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Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习
The Amber Room was given this name because of several tons of amber ①used to make it.The ②selected amber had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.The government had the room ③designed in the fancy style popular in those days.It was also a treasure ④decorated with gold and jewels，which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.
Later，Catherine Ⅱ got the Amber Room ⑤moved to a palace outside St.Petersburg where she spent her summers.Sadly，the Amber Room，⑥considered one of the wonders of the world，is now missing.
1．①②④⑥在句中作定语，其中②为前置定语，①④⑥为后置定语。
2．③⑤在句中作宾语补足语。
3．过去分词作定语时与它所修饰的名词构成被动关系，过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后，单个的过去分词作定语可直接放于被修饰词的前面。过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语构成被动关系。
过去分词作定语
一、过去分词作定语时的位置
一般情况下，单个的过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人们现在正在医院受到良好的照顾。
To return to the problem of water pollution，I’d like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.
＝To return to the problem of water pollution，I’d like you to look at a study which was conducted in Australia in 2012.
回到水污染的问题上，我想让你看一下2012年在澳大利亚开展的一项研究。
(1)有些过去分词可以表示特定含义，单独作定语时要放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。
There were a couple of seats left at the back.
后面还剩几个座位。
(2)如果被修饰的词是指示代词those或something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等不定代词，单个的过去分词作定语时要放在这些词的后面。
He is one of those invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
(3)有些过去分词作定语时，前置和后置的意义不同。
The authorities concerned are to blame.
有关当局应受到指责。
She looked at me with a concerned look.
她带着关切的表情望着我。
二、过去分词作定语时的意义
1．及物动词的过去分词作定语时，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时只表示被动。
He is a teacher respected by all the students.
他是一位受所有学生尊敬的老师。(只表示被动)
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.
会上提出的这项计划将很快被执行。(表示完成和被动)
2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
早晨，升起的太阳正闪闪发光。
When I woke up the next morning，I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves.
当我第二天早上醒来时，发现地面被落叶覆盖了。
过去分词作宾语补足语
1．在表状态的动词keep，leave等的后面。
He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving his breakfast untouched.
他起得很晚，没吃早饭就匆匆地去了办公室。
2．在使役动词have、get和make的后面。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇某种不幸”。
Claire had/got her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱尔(让安检员)对她的行李进行了检查。
While they were on holiday，they had/got their car broken into.
他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很简单的英语来设法使自己被理解。
3．在感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后面。
When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家度过假期。
The next morning，people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界完全变了样。
4．在表示“意愿；命令”的动词like，want，wish，expect，order等后面。
The manager orders the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5．在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备盛放待煮的饭菜。
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函，正好他的工作也做完了，于是他欣然接受了邀请。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Technological innovations(创新)，combined(combine) with good marketing，will promote the sales of these products.
2．Data collected(collect) from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed，with very low error rates.
3．Earth Day，marked(mark) on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
4．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed(design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
5．He walked into the room quietly in order not to make himself noticed(notice)．
6．On the bank of the river，we found him lying on a bench，with his eyes fixed(fix) on a kite in the sky.
Ⅱ.用过去分词作定语和宾语补足语补全句子
1．当他醒来时，他发觉自己被一群孩子围着。
When he woke up，he found himself surrounded by a group of children.
2．如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重自己。
If you want to make yourself respected，you are above all to respect yourself.
3．解决这一问题的关键就是满足顾客提出的要求。
The key to solving the problem is to meet the demands made by the customers.
4．人们期待这些从全国选出的运动员在这次夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣誉。
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
5．由于卸下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。
With a great load taken off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.
训练3 Discovering Useful Structures [分值：71.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The performers chosen(choose) from the whole country will bring us a feast for the eyes.
2．To tell the truth，you must make every effort to improve your spoken(speak) English.
3．No matter how busy she is，Lily manages to get her work finished(finish) on time.
4．When she returned home，she found the window open and something stolen(steal)．
5．My brother rushed out of home with the door unlocked(unlock) when his friend called him.
6．Prices of daily goods bought(buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
7．The yoga club，opened(open) last month in our school，is popular among women teachers.
8．I heard the song sung(sing) several times last week.
9．Excuse me，but it is time to have your temperature taken(take)．
10．When he came in，he found all the students seated(seat) there reading.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1.5分，满分9分)
Li Hong once hated cycling and his 1.abandoned(abandon) bicycle was in the corner of the garage.Later his father invited a 2.retired(retire) bike instructor to give him some instructions.In order to make him strong，his coach required him to practise every day.He must finish the task in the 3.given(give) time.With his coach’s words 4.kept(keep) in mind，he covered a long distance on a regular basis.The method 5.adopted(adopt) by his coach was very scientific and with time going by，he made rapid progress.In a cycle race Li Hong took part in，the cyclists 6.involved(involve) all longed to win medals.During the match，the audience beside the road waved at him and he was proud of himself.Finally，Li Hong won a gold medal.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·江苏常州高一上期末)
At the Smithsonian Folklife Festival，among mountain songs and ethnic costumes and special ceremonies，I am noticeable despite my modern dress，as my green “VOLUNTEER” name tag brands me as a perfect target for curious tourists.I have volunteered to learn about global customs; my knowledge of my native culture is limited.I had boxed up my past before moving to America eight years ago，when a new continent considered my old self foreign.
Here on the National Mall，I am the only means of communication between the Americans and the artisans(工匠)，who were invited from China to display their talents.They see my awkward hand gestures as I test my mother tongue，speaking Mandarin(普通话) and putting it into English for visitors.
The artisans possess exceptional skills.He Guoyao can read thousands of pictographic characters(象
通过网盘分享的文件：【淘宝店：品优教学】赠送等3个文件
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1brAH9JtN6nncBudsNo0jrg?pwd=4321 提取码: 4321
--来自百度网盘超级会员v8的分享
10个月宝宝每天需要喝多少奶粉？
