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学习笔记 | 法理学之“极度抽象、耗费脑力”!

  • 2026-05-05 12:01:25
学习笔记 | 法理学之“极度抽象、耗费脑力”!
每当想偷懒、懈怠时，就会想起马bee在立法法开篇时说过的那句“去看看全国人大网，今天立法规划，你就会像被蓉嬷嬷拿针扎你一样”。是啊，刺激、刺骨，醒脑必备良药。
面对法理学这样一个内容极度抽象、耗费脑力一遍就像听了个寂寞。哪怕是二三遍听完仍然不敢说能梳理出一个所以来的学科，终于是想明白，为啥那么多人主动放弃，鼓起勇气打开课件开篇就被直接劝退。
马bee一再强调，背诵是完全无法应对的，只有认真仔细听他讲，可在我看看仍然是件不可能完成的事儿。提前看完一遍，再回来看目录，跟着课件听完一遍，再回看目录，似乎找到一些内在联系的逻辑。
将自己放到一定的高度，俯看这个学科，不正是把民法、民诉、刑法、刑诉、行政法、商法等部门法最抽象的部分，提取公因式再一次高度概括到法理学吗？把法的前世今生，如何产生、人们在不断争论中产生了哪些观点什么、运用了什么方法来实现立法的目标。
法（广义法律）是人类社会发展、物质生活基础产生的上层建筑，在没有法的时代里，人们遵循着氏族等社会规范推动着历史的车轮向前发展。而法律规范是在社会规范这个大范围里被提炼出来，形成以条文形式呈现的法律原则和法规规则。用以调整社会活动中人与人之间的权利和义务关系。
法律调整的范围无疑是小于社会规范，要求也低于社会规范，因此就形成了不同的部门法。通过立法、执法、司法、守法、法律监督各个环节，将法律条文在实践中运转起来，又因为社会发展法律修订、新法制订再运转，如此循环。
法律条文大多数情况下，未经解释并不能被直接的适用，或不能被广大人民群众所理解，这也是人们常说的“中文翻译中文”。而法律解释通常仍然需要再被解释，又诞生了不同的解释方法论。
普通人文义解释（字面意思），法律从业者更多的需要从主观目的解释（结合立法背景和立法资料）、体系解释（找寻所有关联法律做系统的解释，而不是独立看待某个法条）、历史解释、比较解释（类案是如何判决说理的）、客观目的解释（随着社会的发展出现新的问题，怎样解释更符合立法目的）。
在不同法律实践的环节运用不同的方法进行三段论推理，使一个案件（纠纷）在事实、法律适用、结论之间形成一个由内至外的逻辑闭环（内部证成和外部证成）。如演绎推理（涵摄）更多的运用在法官判决书中，归纳推理总结个案，类比推理使法官做到类案同判，设证推理在侦查和立法中运用广泛，反向推理只有在符合某个条件下才成立反之不成立，当然推理则是解决入罪与出罪（举轻以明重，举重以明轻）。
好了，就烧脑到这里吧，能崩出来这些，已经算是不易了，继续加油！
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【读书笔记】2026.4

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  133. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/no.67808.cn/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Cookie.php ( 6.06 KB )
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  135. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/no.67808.cn/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
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  137. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/no.67808.cn/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
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  139. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/no.67808.cn/runtime/temp/6df755f970a38e704c5414acbc6e8bcd.php ( 12.06 KB )
  140. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/no.67808.cn/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000470s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=no_67808;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000896s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000379s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000265s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000502s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000252s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000637s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 486150 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000465s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1777954826 WHERE `id` = 486150 [ RunTime:0.001944s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000239s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 486150 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000432s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 486150 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000420s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 486150 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000992s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 486150 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.004074s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 486150 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.004294s ]
0.084409s