Lesson 21 William S.Hart and the early ‘Western’ film

课文:
1. William S. Hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars, for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns.
·句子类型:并列复合句(for 引导并列原因分句)
·核心结构:主句 (William S. Hart was…stars) + 并列连词 for +原因分句 (he appeared in…Westerns)
·语法要点:① perhaps 为插入语;② for 表较弱因果;③ nothing but = only 表 “仅仅”。
·释义:威廉・S・哈特或许是所有西部片明星中最伟大的一位,因为与加里・库珀和约翰・韦恩不同,他只出演西部片。
2. From 1914 to 1924 he was supreme and unchallenged.
·句子类型:简单句(主系表结构)
·核心结构:时间状语 (From 1914 to 1924) + 主语 (he) + 系动词 (was) + 并列表语 (supreme and unchallenged)
·语法要点:and 连接两个形容词作表语,描述状态。
·释义:1914 年至 1924 年期间,他首屈一指、无人能及。
3. It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made.
·句子类型:强调句 + 并列谓语 + 定语从句
·核心结构:强调句型 (It was Hart who…) + 并列谓语 (created…and devised…) + 定语从句(protagonist (that) he played…film (that) he made)
·语法要点:① It was…who… 强调主语;②两处定语从句均省略关系代词 that。
·释义:正是哈特开创了西部片的基本模式,并塑造了他在每部自导影片中饰演的主角。
4. The good-bad man, the accidental, noble outlaw, or the honest, but framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip; in short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment.
·句子类型:名词性短语(同位语结构)
·核心结构:并列名词短语 + 总结短语 (in short, the individual…)
·语法要点:① framed /made suspect 为过去分词作后置定语;② in short 用于总结。
·释义:亦正亦邪之人、意外成为高尚亡命徒者、诚实却遭诬陷的牛仔,或因恶语流言蒙冤的警长;简言之,一个与自我及边疆环境相冲突的个体。
5. Unlike most of his contemporaries in Hollywood, Hart actually knew something of the old West.
·句子类型:简单句(主谓宾结构)
·核心结构:比较状语 (Unlike…) + 主语(Hart) + 谓语 (knew) + 宾语 (something of the old West)
·语法要点:Unlike 引导比较状语,置于句首作对比。
·释义:与好莱坞多数同时代影人不同,哈特真正了解旧时西部。
6. He had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing.
·句子类型:复合句(时间状语从句)
·核心结构:主句 (He had lived in it) + 时间状语从句 (when it was already disappearing)
·语法要点:①主句过去完成时;②从句过去进行时;③ as a child 作状语。
·释义:他童年曾生活于此,彼时旧时西部正逐渐消逝。
7. And his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences, and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier.
·句子类型:简单句(主系表结构)
·核心结构:主语 (his hero) + 系表 (was firmly rooted) + 并列状语 (in…and in…)
·语法要点:① be rooted in 固定搭配 “根植于”;② both…and… 连接并列成分。
·释义:他塑造的英雄深深植根于他的记忆与经历,也植根于已逝边疆的历史与神话。
8. And although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized, myth and reality did join hands in at least one arena, the conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization.
·句子类型:复合句(让步状语从句)
·核心结构:让步状语从句 (although…) + 主句 (myth and reality did join hands…)
·语法要点:① although 引导让步状语;②比较级表最高级含义;③ did 表强调。
·释义:尽管美国历史上没有哪个时期或地域被如此荒诞地浪漫化,但神话与现实至少在一个领域交汇:个人与渐入文明的冲突。
9. Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians were bewildered by politicians, bankers and businessmen, and unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos.
·句子类型:简单句(被动语态)
·核心结构:主语 (Men) + 后置定语(accustomed to…) + 并列被动谓语 (were bewildered…and unhorsed)
·语法要点:① accustomed to… 作后置定语;②被动结构并列,省略重复 were。
·释义:习惯与自然和印第安人抗争求生的人们,被政客、银行家、商人搞得茫然失措,又被圈地、法律与外来禁忌彻底击溃。
10. Hart's good-bad man was always an outsider, always one of the disinherited.
·句子类型:简单句(主系表结构)
·核心结构:主语 (Hart's good-bad man) + 系动词 (was) + 并列表语 (outsider…disinherited)
·语法要点:the disinherited“定冠词 + 过去分词” 表一类人。
·释义:哈特笔下亦正亦邪的角色始终是局外人,是被剥夺权利者。
11. And if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way, his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians.
·句子类型:复合句(条件状语 + 时间状语 + 强调句)
·核心结构:条件状语 (if…) + 主句(audiences found it…) + 时间状语 (especially when…)
·语法要点:① it 作形式宾语;② when 引导时间状语;③强调句内嵌。
·释义:倘若他认为途中必须枪击警长或抢劫银行,早期观众极易理解与原谅,尤其是最终战胜来犯印第安人的正是哈特时。
12. Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century found it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple.
·句子类型:复合句(形式宾语 + 定语从句)
·核心结构:主语 (Audiences) + 谓语(found) + 形式宾语 (it) + 真正宾语 (to escape…) + 定语从句 (when life…)
·语法要点:① it 作形式宾语;② when 引导定语从句;③ though hard 省略状语。
·释义:20 世纪第二个十年的观众乐于遁入一个虽艰苦却相对单纯的时代。
13. We still do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives, we all want a code to live by.
·句子类型:并列复合句(分号连接 + 定语从句)
·核心结构:前分句 (We still do) + 后分句(living in…we all want…)
·语法要点:① in which 引导定语从句;② to live by 作后置定语。
·释义:我们如今依然如此;生活在充斥着不宣而战、战争、虚伪、欺诈、混乱与迫近毁灭的世界,我们都渴望一套立身准则。
词汇:
一、核心词汇
1.supreme /suːˈpriːm/adj. 最高的;至高无上的;卓越的
课文搭配:be supreme首屈一指
拓展:supremacy n. 至高无上;霸权
2.unchallenged /ʌnˈtʃælɪndʒd/adj. 未受挑战的;独霸的
课文搭配:be unchallenged无人能及
拓展:challenge v. 挑战
3.formula /ˈfɔːmjələ/n. 公式;模式;惯例
课文搭配:the basic formula基本模式
拓展:formulae/pl. 公式;模式
4.protagonist /prəˈtæɡənɪst/n. 主角;主人公
课文搭配:devise the protagonist塑造主人公
拓展:leading role 主角(同义)
5.outlaw /ˈaʊtlɔː/n. 逃犯;亡命之徒;被剥夺法律保护者
课文搭配:noble outlaw高尚的逃犯
6.frame /freɪm/v. 陷害;诬陷 n. 框架
课文搭配:framed cowboy被陷害的牛仔
拓展:be framed for sth 因某事被陷害
7.sheriff /ˈʃerɪf/n. (美国)县治安官;警长
8.vicious /ˈvɪʃəs/adj. 恶毒的;恶意的;剧烈的
课文搭配:vicious gossip恶毒的流言
9.contemporary /kənˈtemprəri/n. 同代人;同龄人 adj. 当代的
课文搭配:his contemporaries他的同代人
10.vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/v. 消失;绝迹
课文搭配:vanished frontier已消失的边疆
拓展:vanishing adj. 正在消失的
11.frontier /ˈfrʌntɪə(r)/n. 边疆;边界;边境地区
12.romanticize /rəʊˈmæntɪsaɪz/v. 使浪漫化;传奇化
课文搭配:absurdly romanticized荒诞地浪漫化
13.encroach /ɪnˈkrəʊtʃ/v. 侵占;侵犯;蚕食
课文搭配:encroaching civilization逐渐侵入的文明
拓展:encroachment n. 侵占
14.bewilder /bɪˈwɪldə(r)/v. 使困惑;使晕头转向
课文搭配:be bewildered by被…… 搞晕
拓展:bewildered adj. 困惑的
15.unhorse /ˌʌnˈhɔːs/v. 使落马;推翻;击败
16.taboo /təˈbuː/n. 禁忌;忌讳 adj. 禁忌的
17.disinherited /ˌdɪsɪnˈherɪtɪd/adj. 被剥夺继承权的;失落的
课文搭配:one of the disinherited被剥夺权利者
18.hypocrisy /hɪˈpɒkrəsi/n. 虚伪;伪善
19.chicanery /ʃɪˈkeɪnəri/n. 欺诈;诡辩;耍花招
20.anarchy /ˈænəki/n. 无政府状态;混乱
21.impending /ɪmˈpendɪŋ/adj. 即将发生的;迫近的
22.immolation /ˌɪməˈleɪʃn/n. 杀戮;牺牲;自杀
23.code /kəʊd/n. 准则;规范;密码
课文搭配:a code to live by赖以生存的准则
二、高级固定搭配
1.nothing but仅仅;只;除…… 之外没有
用法:后接名词 / 代词,表强调
例句:He appeared in nothing but Westerns.
2.in short总之;简而言之
用法:用于总结,高级连接短语
3.be rooted in根植于;来源于
用法:后接名词,表起源 / 基础
例句:His hero was rooted in his memories.
4.join hands in在…… 方面联手 / 交汇
用法:表抽象事物融合
5.struggle for survival为生存而挣扎
用法:高频高级短语
6.against the elements对抗大自然 / 恶劣天气
用法:elements 表 “自然力量”
7.make suspect使受到怀疑
用法:过去分词作定语
8.in conflict with与…… 冲突 / 矛盾
用法:表人 / 事物间对立
9.live by a code恪守准则;按准则生活
用法:高级人生哲理表达
10.bewildered by被…… 弄糊涂 / 困惑
用法:被动结构,书面常用
三、拓展高频搭配
影视 / 人物类
·Western film西部影片
·Western stars西部片明星
·create the formula创造模式 / 基调
·devise the protagonist塑造主人公
·good-bad man亦正亦邪的人物
·honest but framed诚实却遭陷害
历史 / 社会类
·old West旧时美国西部
·frontier environment边疆环境
·vanished frontier消失的边疆
·encroaching civilization侵入的文明
·vicious gossip恶毒流言蜚语
·alien taboos外来的清规戒律
情感 / 态度类
·undeclared aggression不宣而战的侵略
·impending immolation即将临头的毁灭
·part of daily lives日常生活的一部分
句型:
1. 强调句型(万能开头 / 点人物)
原句:It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film.
套用句型:It was sb.who did sth.(正是某人做了某事)
替换示例:It was hard work that led him to achieve his dream.
翻译:正是努力让他实现了自己的梦想。
2. 表 “根植于 / 来源于”(写原因、背景、文化)
原句:His hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences.
套用句型:Sth. is firmly rooted in sth.(某事物深深根植于……)
替换示例:Traditional culture is firmly rooted in people’s daily life.
翻译:传统文化深深根植于人们的日常生活中。
3. 让步 + 最高级(写观点、对比、评价)
原句:Although no period in American history has been more absurdly romanticized, myth and reality joined hands.
套用句型:Although no…has been more…, …(尽管没有…… 比…… 更……,但……)
替换示例:Although no task has been more difficult, we finally finished it.
翻译:尽管没有任务比这更困难,我们最终还是完成了它。
4. 形式宾语(写感受、态度、选择)
原句:Audiences found it pleasant to escape to a time when life was simple.
套用句型:Sb. find it adj. to do sth.(某人觉得做某事是…… 的)
替换示例:Many students find it important to develop good habits.
翻译:很多学生觉得养成好习惯很重要。
5. 表 “我们都需要 / 渴望”(结尾升华、价值观)
原句:We all want a code to live by in modern society.
套用句型:We all want/need sth. to do…(我们都需要…… 来……)
替换示例:We all need courage to face difficulties in life.
翻译:我们都需要勇气去面对生活中的困难。