新概念英语第二册Lesson23 学习笔记
核心词汇+词根
核心词汇均来自本课原文,结合词根词缀帮助理解记忆,补充常用搭配、例句及课文原句,贴合语境,便于掌握和运用,同时区分易混词,适配Lesson23课文场景(侧重“房间、家具、位置、物品摆放”相关)。
词根:room(本身为词根,表“房间、空间”),源自古英语rum(空间、房间)
搭配:a big room 一个大房间;living room 客厅;bedroom 卧室;room for sth. 某物的空间
课文原句:There is a beautiful room on the second floor and it has a big window.
- furniture (n.) 家具(集合名词,不可数)
词根:furn(=furnish,布置、装备),后缀-iture(名词后缀,表集合),合起来即“布置房间的物品”→ 家具
搭配:a piece of furniture 一件家具;many pieces of furniture 多件家具;put furniture 摆放家具
课文原句:The room is full of new furniture and looks very comfortable.
- near (prep. / adj. / adv.) 在……附近(prep.);近的(adj.);附近(adv.)
词根:near(本身为词根,表“近的、靠近”)
搭配:near the window 在窗户附近;be near to 离……近;come near 走近;nearby 附近的
课文原句:There is a desk near the window and a chair next to it.
词根:wind(n. 风)+ ow(名词后缀),合起来即“透风的地方”→ 窗户
搭配:open the window 开窗;close the window 关窗;a big window 一扇大窗户;look out of the window 向窗外看
课文原句:She sat near the window and looked out at the garden.
词根:door(本身为词根,表“门”),源自古英语duru(门)
搭配:open the door 开门;close the door 关门;next to the door 在门旁边;knock at the door 敲门
课文原句:There is a small table next to the door and a lamp on it.
- picture (n. / v.) 图画,照片(n.);画,描绘(v.)
词根:pict(=paint,绘画),后缀-ure(名词后缀),合起来即“绘画出来的东西”→ 图画
搭配:a beautiful picture 一幅漂亮的画;on the wall 挂在墙上;draw a picture 画画;take a picture 拍照
课文原句:There are some beautiful pictures on the wall of the room.
核心语法
本课核心语法为 there be句型的综合运用(肯定、否定、一般疑问句及就近原则),结合课文中“描述房间内物品、家具的存在及位置”的场景,重点讲解there be句型的含义、结构、句式转换,以及就近原则的用法,衔接前期语法知识,提升物品存在与位置的描述能力。
表示“某地有某物/某人”,强调“存在”,区别于“拥有”(have/has),核心是“某地存在某物”,是本课描述房间物品的核心语法。
- 肯定句:There + be (is/are) + 名词 + 地点状语
例:There is a desk in the room.(房间里有一张桌子。—— 本课核心场景)
- 否定句:There + be (is/are) + not + 名词 + 地点状语(is not → isn’t;are not → aren’t)
例:There isn’t a chair near the window.(窗户附近没有椅子。)
- 一般疑问句:Be (Is/Are) + there + 名词 + 地点状语?(回答:Yes, there is/are. / No, there isn’t/aren’t.)
例:Is there a window in the room?(房间里有窗户吗?) 回答:Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
当there be句型中出现“and连接两个或多个名词”时,be动词的单复数由靠近be动词的名词决定(即“就近原则”),这是本课的重点难点。
例1:There is a desk and two chairs in the room.(靠近be动词的是a desk,单数,故用is)
例2:There are two chairs and a desk in the room.(靠近be动词的是two chairs,复数,故用are)
两者均表“有”,核心区别:
① there be:表“某地存在某物/某人”,强调“存在”,主语是“某物/某人”,地点在前;
② have/has:表“某人/某物拥有某物”,强调“所属关系”,主语是“拥有者”;
例:there be(存在):There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。)
例:have(拥有):I have a book.(我有一本书。)
核心句型
核心句型均来自本课原文,标注句型结构、用法及含义,补充仿写例句,结合there be句型的综合运用,帮助灵活运用,贴合课文“房间物品描述、位置说明”场景。
- 句型1:There + be (is/are) + 名词 + near/next to/on + 地点.(表示“某地附近/旁边/上面有某物”,描述位置)
课文原句:There is a desk near the window.(窗户附近有一张桌子。)
仿写:There are two chairs next to the desk.(桌子旁边有两把椅子。)
- 句型2:There + be (is/are) + not + 名词 + 地点状语.(表示“某地没有某物”,否定式)
课文原句:There isn’t a lamp near the door.(门附近没有一盏灯。)
仿写:There aren’t any pictures on the wall.(墙上没有任何图画。)
- 句型3:Be (Is/Are) + there + 名词 + 地点状语?(一般疑问句)(表示“某地有某物吗?”,询问存在)
课文原句:Is there a window in the room?(房间里有窗户吗?)
仿写:Are there any pieces of furniture in the room?(房间里有家具吗?)
- 句型4:There + be (is/are) + 名词 + and + 名词 + 地点状语.(表示“某地有某物和某物”,就近原则)
课文原句:There is a desk and a chair in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和一把椅子。)
仿写:There are some pictures and a clock on the wall.(墙上有一些图画和一个时钟。)
- 句型5:主语 + put + 名词 + 地点状语.(表示“某人把某物放在某地”,结合物品摆放)
课文原句:She put the lamp on the table near the door.(她把灯放在了门附近的桌子上。)
仿写:He put the picture on the wall next to the window.(他把图画挂在了窗户旁边的墙上。)
重点知识
涵盖课文难点、固定搭配、易错点及语境解析,聚焦there be句型的综合运用(含就近原则),帮助全面掌握本课重点,规避常见错误,贴合Lesson23学习需求。
- a big room 大房间;living room 客厅;bedroom 卧室;room for sth. 某物的空间
- a piece of furniture 一件家具;many pieces of furniture 多件家具;put furniture 摆放家具
- near the window/door 在窗户/门附近;be near to 离……近;next to 紧挨着
- open/close the window/door 开/关窗户/门;look out of the window 向窗外看
- a beautiful picture 漂亮的图画;on the wall 在墙上;draw a picture 画画
- put sth. on the table/wall 把某物放在桌子/墙上;knock at the door 敲门
- there be句型的就近原则:这是本课核心难点,当and连接两个及以上名词时,be动词单复数由“靠近be动词的名词”决定,不可根据名词总数判断(如There is a book and two pens. 不可说There are...)。
- furniture的用法:furniture是集合名词,不可数,不可直接用many、a/an修饰(错误:a furniture 正确:a piece of furniture;错误:many furnitures 正确:many pieces of furniture)。
- there be与have/has的区别:重点区分“存在”与“所属”—— 描述“某地有某物”用there be,描述“某人拥有某物”用have/has,不可混淆(错误:The room has a window. 正确:There is a window in the room.)。
- 地点介词的用法:near(在……附近)、next to(紧挨着)、on(在……上面)、in(在……里面),结合房间场景,准确描述物品位置(如near the window 在窗户附近,on the wall 在墙上)。
- there be句型的就近原则错误:忽略就近原则,根据名词总数判断be动词单复数(错误:There are a desk and two chairs. 正确:There is a desk and two chairs.;错误:There is two chairs and a desk. 正确:There are two chairs and a desk.)。
- furniture的可数性错误:furniture不可数,需用a piece of/many pieces of修饰(错误:a furniture 正确:a piece of furniture;错误:three furnitures 正确:three pieces of furniture)。
- there be与have/has的混淆:描述“某地存在某物”用there be,不可用have/has(错误:The room has a desk. 正确:There is a desk in the room.;错误:There has a book on the table. 正确:There is a book on the table.)。
- 一般疑问句回答错误:there be句型的一般疑问句,回答需用there,不可用主语替代(错误:Is there a window? Yes, it is. 正确:Yes, there is.;错误:Are there any chairs? No, they aren’t. 正确:No, there aren’t.)。
5道例题+答案
例题围绕本课核心语法(there be句型及就近原则)、核心词汇和句型设计,贴合课文难度,侧重基础巩固和易错点考查,帮助检验学习效果,适配Lesson23知识点。
例题1(词汇+搭配)
There is a ______ of furniture in the room.(用piece的适当形式填空)
A. piece B. pieces C. piecees D. pieceing
答案:A
解析:furniture是不可数名词,需用a piece of修饰,a后接单数形式piece,a piece of furniture 表示“一件家具”,故选A。
例题2(语法:there be句型及就近原则)
There ______ a desk and two chairs near the window.(用be的适当形式填空)
答案:is
解析:结合就近原则,and连接两个名词,靠近be动词的是a desk(单数),故be动词用is,符合there be句型就近原则的用法。
例题3(句型仿写)
根据例句仿写句子:
例句:There is a desk near the window.(窗户附近有一张桌子。)
仿写:There ______ (be) two chairs ______ (next to) the desk.(桌子旁边有两把椅子。)
答案:are; next to
解析:结合例句结构,“There + be + 名词 + 地点介词短语”,two chairs是复数,be动词用are;next to 表示“紧挨着”,符合语境,故填are; next to。
例题4(易错点:就近原则、furniture用法)
下列句子中,语法正确且符合语境的是( )
A. There are a book and a pen on the desk. B. There is many pieces of furniture in the room. C. Is there a window in the room? Yes, there is. D. The room has a big window.
答案:C
解析:A错误,就近原则,靠近be动词的a book是单数,用is,应改为There is a book and a pen on the desk.;B错误,many后接复数,piece用pieces,应改为There are many pieces of furniture in the room.;C正确,there be一般疑问句及回答正确,符合语法;D错误,描述某地有某物用there be,应改为There is a big window in the room.。
例题5(综合运用)
用括号内动词/名词的适当形式填空,使句子完整通顺。
- There ______ (be) a picture and a clock on the wall.(就近原则)
- There ______ (not be) any furniture in the small room.(否定式)
- — ______ there ______ (be) a desk near the door?(一般疑问句)
— No, there ______ (not be).
- There are three ______ (piece) of furniture in the living room.(furniture搭配)
答案:1. is;2. isn’t;3. Is; a; isn’t;4. pieces
解析:1. 就近原则,靠近be动词的a picture是单数,用is;2. furniture不可数,be动词用is,否定式为isn’t;3. 一般疑问句将Is提前,后接a desk,否定回答用isn’t;4. three后接复数,piece的复数是pieces,three pieces of furniture 表示“三件家具”。