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2026-03-23 关于USPTO培训资料《Legal Analysis and Writing》笔记10

  • 2026-03-24 03:36:36
2026-03-23 关于USPTO培训资料《Legal Analysis and Writing》笔记10

引言

USPTO培训资料《Legal Analysis and Writing》的链接为:https://www.uspto.gov/video/cbt/rspnd-lglargmnts/index.htm

正文

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1.5 Topics 主题

We'll begin now with our first topic, Patents and the U.S. Legal System.

现在,我们开始第一个主题:专利与美国法律体系。

1.6 The U.S.Constitution and Patents:美国宪法与专利

The Constitution itself gives Congress the authority to create both a copyright system and a patent system in article I, section 8, clause 8.

美国宪法第一条第八款第八项赋予国会设立版权制度和专利制度的权力。

Congress has the power "to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries."

国会有权 “通过保障作者和发明人在有限期限内对其各自的作品和发现享有独占权,以促进科学和实用艺术的进步

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解释和拓展:

1.give作为授权的含义及类似词

(1.1) givethe authority联用,有“授予职权”的意思。但是用give不太正式,可以在口语里使用。

The Constitution gives Congress the power to regulate patents.宪法给予国会管理专利的权力。

(1.2)grant指代授权行为。如果是授予专利权,那么主语就只能是专利局,而不能是审查员。正文例句中的give也可以用grant替代。

The patent office granted the patent after a thorough examination. 专利局经过全面审查后,授予了该专利权。

A granted patent gives the owner the right to exclude others from making, using, or selling the invention.一项被授权的专利赋予所有者阻止他人制造、使用或销售该发明的权利。

The patent owner may grant a license to third parties for commercial use.专利权人可授予第三方用于商业用途的许可。如果grant不是特指授予专利权,那么主语也可以不为专利审查机构。

(1.3)confer赋予某人某种权力,但是其不能单独使用,需要在如下的固定搭配中使用“confer on/upon sb. sth.”。

A patent confers upon its owner the exclusive right to exploit the invention for a limited period.专利在有限期限内赋予其所有者实施该发明的独占权。

The patent law confers on the Patent Office the authority to examine applications.专利法赋予专利局审查申请的权力。

A valid patent confers upon the owner exclusive rights to use the invention.有效专利赋予权利人使用该发明的独占权。

(1.4)vest强调权利归属于某主体,是一个非常正式的术语,也有固定搭配:vest sb. with sth.,或者 vest authority in sb.,或者be vested with sth,或者be vested in sb。这是因为vest有“马甲”的意思,类比理解为:前朝臣子一旦被赐予黄马褂,相当于就有了一定特权。

The law vests the examiner withthe authority to issue official actions.法律赋予审查员作出审查意见的权力。With后面跟的是sth.,例如,可以是职权(authority)或权力(power)

The patent statute vests exclusive authority in the Patent Office to determine patentability.专利法将专属权力授予专利局,由其判断专利性。

Once a patent is issued, the patent owner is vested with exclusive rights to make, use, and sell the invention.专利一经授权,专利权人即被赋予制造、使用、销售该发明的独占权。

Exclusive patent rights are vested inthe applicant upon grant.专利权一经授予,独占权即归属于申请人。In后面跟的是sb.

(1.5) provide在法律条文中也有“依法赋予权力或权利”的含义,其固定搭配是provide sb. with sth.provide that…

The statute provides the Office with the power to reject incomplete applications.该法规定专利局有权驳回不完整的申请。

The law provides that exclusive rights shall be granted to the inventor.法律规定应向发明人授予独占权。

(1.6)accord意思是:依法给予某人应得的权利。

The law accords the patent owner the right to exclude others from using the invention.法律给予专利权人禁止他人使用该发明的权利。

All applicants are accorded equal treatment under the examination guidelines.所有申请人依审查指南享有平等待遇。

另外,accord也可以用在国际领域,强调给予他国国民与本国国民对等、互惠的待遇。

Member states of the Paris Convention accord national treatment to applicants from other member states.《巴黎公约》成员国给予来自其他成员国的申请人国民待遇。

The same priority right may be accorded to applications filed in participating countries.在参与国提交的申请可被给予相同的优先权。

(1.7)bestow常用于赐予荣誉,而不常用于授予法定权力或职权等。因此,在该语境中不适用。固定搭配为bestow sth. Onupon sb.

The highest honor was bestowed on examiners who achieved exceptional examination quality.最高荣誉被授予审查质量优异的审查员。

This title is bestowed upon individuals with outstanding contributions to patent law.该头衔授予对专利法有杰出贡献的人士。

(1.8)empower主要用于表达“给于某人权限去做某事”。固定搭配为empower sb. to do sth.

The new rules empower examiners to request additional information from applicants.新规则授权审查员向申请人要求补充信息。

The statute empowers the Patent Office to establish appropriate examination procedures.该法授权专利局制定适当的审查程序。

2. in article I, section 8, clause 8。这里不用under,而用in。是因为主语是The Constitutionarticle I, section 8, clause 8是属于The Constitution里面(in)的具体条款,所以用in

但是如果主语不是法律,而是表示“行为”等,那么可以用under

The provision is stated in Article I, Section 8.该规定写在第一条第八款中。主语是法律,那么in就表示条款在法律中的位置。

The rejection is issued under Section 103.驳回是依据第103 条作出的。主语是行为,那么under就表示行为的依据。

3.secure的同类词:

(3.1) secure在正文例句中的意思不是“牢固的”、“安全的”,意思是:保障某人享受权利,而不受侵犯。

正文例句中,本来的语序应该为securing the exclusive right to authors and inventors(保障作者与发明人享有独占权),但是因为the exclusive right还有一个后置定语to their respective writings and discoveries(对其各自的著作与发现),意思是“对其各自的著作与发现”的独占权,那么就将the exclusive right移动到authors and inventors之后了。

securing for limited times(强调secure这个动作的持续时间)】 to authors and inventors the exclusive rightto their respective writings and discoveries(用于修饰前面的the exclusive right)】。

The patent system secures exclusive rights to inventors.专利制度保障发明人享有独占权。

The law secures to applicants the right to a fair hearing.法律保障申请人享有公平听证的权利

(3.2)guarantee:保证、担保,带有承诺、负责、保证不出问题的意思,常用于质量、担保等。

The law cannot guarantee that every invention will be commercialized.法律无法保证每一项发明都会被商业化。

This procedure guarantees a fair review process.该程序保障了公平的审查流程。

(3.3) ensure确保某事发生,不侧保障权而,侧重保障事情得到落实。

The examiner must ensure that all claims are definite.审查员必须确保所有权利要求是清楚的。

We need to ensure compliance with the statute.我们需要确保符合法令要求。

4. for limited times修饰动作secure的持续时间。一般用for a limited timefor a limited period。此处time用复数times,是因为有两个主体(authors and inventors),这两个主体的独占权均有各自不同的期限,所以一共有两个期限,那么就用复数times

The protection is available for a limited time after publication of patent.该保护在专利公开后的有限时间内有效。

Copyright protects works for a limited period to encourage creation.版权在有限期限内保护作品,以鼓励创作。

5. authors指的是作者,而writer指的是作家或者撰稿人。

Author是指创作了原创作品的人,如果要强调作品的权利归属,那么必须要用author,而不要用writer

The author of the book has copyright protection.本书的作者享有版权保护。

Copyright belongs to the author.版权归著作人所有。

Writer从事写作的人,是一种职业,不强调原创,也不涉及作品的权利归属。

He is a professional writer.他是一名职业作家。

The writer prepared the report.这位撰稿人撰写了报告。

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以上是笔者基于目前认知所形成的一家之言,若有不妥之处,欢迎大家评论交流!

本文为原创,若转载请注明出处,谢谢!

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001109s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=no_67808;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001571s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000642s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000607s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001214s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000629s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.001450s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 476989 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001046s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1774297002 WHERE `id` = 476989 [ RunTime:0.074950s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.008164s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 476989 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001200s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 476989 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.007644s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 476989 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.001713s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 476989 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.001651s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 476989 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.038263s ]
0.306549s