 为固定搭配，表示 “阻止某人做某事”，此处 nothing to prevent you from... 表示 “没有任何事能阻止你……”
·释义：飞行过程如此平稳，你完全可以安心看书或睡觉。
30. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 让步状语从句 + 同位语从句）
·核心结构：one thing is certain + however 引导的让步状语从句 + 冒号后的同位语从句
·语法要点：
1.however 引导让步状语从句，表示 “无论……”，相当于 no matter how
2.冒号后的句子为同位语从句，解释说明 one thing 的具体内容
3.fresh and uncrumpled 为形容词短语作伴随状语，描述主语 you 的状态，表示 “神清气爽、衣冠整齐”
·释义：不管你打算怎么打发时间，有一点是肯定的：你抵达目的地时会神清气爽、衣冠整齐。
31. You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：You will not have to spend time recovering from a journey
·语法要点：
1.spend time (in) doing sth. 为固定搭配，此处 recovering from... 为动名词短语作宾语补足语
2.recover from sth. 表示 “从…… 中恢复过来”
3.arduous 为形容词，表示 “费力的、艰难的”，修饰 journey
·释义：你也不用花接下来好几天的时间，从一段漫长又辛苦的旅途中缓过来。
词汇分析：
一、核心词汇
1. 出行 & 交通类
1.cramped /kræmpt/adj. 狭窄拥挤的；狭小的
拓展：空间局促、压抑，形容车厢 / 房间 / 工位
2.stuffy /ˈstʌfi/adj. 闷热不通风的；闷塞的
3.monotonous /məˈnɒtənəs/adj. 单调乏味的
4.lull /lʌl/v. 使昏昏欲睡；哄骗 n. 间歇、平静期
5.sleeper /ˈsliːpə/n. 卧铺车厢；卧铺
6.inevitably /ɪnˈevɪtəbli/adv. 不可避免地；必然地
7.exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/adj. 筋疲力尽的
8.motorway /ˈməʊtəweɪ/n. 高速公路
9.ferry /ˈferi/n. 渡轮；轮渡
10.cruise /kruːz/n. 邮轮旅行；巡航 v. 乘船巡游
11.spacious /ˈspeɪʃəs/adj. 宽敞开阔的
12.seasick /ˈsiːsɪk/adj. 晕船的
13.hardened /ˈhɑːdnd/adj. 老练的；久经阅历的
14.intimidated /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪtɪd/adj. 胆怯的；被吓到的
15.exhilarating /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ/adj. 令人心旷神怡的；振奋的
16.refinement /rɪˈfaɪnmənt/n. 精致享受；高雅设施；改良
17.breathtaking /ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/adj. 令人惊叹的；壮丽的
18.soar /sɔː/v. 翱翔；高飞；飙升
19.landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/n. 风景；地貌；山水
20.unbroken /ʌnˈbrəʊkən/adj. 连绵不断的；完整无缺的
21.brilliantly /ˈbrɪliəntli/adv. 灿烂地；耀眼地
22.uncrumpled /ʌnˈkrʌmpld/adj. 衣着平整的；精神整洁的
23.arduous /ˈɑːdjuəs/adj. 漫长艰辛的；费力的
2. 行为 & 抽象类
1.positively /ˈpɒzətɪvli/adv. 确实地；真正地；绝对地
2.partial /ˈpɑːʃl/adj. 部分的；不完整的
3.snatches /snætʃɪz/n. 片刻；断断续续
4.fumble /ˈfʌmbl/v. 摸索；笨拙地做
5.sacrifice /ˈsækrɪfaɪs/v./n. 牺牲；舍弃
6.reputation /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/n. 名声；声誉
7.devise /dɪˈvaɪz/v. 想出；设计；谋划
8.occupy /ˈɒkjupaɪ/v. 占据（时间 / 注意力）；使忙碌
9.prevent /prɪˈvent/v. 阻止；妨碍
二、高级固定搭配
1.travelling long distances 长途旅行
2.take one’s mind off the journey 转移旅途注意力；散心解闷
3.lull sb. to sleep 哄某人入睡；使人昏昏欲睡
4.come in snatches 断断续续；一阵一阵
5.manage to do so 设法做到这事（指代前文动作，避免重复）
6.spend half the night doing sth. 花半夜时间做某事
7.stare at 盯着…… 看
8.fumble to do sth. 摸索着做某事
9.arrive at one’s destination 抵达目的地
10.at high speeds 高速地
11.more often than not 多半；通常；往往
12.by comparison 相比之下
13.a great variety of 各种各样的
14.stretch one’s legs 活动腿脚；舒展身体
15.be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事
16.sacrifice sth. for sth. 为……牺牲……
17.have the reputation of being… 有……的名声；素来被认为……
18.the disadvantage of doing sth. 做某事的弊端
19.match sb./sth. for sth. 在某方面比得上、不亚于
20.settle back 舒适地靠坐；放松躺下
21.keep you occupied 打发时间；让人有事可做
22.be hidden from view 被遮挡看不见
23.stretch out for miles 绵延数英里
24.prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
25.recover from 从…… 中恢复元气
三、拓展高频搭配
1. 与交通出行搭配
·go by land/sea/air 走陆路 / 海路 / 乘飞机
·rush-hour traffic 高峰车流
·public transport 公共交通
·a means of transport 一种交通方式
·comfortable accommodation 舒适住宿
·long-haul journey 长途旅途
·weary journey 疲惫的旅程
2. 情绪 & 状态类拓展
·feel cramped and confined 感到局促压抑
·stuffy atmosphere 沉闷压抑的氛围
·monotonous daily routine 单调的日常生活
·be lulled into a false sense of security 被哄得产生错觉
·be utterly exhausted 筋疲力尽
·spacious living environment 宽敞的居住环境
·breathtaking scenery 绝美风景
·soar into the sky 直冲云霄
3. 高频动词短语延伸
·take one’s mind off stress 排解压力
·in snatches of time 利用零碎时间
·fumble with sth. 笨拙摆弄某物
·at one’s destination 抵达终点
·in comparison with 与…… 相比
·a wide variety of choices 多种多样的选择
·sacrifice leisure time for work 牺牲休闲时间投入工作
·enjoy a high reputation 享有盛誉
·devise a solution to the problem 想出解决办法
·occupy one’s spare time 打发业余时间
·prevent negative impacts 规避负面影响
·make a full recovery from 完全从…… 恢复
4. 写作高分句式搭配
·Inevitably, + 句子不可避免地……
·Even if/Even when + 从句即使……
·Nothing can match A for B 在B 方面没有能比得上 A 的
·It is almost impossible to do sth. 做某事几乎不可能
·So…that… 如此…… 以至于……
·However you choose to… 无论你选择怎样……
四、深度用法解析
1.hardly anyone
否定含义，等同于 almost no one，反义疑问句用肯定；作文替代 no one，更高级。
2.enjoy doing / spend time doing / prevent sb. from doing
三个必考固定语法：后面一律接动名词，不能用不定式。
3.arrive at + 小地点 /arrive in + 大地点
destination 通用搭配 arrive at，固定不变。
4.for 作并列连词表原因
不能放句首，只能放句中，补充说明理由，比 because 正式、书面。
5.more often than not
写作万能替换 often /usually，瞬间提升句式高级感。
6.match … for …
雅思大作文对比类话题专用：对比两者优势、劣势、便利性。
7.fresh and uncrumpled / exhausted
形容词作伴随状语，放在句末描述主语状态，是新概念经典高级句式，仿写必用。
长难句分析：
长难句 1
Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.
1. 句子拆分
主句：Reading is only a partial solution
并列连词原因分句：for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep
2. 句子主干
主句：Reading is a partial solution
分句主干：the rhythm lulls you to sleep
3. 语法结构
·Reading：动名词作句子主语
·for：并列连词，表补充原因（正式书面语，不能放句首）
·clicking on the rails：现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 the wheels
·lull sb. to sleep：固定搭配宾补结构
4. 语法考点
1.动名词作主语
2.for 并列连词表原因与because 区别
3.现在分词作后置定语
4.名词后置多层定语叠加
5. 注意要点
·for 是并列连词，不是介词，后面接完整句子；
·书面写作多用 for 代替 because，语气委婉正式；
·看到名词 + doing大概率是现在分词后置定语。
6. 释义
看书只能算是个治标不治本的办法，因为车轮在铁轨上单调的咔嗒声很快就会催你入睡。
长难句 2
If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your ticket for inspection.
1. 句子拆分
条件状语从句：If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper
主句：you spend half the night staring at…, or fumbling to find…
2. 句子主干
主句：you spend half the night doing A or doing B
3. 语法结构
·if 引导条件状语从句
·be lucky enough to do：形容词 + enough + 不定式结构
·spend time (in) doing sth：固定句型，后接动名词
·staring at… /fumbling to find…：两个动名词短语并列，作 spend 的宾语补足语
4. 语法考点
1.if 条件状语从句
2.enough 后置修饰形容词 + 不定式
3.spend 后必须接 doing，不能接 to do
4.并列非谓语结构
5. 注意要点
·考试极易错：spend time to do是错误，只能用 doing；
·or 连接两个并列分词，结构要对称；
·enough to do 表 “足以、有幸能够”，写作万能句型。
6. 释义
就算你运气好买到了卧铺，也得花半宿时间盯着天花板上那盏小小的蓝色指示灯，或是摸索着找票接受检查。
长难句 3
On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic.
1. 句子拆分
前半句：On motorways you can travel fairly safely at high speeds
转折并列句：but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads…
2. 句子主干
you can travel；the greater part is spent
3. 语法结构
·On motorways：地点状语前置
·at least：插入语，割裂句式
·but 连接转折并列句
·more often than not：固定短语作状语
·is spent：被动语态
·with few service stations…：with介词短语作后置定语，修饰 roads
4. 语法考点
1.插入语分隔主句
2.并列转折句
3.被动语态
4.with 复合结构作后置定语
5. 注意要点
·插入语 at least 前后逗号隔开，阅读时先跳过抓主干；
·写作多用 more often than not替换 usually，提分；
·with 短语后置修饰名词，是高级写作常用结构。
6. 释义
在高速公路上，你至少还能比较安全地高速行驶，但大多数时候，旅途的大部分时间都耗在服务区稀少、车流又拥堵的路上。
长难句 4
You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food — always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm.
1. 句子拆分
主句并列谓语：can stretch…, play…, meet… and enjoy…
破折号补充状语：always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm
2. 句子主干
You can stretch, play, meet and enjoy food
3. 语法结构
·四个动词原形并列谓语，共用一个情态动词 can
·always assuming that…：现在分词短语作条件状语
·of course：插入语
·that 引导宾语从句，作 assuming 的宾语
4. 语法考点
1.多谓语并列省略情态动词
2.现在分词作条件状语
3.分词 + that 宾语从句嵌套
5. 注意要点
·并列谓语只要第一个带 can，后面全部省略；
·assuming that = if，书面高级替换条件句；
·破折号后补充说明是英文经典行文结构。
6. 释义
你可以在宽敞的甲板上舒展腿脚、玩游戏、认识有趣的人，还能享用美食 —— 当然，前提是海面风平浪静。
长难句 5
Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience.
1. 句子拆分
主语：Travelling at… , far above… , and at…
系表：is an exhilarating experience
2. 句子主干
Travelling is an exhilarating experience
3. 语法结构
·Travelling：动名词作整句主语
·两个 at 短语并列作方式状语
·far above the clouds：插入语作补充说明
4. 语法考点
1.动名词短语作主语（超长主语）
2.多层介词短语并列修饰
3.插入语分隔句式
5. 注意要点
·长主语：看到句首 doing 开头，直接找后面的谓语动词；
·动名词作主语谓语用单数；
·这种长主语句式仿写雅思大作文非常加分。
6. 释义
在 3 万英尺的高空、云层之上，以每小时 500 多英里的速度飞行，是一种令人心旷神怡的体验。
长难句 6
If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky.
1. 句子拆分
条件从句：If the landscape is hidden from view
主句：you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains
定语从句：that stretch out for miles before you
时间状语从句：while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky
2. 句子主干
you can enjoy the sight
3. 语法结构
·if 条件状语从句
·that 引导定语从句，修饰 cloud plains
·while 引导时间状语从句，表同步背景
4. 语法考点
1.条件从句 + 主句 + 定语从句 + 时间从句三层嵌套
2.定语从句关系代词 that
3.while 引导背景伴随状语
5. 注意要点
·多层从句嵌套：先抓主句主谓，再逐层剥离从句；
·that 指代物，在从句中作主语不可省略；
·while 表 “与此同时”，描写场景专用。
6. 释义
如果地面景色被云层挡住了，你还能欣赏到绵延数英里、一望无际的云海，而此时阳光正明媚地洒在晴朗的天空中。
长难句 7
The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping.
1. 句子拆分
主句：The journey is so smooth
结果状语从句：that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping
2. 句子主干
The journey is smooth；there is nothing
3. 语法结构
·so…that…：结果状语从句固定句型
·there be 句型
·to prevent…：不定式作后置定语修饰 nothing
·prevent sb. from doing：固定搭配
4. 语法考点
1.so…that 结果状语从句
2.prevent sb. from doing 固定搭配
3.不定式后置定语
5. 注意要点
·prevent 后一定要加 from + doing，不能直接接 to do；
·so…that 是写作万能高分句型，必背仿写。
6. 释义
飞行过程如此平稳，你完全可以安心看书或睡觉。
长难句 8
However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled.
1. 句子拆分
让步状语从句：However you decide to spend your time
主句：one thing is certain
同位语从句：you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled
2. 句子主干
one thing is certain；you will arrive at your destination
3. 语法结构
·However = no matter how 引导让步状语从句
·冒号后句子作同位语，解释 one thing
·fresh and uncrumpled：形容词短语作伴随状语，修饰主语 you
4. 语法考点
1.however 引导让步从句
2.冒号同位语结构
3.形容词短语作句末伴随状语（新概念最高频高级语法）
5. 注意要点
·however 从句后直接接主句，不用再加 but；
·句末形容词描述主语状态，是仿写长难句的核心模板。
6. 释义
不管你打算怎么打发时间，有一点是肯定的：你抵达目的地时会神清气爽、衣冠整齐。
句型分析：
句式 1
课文原句
People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.
句型框架
Sb doing sth frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to choose A, B or C.
套用替换
·travelling long distances → 面临某种选择 / 处于某种境遇的人
·have to decide whether → 不得不权衡 / 纠结是否
·go by land, sea, or air → 三种不同选择方案
仿写作文句
Students facing further education frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to study at home, go abroad or start working directly.
例句翻译
面临深造的学生常常不得不权衡，自己更倾向于国内求学、出国留学还是直接就业。
句式 2
课文原句
It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.
句型框架
It is almost impossible to take one’s mind off sth.
套用替换
·the journey → 压力、烦恼、学习、工作、现实问题
·take one’s mind off → 摆脱、释怀、转移注意力
仿写作文句
It is almost impossible to take young people’s mind off electronic devices.
例句翻译
年轻人几乎很难摆脱电子产品的诱惑。
句式 3
课文原句
Nothing can match them for speed and comfort.
句型框架
Nothing can match A for B and C.
套用替换
·them → 某事物 / 某种方式 / 某种政策
·speed and comfort → 优势、便捷性、性价比、安全性、发展潜力
仿写作文句
Nothing can match online education for convenience and flexibility.
例句翻译
在便捷性和灵活性方面，没有什么能比得上线上教育。
句式 4
课文原句
Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time.
句型框架
Even if you enjoy ideal conditions, sth still has obvious drawbacks.
套用替换
·travel in ideal weather → 拥有理想条件、具备先天优势
·sea journeys → 某事物、某种生活方式、某种选择
·take a long time → 仍有缺陷、仍存在不足、仍代价高昂
仿写作文句
Even if you enjoy rich resources, blind consumption still causes waste.
例句翻译
即便拥有丰富的资源，盲目消费依然会造成浪费。
句式 5
课文原句
However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain.
句型框架
However you choose to do sth, one thing is certain.
套用替换
·spend your time → 规划人生、做出选择、安排生活、追求目标
·one thing is certain → 有一点是毋庸置疑的
仿写作文句
However you choose to pursue your dreams, one thing is certain: persistence matters most.
例句翻译
无论你选择以何种方式追逐梦想，有一点是毋庸置疑的：坚持最重要。
