Lesson 45 The power of the press
课文分析：
In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned.
在民主国家里，任何限制新闻自由的企图都理所当然地受到谴责。
However, this freedom can easily be abused.
然而，这种自由很容易被滥用。
Stories about people often attract far more public attention than political events.
常人轶事往往比政治事件更能引起公众注意。
Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves.
我们都喜欢看别人的生活，但很难说我们会喜欢以同样的方式看我们自己的生活。
Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.
记者们认为事实是神圣的，因此他们会通过报道他人私生活细节，给当事人造成巨大的痛苦。
Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.
报纸具有巨大的影响力，它们不仅能改变普通人的生活，甚至能推翻一个政府。
The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press.
一个贫苦家庭一夜成名、一夜暴富的故事，戏剧性地展示了新闻报道的威力。
The family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 inhabitants in South Dakota.
这户人家住在南达科他州的一个人口为 23,000 的小镇阿伯丁。
As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.
这对夫妇已有五个孩子，生活长期在贫困中挣扎。
They were expecting their sixth child and were faced with even more pressing economic problems.
他们又怀上了第六个孩子，面临着更为严峻的经济问题。
If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed.
如果他们只是再多一个孩子，这件事根本不会引起任何人的注意。
They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity.
他们会继续在困境中挣扎，过着默默无闻的生活。
But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy, an event which radically changed their lives.
但他们突然生下了五胞胎 —— 四女一男，这件事彻底改变了他们的生活。
The day after the birth of the five children, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers.
五胞胎出生的第二天，一架飞机载着 60 名记者和摄影师降落在阿伯丁。
The rise to fame was swift.
他们迅速声名鹊起。
Television cameras and newspapers carried the news to everyone in the country.
电视镜头和报纸把这条消息传遍了全国。
Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs.
报纸和杂志社向这家人支付巨额费用，以获得报道和照片的独家出版权。
Gifts poured in not only from unknown people, but from baby food and soap manufacturers who wished to advertise their products.
礼物从四面八方涌来，不仅有陌生人送的，还有婴儿食品和肥皂制造商送的，他们希望借此为自己的产品打广告。
The old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by a new $500,000 home.
他们住的旧农舍将被一栋价值 50 万美元的新房子取代。
Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences.
记者们不断要求采访，因此这家人不得不雇律师在新闻发布会上担任发言人。
While the five babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in a hospital nursery, their parents were paying the price for fame.
当五个婴儿还在医院育婴室的氧气帐里安睡时，他们的父母却已经在为出名付出代价。
It would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives.
他们再也无法过正常的生活了。
They had become the victims of commercialization, for their names had acquired a market value.
他们成了商业化的受害者，因为他们的名字已经有了市场价值。
Instead of being five new family members, these children had immediately become a commodity.
这五个孩子不再仅仅是家庭的新成员，他们立刻变成了商品。
课文分析：
1. In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned.
·句子类型：陈述句（被动语态，主谓结构）
·核心结构：地点状语 + 主语 + 后置定语 + 被动语态谓语
·语法要点：
1.介词短语 In democratic countries 作地点状语，置于句首。
2.主语 any efforts 后接不定式短语 to restrict the freedom of the press 作后置定语，限定 efforts 的具体内容。
3.谓语为被动语态 are condemned，副词 rightly 作方式状语，修饰被动动作。
4.固定搭配：the freedom of the press 意为 “新闻自由”；condemn此处为正式用语，表 “谴责”。
·释义：在民主国家里，任何限制新闻自由的企图都理所当然地受到谴责。
2. However, this freedom can easily be abused.
·句子类型：陈述句（被动语态，主谓结构）
·核心结构：转折副词状语 + 主语 + 情态动词被动谓语
·语法要点：
1.However 为转折副词，作句首状语，表语义转折，前后用逗号隔开。
2.谓语为含情态动词的被动语态 can be abused，副词 easily 作状语，修饰被动动作。
3.abuse 此处为动词，表 “滥用”，其被动形式 be abused 意为 “被滥用”。
·释义：然而，这种自由很容易被滥用。
3. Stories about people often attract far more public attention than political events.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓宾结构，含比较级）
·核心结构：主语 + 后置定语 + 状语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 比较级状语
·语法要点：
1.主语 Stories 后接介词短语 about people 作后置定语，限定 stories 的内容。
2.副词 often 作频率状语，修饰谓语动词 attract。
3.宾语 public attention 前用 far more 修饰，构成 far more...than... 比较级结构，far 用于加强比较级的程度。
4.than political events 为比较状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为 than political events attract public attention。
·释义：常人轶事往往比政治事件更能引起公众注意。
4. Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves.
·句子类型：复合句（让步状语从句 + 主句，含主语从句）
·核心结构：让步状语从句, 形式主语句（whether 引导的主语从句作真正主语）
·语法要点：
1.Though 引导让步状语从句，从句 we may enjoy reading about the lives of others 中，enjoy 后接动名词 reading 作宾语。
2.主句为形式主语句，it 为形式主语，真正主语是 whether 引导的主语从句 whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves。
3.extremely doubtful 为主句的表语，equally 为副词，修饰第二个 enjoy。
4.enjoy doing sth. 为固定搭配，表 “喜欢做某事”。
·释义：虽然我们都喜欢看别人的生活，但很难说我们会喜欢以同样的方式看我们自己的生活。
5. Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 现在分词短语作状语，含同位语从句）
·核心结构：现在分词短语（含同位语从句）作状语 + 主句主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 方式状语
·语法要点：
1.句首 Acting on the contention... 为现在分词短语作原因状语，其逻辑主语为主句主语 reporters，二者为主动关系。
2.that facts are sacred 为同位语从句，解释说明 contention 的具体内容，that 在从句中不作成分。
3.主句中 cause suffering to sb. 为固定搭配，表 “给某人造成痛苦”，untold为形容词修饰 suffering，表 “难以形容的、巨大的”。
4.by publishing details about their private lives 为介词短语作方式状语，修饰谓语动词 cause。
·释义：记者们秉持 “事实神圣” 的观点，通过报道他人私生活细节，给当事人造成了巨大的痛苦。
6. Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + such...that... 引导的结果状语从句，含 not only...but (also)... 并列结构）
·核心结构：主句主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（such + 形容词 + 名词） + that 引导的结果状语从句（含并列谓语）
·语法要点：
1.主句使用 exert influence 固定搭配，表 “施加影响”，such tremendous influence 为 such + 形容词 + 不可数名词结构。
2.that 引导结果状语从句，与 such 呼应，表 “如此…… 以至于……”。
3.从句中 not only...but even... 为递进并列结构，连接两个谓语 bring about major changes... 和 overthrow a government，not only 后的 can 可省略，此处保留以保持对称。
4.bring about changes to sth. 为固定搭配，表 “给…… 带来变化”；overthrow a government 表 “推翻政府”。
·释义：报纸具有巨大的影响力，它们不仅能给普通人的生活带来重大改变，甚至能推翻一个政府。
7. The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 定语从句）
·核心结构：主语（含定语从句） + 状语 + 谓语 + 宾语
·语法要点：
1.主语 The story 后接介词短语 of a poor family 作后置定语，that acquired fame and fortune overnight 为定语从句，修饰先行词 a poor family，that在从句中作主语。
2.副词 dramatically 作方式状语，修饰谓语动词 illustrates。
3.acquire fame and fortune 为固定搭配，表 “获得名利”；overnight 此处为副词，表 “一夜之间”。
4.illustrate the power of... 表“展示了…… 的力量”。
·释义：一个贫苦家庭一夜之间名利双收的故事，戏剧性地展示了新闻报道的威力。
8. The family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 inhabitants in South Dakota.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓结构，含同位语）
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + 地点状语（含同位语）
·语法要点：
1.谓语 lived 为不及物动词，后接介词短语 in Aberdeen 作地点状语。
2.a small town of 23,000 inhabitants in South Dakota 为同位语，补充说明 Aberdeen 的具体信息，由名词短语构成，of 23,000 inhabitants 为后置定语修饰 town。
3.inhabitant 为名词，表 “居民”。
·释义：这户人家住在南达科他州一个有 23000 居民的小镇阿伯丁。
9. As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.
·句子类型：复合句（原因状语从句 + 主句）
·核心结构：As 引导的原因状语从句 + 主句主语 + 系动词 + 表语
·语法要点：
1.As 引导原因状语从句，表 “由于、因为”，从句 the parents had five children 为一般过去时，与主句时态一致。
2.主句为系表结构，life 为主语，was 为系动词，a perpetual struggle against poverty 为表语。
3.perpetual 为形容词，表 “长期的、无休止的”；struggle against poverty 为固定搭配，表 “与贫困作斗争”。
·释义：由于这对夫妇已有五个孩子，生活长期在贫困中挣扎。
10. They were expecting their sixth child and were faced with even more pressing economic problems.
·句子类型：陈述句（并列谓语，主谓结构）
·核心结构：主语 + 并列谓语（过去进行时 + 一般过去时被动） + 宾语/宾语短语
·语法要点：
1.主语 They 后接两个并列谓语，由 and 连接：
§第一个谓语 were expecting 为过去进行时，表 “当时正期待着”；
§第二个谓语 were faced with 为一般过去时的被动形式，表 “面临着”。
2.形容词 pressing 修饰 economic problems，表 “紧迫的、迫切的”；even more 加强比较级程度。
3.be faced with 为固定搭配，表 “面临、面对”。
·释义：他们又怀上了第六个孩子，面临着更为严峻的经济问题。
11. If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed.
·句子类型：复合句（虚拟条件句，对过去的虚拟）
·核心结构：If 引导的非真实条件句（过去完成时） + 主句（would have done 结构）
·语法要点：
1.这是对过去情况的虚拟语气，条件句用过去完成时 had had，主句用 would have + 过去分词结构。
2.the fact 为主句主语，would have passed 为谓语，unnoticed 为形容词作主语补足语，补充说明 the fact 的状态，表 “未被注意的”。
3.pass unnoticed 为固定搭配，表 “不被注意地发生 / 过去”。
·释义：如果他们只是再多一个孩子，这件事根本不会引起任何人的注意。
12. They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity.
·句子类型：陈述句（虚拟语气主句，并列谓语）
·核心结构：主语 + 并列谓语（would have done 结构） + 宾语/状语
·语法要点：
1.本句为与上一句对应的虚拟语气主句的延续，使用 would have done 结构，表对过去情况的虚拟假设。
2.两个并列谓语 would have continued to struggle... 和 would have lived...由 and 连接，共用主语 They。
3.struggle against economic odds 表“与经济困境作斗争”，odds 此处表 “逆境、不利条件”；live in obscurity 表 “过默默无闻的生活”。
·释义：他们会继续在经济困境中挣扎，过着默默无闻的生活。
13. But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy, an event which radically changed their lives.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 同位语 + 定语从句）
·核心结构：转折连词 + 主句 + 同位语 + 定语从句修饰同位语
·语法要点：
1.But 为转折连词，连接上下文的虚拟假设与现实情况。
2.主句 they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets 为主系表结构，suddenly 为副词作状语。
3.four girls and a boy 为同位语，补充说明 quintuplets 的具体情况；an event which radically changed their lives 为另一个同位语，指代前文 “生下五胞胎” 这件事，其中 which 引导定语从句修饰 an event，which 在从句中作主语。
4.radically 为副词，表 “彻底地、根本地”。
·释义：但他们突然生下了五胞胎 —— 四女一男，这件事彻底改变了他们的生活。
14. The day after the birth of the five children, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓结构，含现在分词短语作伴随状语）
·核心结构：时间状语 + 主语 + 谓语 + 地点状语 + 现在分词短语作伴随状语
·语法要点：
1.The day after the birth of the five children 为时间状语，其中 after the birth of the five children 为后置定语修饰 The day。
2.主句 an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen 为主谓结构，in Aberdeen 为地点状语。
3.bringing sixty reporters and photographers 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，逻辑主语为主句主语 an aeroplane，二者为主动关系，表飞机到达时伴随的动作。
·释义：五胞胎出生的第二天，一架载着 60 名记者和摄影师的飞机降落在阿伯丁。
15. The rise to fame was swift.
·句子类型：陈述句（主系表结构）
·核心结构：主语（含后置定语） + 系动词 + 表语
·语法要点：
1.主语 The rise 后接介词短语 to fame 作后置定语，限定 rise 的内容，表 “成名”。
2.swift 为形容词作表语，表 “迅速的、快捷的”。
·释义：他们迅速声名鹊起。
16. Television cameras and newspapers carried the news to everyone in the country.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓宾结构）
·核心结构：并列主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语
·语法要点：
1.主语为并列名词短语 Television cameras and newspapers，由 and 连接。
2.谓语动词 carried 为及物动词，后接宾语 the news，to everyone in the country 为介词短语作状语，表动作的对象和范围。
3.carry the news to sb. 表“把消息传播给某人”。
·释义：电视镜头和报纸把这条消息传遍了全国。
17. Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓双宾结构）
·核心结构：并列主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 + 介词短语作目的状语
·语法要点：
1.主语为并列名词短语 Newspapers and magazines，由 and 连接。
2.谓语动词 offered 为双宾动词，结构为 offer sb. sth.，其中 the family 为间接宾语，huge sums 为直接宾语。
3.for the exclusive rights... 为介词短语作目的状语，表 “为了获得…… 的独家权利”；to publish stories and photographs 为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 rights。
4.exclusive rights 表 “独家权利”；huge sums 表 “巨额款项”。
·释义：报纸和杂志社向这家人支付巨额费用，以获得报道和照片的独家出版权。
18. Gifts poured in not only from unknown people, but from baby food and soap manufacturers who wished to advertise their products.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 定语从句，含 not only...but... 并列结构）
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + 并列介词短语作状语（含定语从句）
·语法要点：
1.谓语 poured in 为不及物动词短语，表 “涌入、纷至沓来”。
2.状语部分使用 not only...but... 并列结构，连接两个介词短语 from unknown people 和 from baby food and soap manufacturers...。
3.who wished to advertise their products 为定语从句，修饰先行词 manufacturers，who在从句中作主语，wish to do sth. 表 “希望做某事”。
·释义：礼物从四面八方涌来，不仅有陌生人送的，还有希望借此为产品打广告的婴儿食品和肥皂制造商送的。
19. The old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by a new $500,000 home.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 定语从句，被动语态）
·核心结构：主语（含定语从句） + 被动谓语（be to be done 结构） + 状语
·语法要点：
1.主语 The old farmhouse 后接定语从句 the family lived in，省略了关系代词 which/that（作介词 in 的宾语），完整形式为 the farmhouse which the family lived in。
2.谓语为 was to be replaced，是 be to do 结构的被动形式，表 “按计划将要被……”。
3.by a new $500,000 home 为介词短语作状语，引出动作的发出者，$500,000 为前置定语修饰 home。
4.be replaced by 为固定搭配，表 “被…… 取代 / 替换”。
·释义：他们住的旧农舍将被一栋价值 50 万美元的新房子取代。
20. Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + so 引导的结果状语从句）
·核心结构：主句主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + so 引导的结果状语从句（被动语态，含不定式短语作目的状语）
·语法要点：
1.主句中 kept pressing for interviews 为固定搭配，keep doing sth. 表 “持续做某事”，press for 表 “不断要求、催促”。
2.so 引导结果状语从句，表 “因此、所以”，从句中 lawyers had to be employed 为被动语态，表 “不得不被雇佣”。
3.to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences 为不定式短语作目的状语，修饰 employed，act as 表 “担任、充当”，at press conferences 为地点状语。
·释义：记者们不断要求采访，因此这家人不得不雇律师在新闻发布会上担任发言人。
21. While the five babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in a hospital nursery, their parents were paying the price for fame.
·句子类型：复合句（时间状语从句 + 主句，过去进行时）
·核心结构：While 引导的时间状语从句（过去进行时） + 主句（过去进行时）
·语法要点：
1.While 引导时间状语从句，表 “当…… 的时候”，从句与主句均使用过去进行时，强调两个动作同时发生。
2.从句中 quietly 为副词作方式状语，修饰 sleeping；in oxygen tents in a hospital nursery 为地点状语，in a hospital nursery 修饰 oxygen tents，表地点。
3.主句中 pay the price for fame 为固定搭配，表 “为出名付出代价”。
·释义：当五个婴儿还在医院育婴室的氧气帐里安睡时，他们的父母却已经在为出名付出代价。
22. It would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives.
·句子类型：陈述句（形式主语句）
·核心结构：形式主语 + 系动词 + 表语 + 介词短语 + 不定式短语（真正主语）
·语法要点：
1.It 为形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语 to lead normal lives，置于句末以避免头重脚轻。
2.结构为 It be possible for sb. to do sth.，表 “某人做某事是可能的”，副词 never again 作状语，修饰 possible，表 “再也不”。
3.lead normal lives 表 “过正常的生活”。
·释义：他们再也无法过正常的生活了。
23. They had become the victims of commercialization, for their names had acquired a market value.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + for 引导的原因状语从句）
·核心结构：主句（主系表结构） + for 引导的原因状语从句
·语法要点：
1.主句 They had become the victims of commercialization 为过去完成时的主系表结构，had become 为系动词，the victims of commercialization 为表语，commercialization 表 “商业化”。
2.for 为并列连词，引导原因状语从句，补充说明主句情况的原因，语气比 because 弱，多用于书面语。
3.acquire a market value 表“获得市场价值”。
·释义：他们成了商业化的受害者，因为他们的名字已经有了市场价值。
24. Instead of being five new family members, these children had immediately become a commodity.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓结构，含介词短语作状语）
·核心结构：介词短语作状语 + 主语 + 谓语 + 表语
·语法要点：
1.Instead of being five new family members 为介词短语作状语，instead of 表“而不是”，后接动名词短语 being five new family members。
2.主句 these children had immediately become a commodity 为过去完成时的主系表结构，immediately 为副词作状语，修饰 become。
3.commodity 为名词，表 “商品”，此处含贬义，表孩子被当作商品对待。
·释义：这五个孩子不再仅仅是家庭的新成员，他们立刻变成了商品。
词汇分析：
一、核心词汇
1. democratic /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/adj.民主的
- 词根：democracy n. 民主；democrat n. 民主人士
- 搭配：democratic countries 民主国家
- 拓展：democratic system 民主制度
2. restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/vt.限制，约束
- 派生：restriction n. 限制；restrictive adj. 限制性的
- 用法：restrict sth./restrict sb. to sth. 把某人限制在……
3. condemn /kənˈdem/vt.谴责；判罪
- 语气：正式书面语，强烈批判错误行为
- 搭配：condemn sth. 谴责某事；be condemned to death 被判死刑
4. abuse /əˈbjuːz/vt.滥用；虐待 /əˈbjuːs/n. 滥用
- 课文义：abuse freedom 滥用自由
- 拓展：abuse power 滥用职权；drug abuse 吸毒
5. attract /əˈtrækt/vt.吸引
- 派生：attraction n. 吸引力；attractive adj. 有吸引力的
- 固定：attract public attention 吸引公众关注
6. contention /kənˈtenʃn/n.论点，主张；争论
- 词根：contend v. 主张；争辩
- 课文搭配：act on the contention 秉持某种观点
7. sacred /ˈseɪkrɪd/adj.神圣的，庄严的
- 固定：sacred truth 神圣的真理；sacred duty 神圣职责
8. untold /ˌʌnˈtəʊld/adj.难以言表的；巨大的，无数的
- 课文：untold suffering 巨大的痛苦
- 拓展：untold wealth 巨额财富
9. exert /ɪɡˈzɜːt/vt.施加；发挥（影响、力量）
- 必考：exert influence on… 对…… 施加影响
10. tremendous /trəˈmendəs/adj.巨大的，极大的
- 替换词：enormous /immense/vast
- 搭配：tremendous influence 巨大影响力
11. illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/vt.说明；阐明；以实例证明
- 派生：illustration n. 例证，插图
- 课文：illustrate the power of… 阐明…… 的威力
12. inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/n.居民，住户
- 词根：inhabit vt. 居住于；habitat n. 栖息地
13. perpetual /pəˈpetʃuəl/adj.无休止的；长久的
- 课文：perpetual struggle 无休止的挣扎
- 替换：endless /constant
14. pressing /ˈpresɪŋ/adj.紧迫的，迫切的
- 搭配：pressing problems 燃眉之急；pressing need 迫切需求
15. quintuplet /ˈkwɪntjəplət/n.五胞胎之一；复数 quintuplets 五胞胎
16. swift /swɪft/adj.迅速的，飞快的
- 课文：the rise to fame was swift 迅速成名
- 替换：rapid /instant
17. exclusive /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/adj.独家的；专用的
- 高频：exclusive rights 独家版权 / 独家报道权
18. manufacturer /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərə/n. 制造商，工厂
19. replace /rɪˈpleɪs/vt.取代，替换
- 固定：replace A with B 用 B 取代 A；be replaced by 被…… 取代
20. interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/n./v.采访；面试
- 搭配：press interview 媒体采访；press for interviews 一再要求采访
21. commercialization /kəˌmɜːʃəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n. 商业化
- 派生：commercial adj. 商业的；commercialise v. 商业化
22. commodity /kəˈmɒdəti/n.商品；货品
- 辨析：goods 普通商品；commodity 侧重可交易、有市场价值的货品
二、高级固定搭配
- the freedom of the press新闻自由
- attract public attention吸引公众关注
- act on the contention that…秉持…… 的观点 / 主张
- cause untold suffering to individuals给个人造成巨大痛苦
- exert tremendous influence施加巨大影响
- bring about major changes to…给…… 带来重大改变
- acquire fame and fortune overnight一夜成名、一夜暴富
- a perpetual struggle against poverty无休止的脱贫挣扎
- be faced with pressing problems面临紧迫难题
- pass unnoticed不被人注意、悄然过去
- struggle against economic odds在经济逆境中苦苦支撑
- live in obscurity默默无闻地生活
- the rise to fame成名之路；声名鹊起
- exclusive rights to do sth.做某事的独家权利
- pour in纷至沓来；大量涌入（礼物、信息、资金）
- press for interviews执意要求采访
- act as spokesmen担任发言人
- pay the price for fame为成名付出代价
- lead normal lives过正常生活
- a victim of commercialization商业化的牺牲品
- acquire a market value具备市场价值
三、拓展高频搭配
1. 与 restrict 搭配
- restrict the spread of… 限制…… 的蔓延
- restrict one’s freedom of speech 限制言论自由
2. 与 condemn 搭配
- condemn violent behaviour 谴责暴力行为
- strongly condemn 强烈谴责
3. 与 exert 拓展
- exert pressure on sb. 给某人施压
- exert one’s efforts 竭尽全力
4. 与 illustrate 写作万能
- illustrate one’s point of view 阐明观点
- fully illustrate the importance of… 充分说明…… 的重要性
5. 与 commercialization 拓展
- excessive commercialization 过度商业化
- avoid over-commercialization 避免过度商业化
6. 与 exclusive 拓展
- exclusive interview 独家专访
- exclusive access 专属权限
7. 与 tremendous 万能修饰
- tremendous progress 巨大进步
- tremendous pressure 巨大压力
- tremendous potential 巨大潜力
8. 倒装 / 高级句型配套搭配
- It is extremely doubtful whether… 很难说是否……（课文原句句型，写作万能）
- Such…that… 如此…… 以至于……
- Not only…but even… 不仅…… 甚至……
长难句分析：
长难句 1
Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves.
语法结构拆解
- 前半句：Though 引导让步状语从句
从句主谓宾：we（主）+ may enjoy（谓）+ reading…（动名词作宾语）
- 后半句：形式主语 It 句型
It = 形式主语
whether 引导主语从句，作真正主语
主干：It is doubtful whether…
语法考点 & 注意要点
- enjoy 后必接动名词 doing，不能接 to do；
- It is doubtful whether…是写作万能高级句型：很难说是否……
- Though 从句不能与 but 连用，中文虽然…… 但是……，英文二选一；
- 主语从句后置，用 it 作形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻，是高分句式。
释义
虽然我们都喜欢了解别人的生活，但很难说我们是否同样愿意让别人了解自己。
长难句 2
Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.
语法结构拆解
- 句首：现在分词短语作原因状语
Acting on the contention… 逻辑主语 = 主句主语 reporters（主动关系）
- that facts are sacred：同位语从句，解释 contention 的具体内容
- 主句：reporters（主）+ can cause（谓）+ untold suffering（宾）
- by publishing…：by + 动名词作方式状语
语法考点 & 注意要点
- 现在分词放句首作状语，逻辑主语必须和主句主语一致；
- 同位语从句 that 只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，不能用 which 替换；
- cause suffering to sb. 固定搭配：给某人带来痛苦；
- by + doing 表 “通过某种方式做某事”，写作高频用法。
释义
记者们秉持 “事实神圣” 的观点，通过曝光他人私生活细节，给当事人带来了巨大的痛苦。
长难句 3
Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.
语法结构拆解
- 主句：Newspapers exert such tremendous influence
- such…that… 引导结果状语从句：如此…… 以至于……
- 从句内部：not only…but (also)… 并列递进结构
连接两个谓语：bring about changes /overthrow a government
语法考点 & 注意要点
- such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that 句型，区分 so…that…；
- not only…but also… 并列结构前后句式、词性要对称；
- not only 置于句首才需要倒装，本句在句中，不用倒装；
- exert influence on /bring about changes 都是写作高级固定搭配。
释义
报纸拥有巨大的影响力，不仅能极大改变普通人的生活，甚至能够推翻一个政府。
长难句 4
The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press.
语法结构拆解
- 主干：The story illustrates the power of the press.
- of a poor family：介词短语作后置定语修饰 story
- that acquired fame and fortune overnight：定语从句，先行词 a poor family，that 在从句中作主语
语法考点 & 注意要点
- 定语从句先行词是人 / 家庭，关系代词用 that/who；
- 句子中间逗号隔开的副词 dramatically 作插入状语，不影响主干；
- 长句先找主谓宾主干，再剥离后置定语、定语从句，是读长难句核心方法。
释义
一个贫苦家庭一夜之间名利双收的故事，生动诠释了新闻媒体的强大力量。
长难句 5
If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed.
语法结构拆解
虚拟语气：对过去情况的虚拟
- If 从句：had + 过去分词（had had）
- 主句：would have + 过去分词（would have passed）
- unnoticed：形容词作主语补足语，修饰 the fact
语法考点 & 注意要点
- 对过去虚拟公式：If + 过去完成时，主句 would have done；
- had had 是 have 的过去完成时，第一个 had 助动词，第二个 had 实义动词 “有”；
- 形容词作补足语：pass unnoticed 悄然过去、不被注意；
- 虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反：实际他们不止多生了一个孩子。
释义
倘若他们只是再多生一个孩子，这件事原本会悄无声息地被人淡忘。
长难句 6
But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy, an event which radically changed their lives.
语法结构拆解
- 主句：they became the parents of quintuplets
- four girls and a boy：同位语，解释 quintuplets
- an event：抽象同位语，指代前面整件事
- which radically changed their lives：定语从句修饰 an event
语法考点 & 注意要点
- 双同位语结构：先解释名词，再解释整件事，是地道高级句式；
- 定语从句修饰抽象名词 event，关系代词 which 作主语；
- 长句中多个逗号分隔成分，先抓主句主系表，再看同位语和从句。
释义
但他们一下子成了五胞胎的父母 —— 四女一男，这件事彻底改变了他们的人生。
长难句 7
The old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by a new $500,000 home.
语法结构拆解
- 主干：The old farmhouse was to be replaced by a new home.
- the family lived in：省略关系代词的定语从句
完整：the farmhouse (which/that) the family lived in
- was to be replaced：be to do 表计划、将要 + 被动语态
语法考点 & 注意要点
- 定语从句中关系代词作宾语时可省略，是高频考点；
- 从句末尾的介词 in 不能丢：live in the farmhouse；
- be to be done 表 “按计划将要被……”，属于将来时的一种高级表达。
释义
他们原先居住的旧农舍，将被一栋价值 50 万美元的新居所取代。
长难句 8
While the five babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in a hospital nursery, their parents were paying the price for fame.
语法结构拆解
- While 引导时间状语从句，主从句都用过去进行时；
- 从句：babies were sleeping（过去进行时）
- 主句：parents were paying the price（过去进行时）
语法考点 & 注意要点
- While 引导时间从句，强调两个动作同时进行；
- 过去进行时侧重过去某一时间正在发生的动作；
- 地点状语层层嵌套：in oxygen tents /in a hospital nursery，阅读要会逐层拆分。
释义
当五个婴儿还在医院育婴室的氧气帐中安睡时，他们的父母却在为成名付出代价。
句型分析：
句式 1
课文原句
In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned.
句型框架
In + 领域 / 社会层面 + any efforts to + 限制 / 改变某事物 + are rightly condemned.
套用替换规则
- democratic countries → 可替换：modern society /school/the internet /daily life
- restrict the freedom of the press → 替换：undermine social order /violate public rules /damage the environment /ignore moral standards
- are rightly condemned 固定不动，表 “理应受到谴责”
仿写示例
In modern society any efforts to damage the environment are rightly condemned.
示例翻译
在现代社会，任何破坏环境的行为都理应受到谴责。
句式 2
课文原句
It is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves.
句型框架
It is extremely doubtful whether + 完整陈述句.
套用替换规则
整句是万能评价句型，用来表达 “很难说是否……”
只替换 whether 后面的半句陈述句即可。
仿写示例
It is extremely doubtful whether online learning can completely replace traditional classes.
示例翻译
很难说线上学习是否能够完全取代传统课堂。
句式 3
课文原句
Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to people’s lives but can even overthrow a government.
句型框架
A exert such tremendous influence that they can not only + 正面影响 1 + but can even + 更深层次影响 2.
套用替换规则
- Newspapers → 替换：Social media / Technology / Education / Tourism
- bring about major changes to people’s lives → 替换：improve people’s living standards /broaden people’s horizons
- overthrow a government → 替换：change social values /reshape people’s lifestyle
仿写示例
Social media exert such tremendous influence that they can not only broaden people’s horizons but can even reshape people’s lifestyle.
示例翻译
社交媒体有着巨大的影响力，它不仅能开阔人们的眼界，甚至还能重塑人们的生活方式。
句式 4
课文原句
The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight dramatically illustrates the power of the press.
句型框架
The story of + 人物 / 群体 + that + 某种经历 + dramatically illustrates the importance /power/impact of + 主题名词.
套用替换规则
- a poor family → 替换：a young man /ordinary people /college students
- acquired fame and fortune overnight → 替换：achieved success through hard work /realized their dreams
- the power of the press → 替换：the importance of persistence /the value of honesty /the power of perseverance
仿写示例
The story of a young man that achieved success through hard work dramatically illustrates the importance of persistence.
示例翻译
一位年轻人通过努力获得成功的故事，有力说明了坚持的重要性。
句式 5
课文原句
If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed.
句型框架
If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，sth. would have passed unnoticed.
套用替换规则
对过去虚拟语气万能句
表达：要是当初……，这件事本就会悄然过去、不被人关注。
只替换从句动作即可。
仿写示例
If we had paid more attention to small details, the problem would have passed unnoticed.
示例翻译
倘若我们当初更注重细节，这个问题本就会悄然不了了之。
