赖世雄英语学习笔记 -语法篇

笔记基于赖世雄英语方法论整理，部分学习资源取自 B 站。

1. 语法入门前提

一定的文章阅读量

一定的单词量

2. 建立语法大局观

2.1 五大基本句型

2.2 连词和关系词

• 复合句：利用并列连词构成的句子

• • 并列连词：and, so, but, or

  • 特殊结构：Not only... but also...（否定副词放句首，句子应倒装结构）

    例句：Not only can she sing, but she can also dance. = Not only can she sing, but she can dance as well.

  ---

• 复杂句：由主句和从句构成

• • 名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语）

  • That 引导的名词性从句

    • • 主语从句：That he doesn't study makes me angry.（可用it作形式主语）

      • 宾语从句：I believe that John is trustworthy.

      • 表语从句：The problem with Peter is that he is too lazy.

    • 一般疑问句变成的名词性从句（whether 引导）：Whether she is beautiful is not known.

    • 疑问词引导的名词性从句：I don't know who he is.

  • 定语从句：由关系词引导、修饰先行词的从句

  • • John is a man who/that never lies.

    • This is a book which/that I enjoy reading.

    • I saw a man shouting at the driver, whose car was blocking the street.

    • He was born in 1945, when/in which WWII was over.

  • 状语从句：起副词作用的从句

  • • I'm not sure why he's crying.

    • When he showed up, all the guests had left.

    • Although he was tired, he kept working.

2.3 句子化简为分词短语

2.3.1 不定式

• 不定式的类型和用法

• • 原型不定式：情态动词+动词原形（例：I must do it！）

  • To 引导的不定式

  • • To make it big, you must work hard.

    • 不定式短语：通常表示意愿或未完成的事（例：I desire/intend/plan/expect to study aboard.）

• 不定式短语的作用

• • 作名词（主语）：

  • To take a trip around the world has been my dream. = It has been my dream to take a trip around the word.

  • 作状语（副词）：

  • • To achieve your goals, you must work hard. = you must work hard to achieve your goals.

    • He's old enough to go swimming.

2.3.2 分词

• 作形容词

• • 过去分词（感到...的，受到...的）：tired, well educated, injured, confused

  • 现在分词（令人...的）：confusing, tiring, demanding

• 被动语态：及物动词的被动语态=be动词+过去分词

• 例：No one was killed in the accident.

• 现在进行时：be动词+现在分词

  例：Peter is sitting in the corner.

• 其他用法

• • The + 过去分词当做名词：The unexpected has happened. = Something that was unexpected has happened.

  • a/an + 过去/现在分词 +数字：

  • • An estimated 54 people were killed in the air crash.

    • A staggering 5 million dollars were needed for the project.

  • 单句化简为分词短语（步骤：1️⃣去掉相同的主语，2️⃣动词变being，3️⃣现在分词being 可以省略）

  • 原句：The boy was sick of studying, so he ran away form home.

    改后：Sick of studying, the boy ran away from home.

  • 定语从句化简为分词短语（步骤：1️⃣去掉关系代词，2️⃣动词变现在分词，3️⃣being 可以省略）

          原句：Who is the boy who is locked behind the door?

          改后：Who is the boy locked behind the door?

感谢你的认真阅读。

欢迎留言区提出您的建议或学习心得。