新概念英语第二册Lesson28 学习笔记
核心词汇+词根
核心词汇均来自本课原文,结合词根词缀帮助理解记忆,补充常用搭配、例句及课文原句,贴合语境,便于掌握和运用,同时区分易混词,适配Lesson28课文场景(侧重“公园、自然景物、休闲活动、方位描述”相关)。
- park (n. / v.) 公园(n.);停放(车辆等)(v.)(本课侧重“公园”及公园相关场景)
词根:park(本身为词根,表“公园、停放”),源自古法语parc(围栏、公园)
搭配:a beautiful park 美丽的公园;in the park 在公园里;go to the park 去公园;park a car 停车
课文原句:There is a big park near my home and I often go there on weekends.
词根:tree(本身为词根,表“树”),源自古英语treo(树、树木)
搭配:a tall tree 高大的树;green trees 绿树;plant a tree 种树;under the tree 在树下
课文原句:There are many tall trees in the park and they are very green.
- flower (n. / v.) 花,花朵(n.);开花(v.)
词根:flower(本身为词根,表“花、开花”),源自拉丁语flos(花)
搭配:beautiful flowers 美丽的花;red flowers 红花;pick flowers 摘花;flower bed 花坛
课文原句:The flowers in the park are very beautiful and many people like them.
词根:grass(本身为词根,表“草、草地”),源自古英语græs(草)
搭配:green grass 青草;on the grass 在草地上;cut the grass 割草;a piece of grass 一片草叶
课文原句:Children often play on the grass in the park on weekends.
- play (v. / n.) 玩,玩耍(v.);游戏,玩耍(n.)(本课侧重公园休闲玩耍场景)
词根:play(本身为词根,表“玩、玩耍”),源自古英语plegan(玩耍、演奏)
搭配:play on the grass 在草地上玩;play games 玩游戏;play with friends 和朋友玩;go to play 去玩
课文原句:They play games on the grass every Saturday afternoon.
- near (prep. / adj. / adv.) 在……附近(prep.);近的(adj.);近地(adv.)(回顾旧词,侧重公园方位描述)
词根:near(本身为词根,表“近的、附近”)
搭配:near the park 在公园附近;not far from near 离……不远;come near 走近;nearby 附近的
课文原句:My home is near the park, so I can walk there easily.
核心语法
本课核心语法为 一般现在时的第三人称单数(强化)及there be句型的复数形式(综合运用),结合课文中“公园景物、休闲活动”的日常场景,重点讲解一般现在时三单的特殊变化、there be句型复数形式的句式转换,衔接前期时态和there be句型知识,提升公园场景的表达准确性。
- 核心含义:继续强化一般现在时三单用法,侧重描述“第三人称在公园的习惯性休闲动作”(如经常去公园、在公园玩游戏),补充前期未涉及的三单特殊变化。
- 直接加-s(如play→plays、park→parks、pick→picks);
- 以s、x、ch、sh、o结尾加-es(本课补充:go→goes,如He goes to the park every day.);
- 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾,变y为i加-es(回顾:tidy→tidies,本课补充:fly→flies,贴合公园场景);
- 不规则变化(重点强化:have→has、do→does,本课高频使用)。
- 本课例句:He goes to the park every weekend.(他每个周末都去公园。—— go→goes);She picks flowers in the park.(她在公园里摘花。—— pick→picks);He has a good time in the park.(他在公园里玩得很开心。—— have→has)
- 核心含义:表示“某地有多个事物”(如公园里有很多树、很多花),侧重公园景物的复数描述,掌握复数形式的句式转换,区别于单数形式。
- 肯定句:There are + 复数名词 + 地点状语(be动词用are,名词用复数)
例:There are many trees in the park.(公园里有很多树。—— 本课核心场景)
- 否定句:There are not(aren’t) + 复数名词 + 地点状语
例:There aren’t any flowers in the small park.(这个小公园里没有花。)
- 一般疑问句:Are + there + 复数名词 + 地点状语?(回答:Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.)
例:Are there any trees in the park?(公园里有树吗?) 回答:Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
- 易错提醒:there be句型的就近原则(回顾),复数名词靠近be动词时,be动词用are,不可用is(如There are two trees and a flower. 不可说There is...)。
- 易混点:there be与have/has的区别(强化)
结合本课场景,再次强化两者区别:
① there be:表示“某地存在某物”,侧重“存在”,主语是“某物”,地点状语在前(如There are many flowers in the park. 公园里有很多花。);
② have/has:表示“某人拥有某物”,侧重“所属”,主语是“某人”,无地点状语(如He has a dog. 他有一只狗。);
例:There are many trees in the park.(存在);She has a red flower.(所属)。
核心句型
核心句型均来自本课原文,标注句型结构、用法及含义,补充仿写例句,结合一般现在时三单和there be句型复数形式,帮助灵活运用,贴合课文“公园景物、休闲活动、方位描述”场景。
- 句型1:There are + 复数名词 + in/on + 地点状语.(表示“某地有多个事物”,there be句型复数形式)
课文原句:There are many tall trees in the park.(公园里有很多高大的树。)
仿写:There are many beautiful flowers in the park.(公园里有很多美丽的花。)
- 句型2:主语(三单) + 动词三单形式 + 宾语 + in the park + 时间状语.(表示“第三人称经常在公园做某事”,一般现在时三单)
课文原句:He goes to the park every weekend and plays on the grass.(他每个周末去公园,在草地上玩。)
仿写:She picks flowers in the park every afternoon.(她每天下午在公园里摘花。)
- 句型3:Are there + 复数名词 + in/on + 地点状语?(一般疑问句)(询问“某地有多个事物吗?”)
课文原句:Are there any flowers in the park?(公园里有花吗?)
仿写:Are there any children on the grass?(草地上有孩子吗?)
- 句型4:主语 + don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形 + 宾语 + in the park + 其他.(表示“某人不在公园做某事”,一般现在时否定式)
课文原句:He doesn’t pick flowers in the park because it’s not polite.(他不在公园里摘花,因为这不礼貌。)
仿写:She doesn’t play on the grass because it’s wet.(她不在草地上玩,因为草地是湿的。)
- 句型5:主语 + be + near + 地点状语, so + 主语 + 动词原形/三单 + 其他.(表示“某地离某地近,所以某人做某事”,方位描述)
课文原句:My home is near the park, so I walk there every day.(我家离公园很近,所以我每天步行去那里。)
仿写:Her school is near the park, so she goes there after school.(她的学校离公园很近,所以她放学后去那里。)
重点知识
涵盖课文难点、固定搭配、易错点及语境解析,聚焦一般现在时三单强化和there be句型复数形式,帮助全面掌握本课重点,规避常见错误,贴合Lesson28学习需求。
- a beautiful/big park 美丽/大的公园;in the park 在公园里;go to the park 去公园;park a car 停车
- a tall/green tree 高大/绿色的树;plant a tree 种树;under the tree 在树下;many trees 很多树
- beautiful/red flowers 美丽/红色的花;pick flowers 摘花;flower bed 花坛;many flowers 很多花
- green grass 青草;on the grass 在草地上;cut the grass 割草;play on the grass 在草地上玩
- play games 玩游戏;play with friends 和朋友玩;go to play 去玩;have a good time 玩得开心
- near the park 在公园附近;not far from the park 离公园不远;walk to the park 步行去公园
- 一般现在时三单的特殊变化:重点掌握go→goes、do→does、have→has的不规则变化,以及fly→flies(以辅音+y结尾)的变化,结合本课公园场景,避免拼写错误。
- there be句型复数形式的句式转换:牢记“are + 复数名词”的核心结构,否定句在are后加not(aren’t),一般疑问句将are提前,回答需用there are/aren’t,不可用they替代。
- there be句型的就近原则(强化):当and连接多个名词时,be动词单复数由靠近be动词的名词决定(如There are two flowers and a tree. 靠近are的是复数名词,用are)。
- pick flowers的语境注意:pick flowers 表示“摘花”,结合课文场景,补充“摘花不礼貌”的语境,提醒使用时注意语气和场景适配。
- 一般现在时三单特殊变化错误:go→goes、do→does、have→has的不规则变化记错(错误:He go to the park. 正确:He goes to the park.;错误:She do not pick flowers. 正确:She does not pick flowers.)。
- there be句型复数形式错误:be动词误用is,或名词未用复数(错误:There is many trees in the park. 正确:There are many trees in the park.;错误:There are a flower in the park. 正确:There is a flower in the park.)。
- there be与have/has混淆:描述公园存在景物用there be,误用have/has(错误:The park has many flowers. 正确:There are many flowers in the park.;错误:There has a tree in the park. 正确:There is a tree in the park.)。
- 一般疑问句回答错误:there be句型复数一般疑问句,回答用there are/aren’t,不可用they替代(错误:Are there any trees? Yes, they are. 正确:Yes, there are.;错误:Are there any flowers? No, they aren’t. 正确:No, there aren’t.)。
5道例题+答案
例题围绕本课核心语法(一般现在时三单强化、there be句型复数形式)、核心词汇和句型设计,贴合课文难度,侧重基础巩固和易错点考查,帮助检验学习效果,适配Lesson28知识点。
例题1(词汇+一般现在时三单特殊变化)
He ______ (go) to the park every weekend with his friends.(用go的适当形式填空)
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
答案:B
解析:由every weekend可知,句子表习惯性动作,用一般现在时,主语he是第三人称单数,go的三单特殊变化为goes,故选B。
例题2(语法:there be句型复数形式)
______ there ______ (be) many flowers in the park?(用be的适当形式填空,构成一般疑问句)
答案:Are; any
解析:句子为there be句型复数形式的一般疑问句,复数名词many flowers作主语,be动词用are,句首首字母大写;一般疑问句中,many改为any,故填Are; any。
例题3(句型仿写)
根据例句仿写句子:
例句:He goes to the park every weekend and plays on the grass.(他每个周末去公园,在草地上玩。)
仿写:She ______ (go) to the park every afternoon and ______ (pick) flowers.(她每天下午去公园,摘花。)
答案:goes; picks
解析:结合例句结构,主语she是三单,go用三单形式goes,pick用三单形式picks,贴合一般现在时三单用法,故填goes; picks。
例题4(易错点:三单、there be句型、易混词)
下列句子中,语法正确且符合语境的是( )
A. He do not go to the park on weekdays. B. There is many trees in the park. C. Are there any children on the grass? Yes, there are. D. The park has many flowers.
答案:C
解析:A错误,主语he是三单,否定式用doesn’t,do改为does,应改为He doesn’t go to the park on weekdays.;B错误,many trees是复数,be动词用are,应改为There are many trees in the park.;C正确,there be句型复数一般疑问句及回答正确,符合语法;D错误,描述公园存在景物用there be,应改为There are many flowers in the park.。
例题5(综合运用)
用括号内动词/名词的适当形式填空,使句子完整通顺。
- She ______ (go) to the park every day and ______ (play) games on the grass.(一般现在时三单)
- — ______ (be) there any ______ (tree) in the small park?(there be句型复数疑问句)
— No, there ______ (not be). There are some flowers.
- He ______ (not pick) flowers in the park because it’s not polite.(一般现在时否定式)
- There ______ (be) many beautiful ______ (flower) in the park and children like them.(there be句型复数)
答案:1. goes; plays;2. Are; trees; aren’t;3. doesn’t pick;4. are; flowers
解析:1. 主语she是三单,go用goes,play用plays;2. there be句型复数疑问句,be用Are,tree用复数trees,否定回答用aren’t;3. 主语he是三单,否定式用doesn’t + 动词原形pick;4. many后接flower的复数flowers,be动词用are,符合there be句型复数用法。