Lesson 9 Royal espionage
课文：
1.Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.
·句子类型：简单句（主谓结构 + 现在分词作伴随状语 + 过去分词作方式状语）
·核心结构：主语 (Alfred the Great) + 谓语 (acted as) + 宾语 (his own spy) + 伴随状语 (visiting...) + 方式状语 (disguised as...)
·语法要点：① act as 为固定搭配，表 “充当、担任”；② visiting 是现在分词作伴随状语，逻辑主语与主句一致；③ disguised as 是过去分词短语作方式状语，表 “假扮成”。
·释义：阿尔弗雷德大帝曾亲自充当间谍，扮作吟游歌手造访丹麦军营。
2.In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere.
·句子类型：简单句（主系表结构）
·核心结构：时间状语 (In those days) + 主语 (wandering minstrels) + 系动词 (were) + 表语 (welcome) + 地点状语 (everywhere)
·语法要点：① wandering 为现在分词作前置定语，修饰 minstrels；②主系表结构描述主语状态。
·释义：在那个年代，云游的吟游歌手在各地都受欢迎。
3.They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport.
·句子类型：并列简单句（and 连接两个主系表结构）
·核心结构：分句 1 (They were not fighting men) + and + 分句 2 (their harp was their passport)
·语法要点：① fighting men 为合成名词，表 “作战人员”；② and 连接并列句，前后语义顺承。
·释义：他们不是作战人员，他们的竖琴就是他们的通行证。
4.Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.
·句子类型：简单句（主谓宾结构 + 并列谓语）
·核心结构：主语 (Alfred) + 并列谓语 (had learned /could vary) + 宾语 (ballads /his programme) + 状语
·语法要点：① and 连接两个并列谓语，时态分别为过去完成时与情态动词 + 动词原形；②with 表方式，“用……”。
·释义：阿尔弗雷德年轻时学过他们的许多民谣，还能用杂技和简单魔术丰富自己的节目。
5.While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.
·句子类型：复合句（时间状语从句 + 主句 + 同位语）
·核心结构：时间状语从句 (While...) + 主句 (the king himself set out...) + 同位语 (the commander...)
·语法要点：① While 引导时间状语从句，表 “当…… 时”；② himself 作同位语，强调主语；③ the commander... 是 Guthrum 的同位语，补充身份。
·释义：当阿尔弗雷德人数不多的军队开始在阿塞尔纳慢慢集结时，国王亲自出发潜入丹麦入侵者司令官古瑟罗姆的营地。
6.These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.
·句子类型：并列句（冒号连接，后半句倒装）
·核心结构：分句 1 (These had settled down...) + 冒号 + 倒装分句 (thither Alfred went)
·语法要点：① These 指代前文丹麦军队；②settle down 表 “驻扎、安顿”；③后半句为地点副词提前的倒装，正常语序 Alfred went thither。
·释义：丹麦军队已在奇彭纳姆驻扎过冬，阿尔弗雷德便前往那里。
7.He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual.
·句子类型：复合句（宾语从句 + 冒号解释 + 并列句）
·核心结构：主句 (He noticed...) + 宾语从句 (that discipline was slack) + 解释说明 (并列句)
·语法要点：① that 引导宾语从句，作 noticed 的宾语；②冒号后对前文进行解释，and 连接两个并列分句。
·释义：他立刻发现军纪松弛：丹麦人有征服者的自信，安全防范措施十分随意。
8.They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions.
·句子类型：简单句（主谓结构 + 方式状语）
·核心结构：主语 (They) + 谓语 (lived well) + 方式状语 (on the proceeds...)
·语法要点：① live well 表“生活优渥”；② on the proceeds of 表 “靠……的收益”；③ raids on 为固定搭配，“对……的袭击”。
·释义：他们靠掠夺邻近地区的财物过着舒适的生活。
9.There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.
·句子类型：并列复合句（and 连接）
·核心结构：分句 1 (They collected women as well as...) + and + 分句 2 (a life of ease had made them soft)
·语法要点：① as well as 表“和、也”，连接并列名词；② make sb + adj. 表 “使某人……”。
·释义：在那里，他们搜刮吃喝，也掳掠妇女，安逸的生活让他们变得软弱。
10.Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney.
·句子类型：复合句（时间状语从句）
·核心结构：主句 (Alfred stayed...) + 时间状语从句 (before he returned...)
·语法要点：before 引导时间状语从句，表 “在……之前”。
·释义：阿尔弗雷德在营地待了一周才返回阿塞尔纳。
11.The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde.
·句子类型：简单句（主系表 + 过去分词作状语）
·核心结构：主语 (The force) + 后置定语 (there assembled) + 系动词 (was) + 表语 (trivial) + 状语 (compared with...)
·语法要点：① assembled 为过去分词作后置定语；②compared with 表 “与…… 相比”。
·释义：那里集结的军队与丹麦大军相比微不足道。
12.But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.
·句子类型：复合句（宾语从句并列 + 冒号解释）
·核心结构：主句 (Alfred had deduced) + 并列宾语从句 (that... and that...)
·语法要点：① that 引导两个并列宾语从句，第二个 that 不可省略；② be fit for 表“适合”；③ but 表转折，连接并列谓语。
·释义：但阿尔弗雷德推断，丹麦人不再适合持久战，他们的军需供应毫无组织，仅靠不定期劫掠维持。
13.So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.
·句子类型：简单句（过去分词作状语 + 并列谓语）
·核心结构：状语 (faced with...) + 主语 (Alfred) + 并列谓语 (did not risk... but harried...)
·语法要点：① faced with 为过去分词短语作状语，表 “面对”；② not...but... 表“不是…… 而是……”。
·释义：因此，面对丹麦人的推进，阿尔弗雷德不冒险正面开战，而是袭扰敌人。
14.He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him.
·句子类型：简单句（主系表 + 现在分词作结果状语）
·核心结构：主句 (He was on the move) + 结果状语 (drawing...)
·语法要点：① on the move 表“在移动、在行进”；② drawing 为现在分词作结果状语。
·释义：他的部队不断移动，把丹麦人引在身后。
15.His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army.
·句子类型：并列句（冒号连接）
·核心结构：分句 1 (His patrols halted...) + 冒号 + 分句 2 (hunger assailed...)
·语法要点：冒号连接，前因后果，前句是行动，后句是结果。
·释义：他的巡逻队阻截了劫掠小队，饥饿侵袭了丹麦军队。
16.Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes -- and within a month the Danes had surrendered.
·句子类型：并列句（破折号连接）
·核心结构：分句 1 (Alfred began...) + 破折号 + 分句 2 (the Danes had surrendered)
·语法要点：破折号表顺承，后半句为过去完成时，表 “投降” 发生在过去的过去。
·释义：这时阿尔弗雷德发起一连串小规模战斗，不到一个月，丹麦人就投降了。
17.The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!
·句子类型：简单句（主谓结构）
·核心结构：主语 (The episode) + 谓语 (could serve as) + 宾语 (a unique epic)
·语法要点：① serve as 表“充当、作为”；② reasonably 为副词作状语，修饰谓语。
·释义：这段轶事堪称王室谍报活动中独一无二的传奇！
词汇：
一、核心词汇
1.espionage /ˈespiənɑːʒ/n. 谍报活动；间谍行为
o课文搭配：royal espionage 王室谍报活动
o考点：不可数名词，正式文体
2.minstrel /ˈmɪnstrəl/n. 吟游歌手
o课文搭配：wandering minstrels 云游吟游歌手
o考点：古代欧洲职业艺人，无贬义
3.disguise /dɪsˈɡaɪz/v. 假扮；伪装 n. 伪装
o课文搭配：disguised as a minstrel 扮作吟游歌手
o派生词：disguised adj. 伪装的
4.penetrate /ˈpenətreɪt/v. 潜入；渗透；看穿
o课文搭配：penetrate the camp 潜入营地
o派生词：penetration n. 渗透；潜入
5.discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/n. 纪律；训练 v. 惩罚
o课文搭配：discipline was slack纪律松弛
o常用：keep discipline 遵守纪律
6.slack /slæk/adj. 松弛的；松懈的；懈怠的
o课文搭配：slack discipline 纪律松懈
o反义：strict 严格的
7.precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃn/n. 预防措施；防备
o课文搭配：security precautions安全防范措施
o搭配：take precautions 采取预防措施
8.proceed /ˈprəʊsiːdz/（复数）n. 收入；收益；所得
o课文搭配：on the proceeds of raids 靠劫掠所得
o注意：表 “收入” 必须用复数 proceeds
9.raid/reɪd/n./v. 突袭；劫掠；搜查
o课文搭配：raids on neighbouring regions 对邻近地区的劫掠
o派生词：raiding parties 劫掠小队
10.trivial /ˈtrɪviəl/adj. 微不足道的；琐碎的
o课文搭配：trivial compared with... 与…… 相比微不足道
o反义：significant 重要的
11.horde /hɔːd/n. 一大群；大军（贬义 / 强调数量多）
o课文搭配：the Danish horde 丹麦大军
12.deduce /dɪˈdjuːs/v. 推断；推论；演绎
o课文搭配：had deduced that... 推断出……
o派生词：deduction n. 推论；推理
13.prolonged /prəˈlɒŋd/adj. 持久的；长期的
o课文搭配：prolonged battle 持久战
o词根：long 长 → prolong 延长
14.commissariat /ˌkɒmɪˈseəriət/n. 军需部门；粮食补给
o课文搭配：commissariat had no organization 军需供应无组织
15.harry /ˈhæri/v. 不断袭扰；骚扰；折磨
o课文搭配：harried the enemy 袭扰敌人
16.patrol /pəˈtrəʊl/n. 巡逻队；巡逻 v. 巡逻
o课文搭配：his patrols 他的巡逻队
17.skirmish /ˈskɜːmɪʃ/n. 小规模战斗；小冲突
o课文搭配：a long series of skirmishes 一连串小规模战斗
18.episode /ˈepɪsəʊd/n. 插曲；轶事；一段经历
o课文搭配：the episode 这段轶事
19.epic/ˈepɪk/n. 史诗；壮举 adj. 史诗般的
o课文搭配：a unique epic 独一无二的传奇
20.assail /əˈseɪl/v. 困扰；袭击；猛攻
o课文搭配：hunger assailed the army 饥饿侵袭军队
二、高级固定搭配（课文必背 + 写作加分）
1.act as充当；担任；起…… 作用
o原文：acted as his own spy
o写作：act as a mediator 充当调解人
2.disguise oneself as把自己假扮成……
o原文：disguised as a minstrel
o同义：be disguised as
3.settle down定居；安顿；驻扎
o原文：had settled down for the winter
o拓展：settle down to work 静下心工作
4.be fit for适合；胜任
o原文：were no longer fit for prolonged battle
o写作：be fit for the job 胜任工作
5.depend on/upon依靠；依赖；取决于
o原文：depended on irregular raids
o写作：success depends on effort 成功取决于努力
6.be faced with面对；面临
o原文：faced with the Danish advance
o同义：in the face of
7.on the move在移动；在行进；活跃中
o原文：was constantly on the move
o写作：keep the army on the move 让部队持续机动
8.a series of一系列；一连串
o原文：a long series of skirmishes
o写作：a series of measures一系列措施
9.serve as充当；担任；堪称
o原文：serve as a unique epic
o写作：serve as an example 成为榜样
10.compare with与…… 相比（同类对比）
o原文：trivial compared with the Danish horde
o区分：compare to 把…… 比作
三、拓展高频搭配（考试 / 阅读 / 写作通用）
军事 / 谍报类
·royal espionage 王室谍报活动
·fighting men 作战人员
·security precautions 安全防范措施
·raiding parties 劫掠小队
·prolonged battle 持久战
·commissariat supply 军需补给
·open battle 正面作战
·patrol troops 巡逻部队
·skirmish with the enemy 与敌人发生小冲突
生活 / 描述类
·wandering minstrels 云游吟游歌手
·acrobatic tricks 杂技技巧
·simple conjuring 小魔术
·slack discipline 松弛的纪律
·a life of ease 安逸的生活
·neighbouring regions 邻近地区
·irregular raids 不定期劫掠
逻辑 / 推理类
·deduce from... 从…… 中推断
·draw a conclusion 得出结论
·make a deduction 做出推论
·penetrate the truth 洞悉真相
句型:
1. 描述 “亲自做某事” 的高级句式
原句：Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.
可套用句型：
Sb. acted as his/her own ..., doing ... disguised as ...
作文示例：
The young writer acted as his own reporter, visiting remote villages disguised as a local traveler.
翻译：这位年轻作家亲自充当记者，假扮成当地旅行者走访偏远乡村。
2. 描述 “面对情况不贸然行动，而是采取策略”
原句：Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.
可套用句型：
Sb. did not risk ... but ...
作文示例：
We should not risk impulsive decisions but think carefully before taking action.
翻译：我们不应冒险做出冲动决定，而应在行动前仔细思考。
3. 描述 “从观察中推断出关键结论”
原句：Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle.
可套用句型：
Sb. had deduced that ... were no longer fit for ...
作文示例：
Experts have deduced that this old method is no longer fit for modern society.
翻译：专家们已推断出这种古老方法已不再适用于现代社会。
4. 描述 “某事堪称某类领域中的经典 / 传奇”
原句：The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!
可套用句型：
... could reasonably serve as a unique ... of ...
作文示例：
This story could reasonably serve as a unique example of courage and wisdom.
翻译：这个故事堪称勇气与智慧的独特典范。
5. 描述 “某条件存在时，某人采取持续行动”
原句：He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him.
可套用句型：
Sb. was constantly on the move, doing ...
作文示例：The scientist was constantly on the move, collecting data in different fields.
翻译：这位科学家四处奔走，在不同领域收集数据。
