【26版英语步步高人教版学习笔记选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Section ⅢDiscovering Useful Structures
Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
阅读以下短文，感知黑体句子，并完成下面的练习
①“Time to hit the ice，” her uncle said.②As he helped her walk to the edge of the rink，he said，“We will hold your hands and you can stand between us.” Cali took their hands in hers and made her first step onto the smooth ice.She grinned and tried taking a few steps.③“Good，Cali.Now try to glide on one foot for just a second longer than on each foot as you walk，” suggested her aunt.Then her uncle skated in front of her while her aunt guided her from behind.④“Skate to your uncle now，” she said，pushing her on the back a little to get more speed.Cali glided unsteadily towards her uncle，taking small steps and fighting for balance.⑤When she reached her uncle，he told her to try it on her own.Cali wasn’t too sure about that.It seemed as if everyone else was zooming past her.She started to get nervous，but she still gave it a try.
[自主发现]
英语中常用两种方式引用别人说的话。一种是直接引语，如句____________；另一种是间接引语，如句________。
直接引语和间接引语
直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语如果改为间接引语，需在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。
一、连接词的选择
1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。
She said，“I’m an ecologist and I’m devoted to protecting the environment.”
她说：“我是一名生态学家，致力于保护环境。”
→She said (that) she was an ecologist and she was devoted to protecting the environment.
她说她是一名生态学家，致力于保护环境。
2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或附加疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或．..or not)或if引导。
(2023·浙江1月)Peter asked Miss Johnson，“Could you tell us what the best part about your job is？”
彼得问约翰逊小姐：“你能告诉我们你的工作中最棒的部分是什么吗？”
→Peter asked Miss Johnson whether she could tell them what the best part about her job was.
彼得问约翰逊小姐，她能否告诉他们她的工作中最棒的部分是什么。
3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
(2023·浙江1月)Peter asked Miss Johnson，“What do you hope to achieve by being a teacher？”
彼得问约翰逊小姐：“你希望作为一名教师能取得什么成就？”
→Peter asked Miss Johnson what she hoped to achieve by being a teacher.
彼得问约翰逊小姐，她希望作为一名教师能取得什么成就。
[名师点津] (1)直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb”常改为told sb。
(2)直接引语为疑问句时，如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。
(3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
二、人称的变化
记忆口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。
1．“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
Miss Johnson said，“I enjoy getting my meals cooked for me every day.”
约翰逊小姐说：“我喜欢每天有人为我做饭。”
→Miss Johnson said that she enjoyed getting her meals cooked for her every day.
约翰逊小姐说，她喜欢每天有人为她做饭。
2．“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
(2022·全国甲)The woman said to Dave，“You can wear your new sports jacket.”
这位女士对戴夫说：“ 你可以穿你的新运动夹克。”
→The woman told Dave that he could wear his new sports jacket.
这位女士告诉戴夫，他可以穿他的新运动夹克。
3．“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
Annie asked Steve，“Where are they going to hold the graduation ceremony？”
安妮问史蒂夫：“他们打算在哪里举行毕业典礼？”
→Annie asked Steve where they were going to hold the graduation ceremony.
安妮问史蒂夫，他们打算在哪里举行毕业典礼。
三、时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时句子时态变化如下表：
| 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
句子 时态 | 一般现在时 | 一般过去时 |
现在进行时 | 过去进行时 |
现在完成时 | 过去完成时 |
一般过去时 | 过去完成时 |
过去完成时 | 过去完成时(不变) |
一般将来时 | 过去将来时 |
(2022·浙江1月)“I’m trying to get more and more people to understand that there are solutions，” said she.她说：“我正在努力让越来越多的人明白，有解决办法。”
→She said that she was trying to get more and more people to understand that there were solutions.
她说，她正在努力让越来越多的人明白，有解决办法。
The director said，“We are happy to be taking part in the project.It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”主管说：“我们很高兴参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来。”
→The director said that they were happy to be taking part in the project and that it would really
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