Lesson 50 New year resolutions
课文原文：
The New Year is a time for resolutions.
新年是下决心的时候。
Mentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of 'dos' and 'don'ts'.
至少在思想上，我们大多数人都能列出一长串 “做什么” 和“不做什么” 的清单。
The same old favourites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity.
每年都重复着那些同样的老套内容，千篇一律，毫无新意。
We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we don't like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day.
我们决心每天早起、少吃、多花时间陪孩子玩、做无数家务、对不喜欢的人和气、小心驾驶，还有每天遛狗。
Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.
过去的经验告诉我们，有些目标是根本达不到的。
If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure.
我们之所以还是老烟枪，就是因为我们屡屡尝到失败带来的挫败感。
Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out.
我们大多数人自我提升的努力都失败了，因为计划太不切实际，而且我们从来没有时间去执行。
We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways.
我们还犯了一个根本性的错误：把决心告诉所有人，这样当我们重蹈覆辙时，看起来就更傻了。
Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself.
意识到这些陷阱，今年我打算把决心藏在心里，不告诉别人。
I limited myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercises every morning and to read more of an evening.
我只给自己定了两个小小的目标：每天早上锻炼身体，晚上多读书。
An all-night party on New Year's Eve provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the first day of the year, but on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task.
新年前夜的通宵派对给了我一个完美的借口，让我在新年第一天就不用执行任何一个决心，但第二天，我还是努力地开始了任务。
The daily exercises lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up.
每天的锻炼只持续 11 分钟，我打算在大家起床前的早上进行。
The self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable.
要比平时早起 11 分钟，需要很强的自律。
Nevertheless, I managed to creep down into the living room for two days before anyone found me out.
尽管如此，我还是偷偷溜到客厅坚持了两天，没被任何人发现。
After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable positions, I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition.
在地毯上跳来跳去，把身体扭成各种不舒服的姿势之后，我精疲力竭地坐在早餐桌前。
It was this that betrayed me.
正是这个举动暴露了我。
The next morning the whole family trooped in to watch the performance.
第二天早上，全家人都涌进来 “围观我的表演”。
That was really unsettling, but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good-humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea.
这让我很不自在，但我还是幽默地挡住了家人的嘲笑和挖苦，很快大家也就习惯了。
However, my enthusiasm waned.
然而，我的热情减退了。
The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished.
我花在锻炼上的时间越来越少。
Little by little the eleven minutes fell to zero.
11 分钟的锻炼时间一点点缩短，最后变成了零。
By January 10th, I was back to where I had started from.
到 1 月10 号，我又回到了原点。
I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning, I would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home from work.
我辩解说，如果早上少花点时间把自己累得筋疲力尽，下班后回家看书时头脑会更清醒。
Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book.
我抵制住了电视的催眠效果，有好几个晚上都坐在房间里，眼睛死死盯着书本。
One night, however, feeling cold and lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front of the television pretending to read.
然而，有一天晚上，我又冷又孤单，于是下楼坐在电视机前，假装在看书。
That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.
这一下可就前功尽弃了，因为我很快又恢复了在电视机前打瞌睡的老毛病。
I still haven't given up my resolution to do more reading.
我还没有放弃多读书的决心。
In fact, I have just bought a book entitled How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute.
事实上，我刚买了一本名叫《如何一分钟读一千字》的书。
Perhaps it will solve my problem, but I just haven't had time to read it!
也许它能解决我的问题，可我就是没时间读它！
课文分析：
1. The New Year is a time for resolutions.
·句子类型：陈述句（主系表结构）
·核心结构：主语（The New Year）+系动词（is）+表语（a time for resolutions）
·语法要点：
介词短语 for resolutions 作后置定语，修饰 a time，表示 “下决心的时间”；
resolution 此处为可数名词，意为 “决心、决定”，常用搭配 make a resolution（下决心）。
·释义：新年是下决心的时候。
2. Mentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of 'dos' and 'don'ts'.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓宾结构）
·核心结构：状语（Mentally, at least）+ 主语（most of us）+ 谓语（could compile）+宾语（formidable lists of 'dos' and 'don'ts'）
·语法要点：
Mentally（副词，意为 “在思想上、精神上”）和 at least（插入语，意为 “至少”）作状语，修饰整个句子；
compile 为及物动词，意为 “编制、编纂”，宾语为 lists；
formidable 为形容词，意为 “令人敬畏的、庞大的”，此处形容清单数量多；
'dos' and 'don'ts' 为固定表达，指 “该做的事和不该做的事”。
·释义：至少在思想上，我们大多数人都能列出一长串 “做什么” 和“不做什么” 的清单。
3. The same old favourites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓结构）
·核心结构：主语（The same old favourites）+ 谓语（recur）+ 状语（year in year out, with monotonous regularity）
·语法要点：
recur 为不及物动词，意为 “重复发生、反复出现”；
year in year out 为固定短语，意为 “年复一年、每年”；
with monotonous regularity 为介词短语作方式状语，意为 “以单调的规律性”，即 “千篇一律地”。
·释义：每年都重复着那些同样的老套内容，千篇一律，毫无新意。
4. We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we don't like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓 + 并列不定式宾语结构）
·核心结构：主语（We）+谓语（resolve）+并列不定式短语（to get up..., eat..., find..., do..., be..., drive..., and take...）
·语法要点：
resolve to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为 “决心做某事”，后接多个并列的不定式短语作宾语，to 仅在第一个不定式前出现，后续不定式省略 to；
a thousand and one 为固定表达，意为 “无数的、许许多多的”；
people we don't like为定语从句，省略了关系代词 whom/that，修饰 people；
take the dog for a walk 为固定搭配，意为 “遛狗”。
·释义：我们决心每天早起、少吃、多花时间陪孩子玩、做无数家务、对不喜欢的人和气、小心驾驶，还有每天遛狗。
5. Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓双宾 + 宾语从句结构）
·核心结构：主语（Past experience）+ 谓语（has taught）+ 间接宾语（us）+直接宾语（that 引导的宾语从句）
·语法要点：
teach sb. that... 为双宾语结构，that 引导宾语从句，作直接宾语；
accomplishment 为可数名词，意为 “成就、完成的事”；
beyond attainment 为固定短语，意为 “无法实现的、达不到的”，其中 attainment 意为 “达到、实现”。
·释义：过去的经验告诉我们，有些目标是根本达不到的。
6. If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure.
·句子类型：复合句（条件状语从句 + 表语从句 + 定语从句）
·核心结构：条件状语从句（If we remain inveterate smokers）+ 主句（it is only because...）+表语从句（because we have so often experienced the frustration...）+ 定语从句（that results from failure）
·语法要点：
if 引导条件状语从句，主句为 it is only because...；
remain 为系动词，后接形容词 inveterate（意为 “根深蒂固的、积习难改的”）作表语；
because 引导表语从句，解释原因；
that results from failure 为定语从句，修饰 frustration（意为 “挫败感”），result from 为固定搭配，意为 “由……导致、因…… 产生”。
·释义：我们之所以还是老烟枪，就是因为我们屡屡尝到失败带来的挫败感。
7. Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 原因状语从句 + 并列句）
·核心结构：主句（Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement）+ 原因状语从句（because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out）
·语法要点：
fail in sth. 为固定搭配，意为 “在某事上失败”；
efforts at self-improvement 意为 “自我提升的努力”，at表示 “在……方面”；
because 引导原因状语从句，从句由 and 连接两个并列分句；
carry out 为固定短语，意为 “执行、实施”，此处 them 指代 our schemes（意为 “计划、方案”）。
·释义：我们大多数人自我提升的努力都失败了，因为计划太不切实际，而且我们从来没有时间去执行。
8. We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 结果状语从句 + 时间状语从句）
·核心结构：主句（We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody）+结果状语从句（so that we look even more foolish）+ 时间状语从句（when we slip back into our bad old ways）
·语法要点：
make the error of doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为 “犯了做某事的错误”，of announcing... 作后置定语修饰 error；
announce sth. to sb.意为 “向某人宣布某事”；
so that 引导结果状语从句，意为 “以至于”；
when 引导时间状语从句，slip back into 为固定短语，意为 “重蹈覆辙、恢复旧习惯”。
·释义：我们还犯了一个根本性的错误：把决心告诉所有人，这样当我们重蹈覆辙时，看起来就更傻了。
9. Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself.
·句子类型：陈述句（形容词短语作状语 + 主谓宾结构）
·核心结构：状语（Aware of these pitfalls）+ 主语（I）+ 谓语（attempted）+宾语（to keep my resolutions to myself）
·语法要点：
Aware of these pitfalls 为形容词短语作原因状语，相当于 Because I was aware of these pitfalls；
be aware of 为固定搭配，意为 “意识到”；pitfall 意为 “陷阱、隐患”；
attempt to do sth. 意为 “尝试做某事”；
keep sth. to oneself为固定短语，意为 “对某事保密、不告诉别人”。
·释义：意识到这些陷阱，今年我打算把决心藏在心里，不告诉别人。
10. I limited myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercises every morning and to read more of an evening.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓宾结构，含冒号解释说明）
·核心结构：主语（I）+谓语（limited）+宾语（myself）+状语（to two modest ambitions）+ 同位语（to do... and to read...）
·语法要点：
limit oneself to sth. 为固定搭配，意为 “把自己限制在……”，此处 to 为介词；
冒号后的两个不定式短语 to do... 和to read... 作 ambitions 的同位语，解释说明具体内容；
of an evening 为固定表达，意为 “在晚上”，相当于 in the evening。
·释义：我只给自己定了两个小小的目标：每天早上锻炼身体，晚上多读书。
11. An all-night party on New Year's Eve provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the first day of the year, but on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task.
·句子类型：并列句（but 连接两个陈述句）
·核心结构：分句 1（An all-night party... provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out...）+ 并列连词（but）+ 分句 2（on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task）
·语法要点：
provide sb. with sth. 为固定搭配，意为 “为某人提供某物”；
an excuse for (not) doing sth. 意为 “（不）做某事的借口”；
carry out 此处意为 “执行（决心）”；either of these new resolutions 意为 “这两个新决心的任何一个”；
apply oneself to sth. 为固定短语，意为 “专心致志于某事”，assiduously为副词，意为 “刻苦地、勤奋地”，修饰 applied。
·释义：新年前夜的通宵派对给了我一个完美的借口，让我在新年第一天就不用执行任何一个决心，但第二天，我还是努力地开始了任务。
12. The daily exercises lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up.
·句子类型：复合句（并列句 + 时间状语从句）
·核心结构：分句 1（The daily exercises lasted only eleven minutes）+并列连词（and）+分句 2（I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up）
·语法要点：
last 为不及物动词，意为 “持续”；
propose to do sth. 意为 “打算、计划做某事”；
before 引导时间状语从句，从句使用过去完成时 had got up，表示动作发生在主句动作 proposed 之前。
·释义：每天的锻炼只持续 11 分钟，我打算在大家起床前的早上进行。
13. The self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓结构，含过去分词短语作定语）
·核心结构：主语（The self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual）+系动词（was）+表语（considerable）
·语法要点：
required to drag myself out of bed... 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 self-discipline（意为 “自律”），相当于 which was required to drag myself out of bed...；
drag oneself out of bed 为固定短语，意为 “勉强起床”；
earlier than usual 意为 “比平时早”；
considerable 为形容词，意为 “相当大的、可观的”，此处形容自律的难度很高。
·释义：要比平时早起 11 分钟，需要很强的自律。
14. Nevertheless, I managed to creep down into the living room for two days before anyone found me out.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 时间状语从句）
·核心结构：状语（Nevertheless）+主句（I managed to creep down into the living room for two days）+ 时间状语从句（before anyone found me out）
·语法要点：
nevertheless 为副词，意为 “然而、尽管如此”，作状语；
manage to do sth. 意为 “设法做成某事”；
creep down into 意为 “悄悄溜进”，creep 强调动作缓慢、偷偷摸摸；
before 引导时间状语从句，find sb. out 为固定短语，意为 “发现某人的秘密、识破某人”。
·释义：尽管如此，我还是偷偷溜到客厅坚持了两天，没被任何人发现。
15. After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable positions, I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition.
·句子类型：陈述句（介词短语作状语 + 主谓结构）
·核心结构：状语（After jumping about... and twisting...）+ 主语（I）+ 谓语（sat down）+状语（at the breakfast table, in an exhausted condition）
·语法要点：
After + 动名词短语作时间状语，此处两个动名词 jumping 和 twisting 由 and 并列；
jump about 意为 “跳来跳去”；twist... into... 意为 “把……扭成……”；the human frame 此处指代 “身体”；
in an exhausted condition 为介词短语作伴随状语，意为 “筋疲力尽地”。
·释义：在地毯上跳来跳去，把身体扭成各种不舒服的姿势之后，我精疲力竭地坐在早餐桌前。
16. It was this that betrayed me.
·句子类型：强调句（It is/was... that... 结构）
·核心结构：强调句框架（It was... that...）+ 被强调部分（this）+ 谓语（betrayed）+宾语（me）
·语法要点：
本句为典型的强调句型 It was + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分，此处被强调的是主语 this（指代上一句中 “我筋疲力尽的状态”）；
betray 为及物动词，意为 “暴露、出卖”，此处指 “让我被发现”。
·释义：正是这个举动暴露了我。
17. The next morning the whole family trooped in to watch the performance.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓结构，含不定式作目的状语）
·核心结构：状语（The next morning）+ 主语（the whole family）+ 谓语（trooped in）+目的状语（to watch the performance）
·语法要点：
troop in 为固定短语，意为 “成群结队地进来”；
to watch the performance 为不定式短语作目的状语，此处 the performance 是幽默说法，指代 “我做早操的样子”。
·释义：第二天早上，全家人都涌进来 “围观我的表演”。
18. That was really unsettling, but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good-humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea.
·句子类型：并列句（but 连接三个并列分句）
·核心结构：分句 1（That was really unsettling）+ 并列连词（but）+分句 2（I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good-humouredly）+ 并列连词（and）+ 分句 3（soon everybody got used to the idea）
·语法要点：
unsettling 为形容词，意为 “令人不安的、让人不自在的”；
fend off 为固定短语，意为 “挡开、避开”；taunts and jibes 意为 “嘲笑和挖苦”；good-humouredly 为副词，意为 “幽默地、心平气和地”；
get used to sth. 为固定搭配，意为 “习惯于某事”，此处 the idea 指代 “我每天早上做早操这件事”。
·释义：这让我很不自在，但我还是幽默地挡住了家人的嘲笑和挖苦，很快大家也就习惯了。
19. However, my enthusiasm waned.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓结构）
·核心结构：状语（However）+主语（my enthusiasm）+谓语（waned）
·语法要点：
however 为副词，意为 “然而”，作状语；
enthusiasm 为不可数名词，意为 “热情、积极性”；
wane 为不及物动词，意为 “减弱、衰退”，此处指 “热情减退”。
·释义：然而，我的热情减退了。
20. The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓结构，含定语从句）
·核心结构：主语（The time I spent at exercises）+ 状语（gradually）+ 谓语（diminished）
·语法要点：
I spent at exercises为定语从句，省略了关系代词 that/which，修饰 The time；
spend time at sth. 意为 “在某事上花费时间”；
diminish 为不及物动词，意为 “减少、缩小”。
·释义：我花在锻炼上的时间越来越少。
21. Little by little the eleven minutes fell to zero.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓结构）
·核心结构：状语（Little by little）+ 主语（the eleven minutes）+ 谓语（fell to zero）
·语法要点：
little by little 为固定短语，意为 “渐渐地、一点一点地”；
fall to zero 意为 “降到零”，此处指 “锻炼时间从 11 分钟减少到 0 分钟”。
·释义：11 分钟的锻炼时间一点点缩短，最后变成了零。
22. By January 10th, I was back to where I had started from.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 宾语从句）
·核心结构：状语（By January 10th）+ 主句（I was back to...）+ 宾语从句（where I had started from）
·语法要点：
by + 时间意为 “到…… 为止”，常与完成时或一般过去时连用；
where I had started from 为宾语从句，作介词 to 的宾语，had started 为过去完成时，表示动作发生在 was back 之前；
be back to where one started from 为固定表达，意为 “回到原点”。
·释义：到 1 月10 号，我又回到了原点。
23. I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning, I would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home from work.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 宾语从句 + 条件状语从句 + 时间状语从句）
·核心结构：主句（I argued that...）+ 宾语从句（that if I spent less time..., I would keep my mind fresh for reading when...）
·语法要点：
argue that... 意为 “争辩说、认为……”，that 引导宾语从句；
宾语从句中，if 引导条件状语从句，从句用一般过去时 spent，主句用过去将来时 would keep，符合 “主将从现” 的过去时态对应规则；
spend time doing sth. 意为 “花费时间做某事”，此处 exhausting myself 为动名词短语；exhaust oneself 意为 “使自己筋疲力尽”；
keep one's mind fresh for sth. 意为 “让头脑保持清醒，以便做某事”；
when 引导时间状语从句，描述 “下班回家时” 的场景。
·释义：我辩解说，如果早上少花点时间把自己累得筋疲力尽，下班后回家看书时头脑会更清醒。
24. Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book.
·句子类型：陈述句（现在分词短语作状语 + 主谓结构，含 with 复合结构）
·核心结构：状语（Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television）+ 主语（I）+谓语（sat）+状语（in my room, for a few evenings）+ with 复合结构（with my eyes glued to a book）
·语法要点：
Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，相当于 While I resisted the hypnotizing effect of television；
hypnotizing effect 意为 “催眠效果”，此处指电视让人犯困的效果；
with my eyes glued to a book 为 with + 宾语 + 过去分词的复合结构，作伴随状语，意为 “眼睛死死盯着书本”，其中 glued to 意为 “粘在…… 上”，形容专注的状态。
·释义：我抵制住了电视的催眠效果，有好几个晚上都坐在房间里，眼睛死死盯着书本。
25. One night, however, feeling cold and lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front of the television pretending to read.
·句子类型：陈述句（现在分词短语作状语 + 主谓结构，含并列谓语）
·核心结构：状语（One night, however, feeling cold and lonely）+ 主语（I）+ 并列谓语（went downstairs and sat in front of the television）+ 伴随状语（pretending to read）
·语法要点：
feeling cold and lonely 为现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于 because I felt cold and lonely；
went downstairs 和 sat in front of the television 为并列谓语；
pretending to read 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，修饰 sat，表示 “假装在看书” 的状态。
·释义：然而，有一天晚上，我又冷又孤单，于是下楼坐在电视机前，假装在看书。
26. That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.
·句子类型：并列句（for 连接两个分句）
·核心结构：分句 1（That proved to be my undoing）+ 并列连词（for）+分句 2（I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen）
·语法要点：
prove to be 意为 “结果是、证明是”；undoing 为名词，意为 “失败的原因、毁灭”，此处指 “让我放弃决心的关键”；
for 为并列连词，意为 “因为”，补充说明原因；
get back to one's old habit 意为 “恢复旧习惯”；
doze off 为固定短语，意为 “打瞌睡、打盹儿”。
·释义：这一下可就前功尽弃了，因为我很快又恢复了在电视机前打瞌睡的老毛病。
27. I still haven't given up my resolution to do more reading.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓宾结构，含不定式作定语）
·核心结构：主语（I）+谓语（still haven't given up）+ 宾语（my resolution to do more reading）
·语法要点：
give up 为固定短语，意为 “放弃”；
to do more reading 为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 resolution，意为 “多读书的决心”。
·释义：我还没有放弃多读书的决心。
28. In fact, I have just bought a book entitled How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓宾结构，含过去分词短语作定语）
·核心结构：状语（In fact）+主语（I）+谓语（have just bought）+ 宾语（a book entitled How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute）
·语法要点：
in fact 为固定短语，意为 “事实上”；
entitled... 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 a book，相当于 which is entitled...，意为 “名为…… 的书”；
How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute 为书名，意为 “《如何一分钟读一千字》”。
·释义：事实上，我刚买了一本名叫《如何一分钟读一千字》的书。
29. Perhaps it will solve my problem, but I just haven't had time to read it!
·句子类型：并列句（but 连接两个陈述句）
·核心结构：分句 1（Perhaps it will solve my problem）+ 并列连词（but）+分句 2（I just haven't had time to read it）
·语法要点：
perhaps 为副词，意为 “也许”，作状语；
solve one's problem 意为 “解决某人的问题”；
have time to do sth.为固定搭配，意为 “有时间做某事”，此处 to read it 为不定式作后置定语，修饰 time。
·释义：也许它能解决我的问题，可我就是没时间读它！
词汇分析：
一、核心词汇
1.resolution /ˌrezəˈluːʃn/ n. 决心；决议；解决
2.mentally /ˈmentəli/ adv. 在心理上；精神上
3.compile /kəmˈpaɪl/ vt. 编制；汇编；编纂
4.formidable /ˈfɔːmɪdəbl/ adj. 庞大的；令人敬畏的；难对付的
5.recur /rɪˈkɜː(r)/ vi. 重复出现；再次发生
6.monotonous /məˈnɒtənəs/ adj. 单调的；毫无变化的
7.attainment /əˈteɪnmənt/ n. 达到；成就；造诣
8.inveterate /ɪnˈvetərət/ adj. 积习难改的；根深蒂固的
9.frustration /frʌˈstreɪʃn/ n. 挫败感；沮丧；受挫
10.scheme /skiːm/ n. 计划；方案；计谋
11.ambitious /æmˈbɪʃəs/ adj. 宏大的；野心勃勃的；艰巨的
12.fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/ adj. 根本的；基本的
13.pitfall /ˈpɪtfɔːl/ n. 陷阱；隐患；易犯的错误
14.modest /ˈmɒdɪst/ adj. 不大的；适度的；谦虚的
15.assiduously /əˈsɪdjuəsli/ adv. 刻苦地；坚持不懈地
16.self-discipline /ˌself ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. 自律；自我约束
17.considerable /kənˈsɪdərəbl/ adj. 相当大的；可观的
18.creep /kriːp/ vi. 悄悄移动；蹑手蹑脚走；爬行
19.betray /bɪˈtreɪ/ vt. 暴露；流露；背叛
20.unsettling /ʌnˈsetlɪŋ/ adj. 令人不安的；使人局促的
21.taunt /tɔːnt/ n. 嘲讽；奚落
22.jibe/dʒaɪb/ n. 挖苦；讥讽
23.wane/weɪn/ vi. 衰退；减弱；日渐暗淡
24.diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ vi./vt. 减少；降低；变小
25.undoing /ʌnˈduːɪŋ/ n. 败因；祸根；毁灭
26.hypnotize /ˈhɪpnətaɪz/ vt. 使催眠；使着迷
二、高级固定搭配
1.a time for resolutions
释义：下决心的时刻
解析：a time for + 名词经典写作句型，表 “做某事的时节 / 时刻”
2.dos and don'ts
释义：该做的事与不该做的事；行为准则
解析：固定习语，口语 + 写作万能，无需变形
3.year in year out
释义：年复一年；年年如此
解析：时间类高级短语，替换 every year，书面感极强
4.resolve to do sth.
释义：决心做某事
解析：正式书面表达，比 decide to do 高级，适合雅思写作
5.a thousand and one
释义：无数的；许许多多的
解析：夸张修辞，替换 countless /a lot of
6.beyond attainment
释义：无法企及；难以实现
解析：beyond + 名词高频高级结构：beyond belief/beyond repair/beyond doubt
7.result from
释义：由…… 引起；源于
解析：因果逻辑必背，主语是结果，宾语是原因
8.fail in one’s efforts at sth.
释义：在…… 的努力上失败
解析：写作专用，用来写计划、目标落空
9.carry out
释义：执行；实施（计划、决心、命令）
解析：万能动词短语，搭配 plan /resolution/policy
10.slip back into bad old ways
释义：重蹈覆辙；故态复萌
解析：议论文写 “坏习惯复发” 满分表达
11.be aware of these pitfalls
释义：意识到这些隐患 / 陷阱
解析：议论文引出问题、规避错误专用
12.keep sth. to oneself
释义：对某事保密；不对外声张
解析：日常 + 书面双用高频搭配
13.limit oneself to sth.
释义：把自己限定在……；只给自己设定……
解析：to 是介词，后接名词 / 动名词
14.of an evening
释义：在晚上（习惯性）
解析：老式优雅表达，相当于 in the evening，提升文采
15.provide sb. with a good excuse for doing sth.
释义：给某人提供做某事的借口
解析：长难句经典骨架，写作可直接套用
16.apply oneself to the task
释义：专心投入某项任务
解析：正式书面语，apply oneself to (doing) sth.
17.drag oneself out of bed
释义：勉强爬起床
解析：生动形象短语，描述起床困难
18.find sb. out
释义：识破某人；发现某人的秘密
解析：口语课文高频固定习语
19.it is/was...that...
释义：正是……（强调句型）
解析：语法必考，写作加分句式
20.fend off taunts and jibes
释义：避开嘲讽与挖苦；淡然应对讥讽
解析：高级动词搭配，人文类阅读常考
21.get used to the idea
释义：接受这种情况；习惯这件事
解析get used to + 名词 /doing固定用法
22.fall to zero
释义：降至为零
解析：图表作文数据描述万能搭配
23.be back to where one started from
释义：回到原点；前功尽弃
解析：哲理类写作金句
24.exhaust oneself at sth.
释义：因某事使自己筋疲力尽
25.keep one’s mind fresh for sth.
释义：保持头脑清醒以便做某事
26.with one’s eyes glued to sth.
释义：目不转睛盯着某物
解析：with 复合结构经典高分写法
27.doze off
释义：打瞌睡；打盹儿
解析：生活场景高频短语
28.give up one’s resolution to do sth.
释义：放弃做某事的决心
三、拓展高频搭配
1. resolution 拓展搭配
·make a resolution 下决心
·keep a resolution 坚守决心
·abandon a resolution 放弃决心
·New Year’s resolution 新年立志
2. compile 拓展搭配
·compile a list 编制清单
·compile data 汇编数据
·compile a report 撰写汇编报告
3. recur 拓展搭配
·problems recur 问题再次出现
·symptoms recur 症状复发
·recur regularly 定期重复
4. ambitious 拓展搭配
·ambitious goal 远大目标
·ambitious project 宏大项目
·ambitious schedule 紧张繁重的计划
5. fundamental 拓展搭配
·fundamental reason 根本原因
·fundamental change 根本性变化
·fundamental principle 基本原则
6. considerable 拓展搭配
·considerable time 大量时间
·considerable influence 巨大影响
·considerable progress 长足进步
7. diminish 同义拓展（写作替换）
·decline 下降
·reduce 减少
·shrink 缩减
·lessen 减弱
8. 因果类高频替换（替代 result from）
·stem from 源于
·arise from 由…… 产生
·be attributable to 归因于
9. 表示 “放弃、戒除” 高频搭配
·give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
·break a habit 戒掉习惯
·quit smoking/drinking 戒烟 / 戒酒
·refrain from doing 克制不做
10. 表示 “坚持、自律” 写作搭配
·maintain self-discipline 保持自律
·stick to one’s plan 坚持计划
·persist in doing sth. 坚持做某事
·restrain oneself 自我克制
长难句分析：
长难句 1
Mentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of 'dos' and 'don'ts'.
语法结构
·主干：most of us could compile lists（主谓宾）
·前置状语：Mentally, at least （副词 + 插入语，修饰整句）
·后置定语：of 'dos' and 'don'ts' 修饰 lists
语法考点 & 注意要点
1.插入语位置灵活：at least 可放句首 / 句中 / 句末，不影响主干语序；
2.名词后置定语：A of B 结构，翻译要倒序 “…… 的 A”；
3.dos and don'ts固定习语，永远加's，不能改单数；
4.mentally 副词放句首作评注性状语，修饰整个句子，不是修饰某个动词。
译文
至少在思想上，我们大多数人都能列出一长串该做与不该做的事。
长难句 2
If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure.
语法结构
复合句三层嵌套：
1.If 条件状语从句：If we remain inveterate smokers
2.主句：it is only because...
3.because 表语从句：we have so often experienced the frustration
4.that 定语从句：that results from failure 修饰 frustration
语法考点 & 注意要点
1.remain 是系动词，后接形容词 / 名词作表语，不能用副词；
2.It is because...经典表语从句结构，表 “…… 的原因是”；
3.定语从句 that results from failure：that 在从句中作主语，不可省略；
4.result from因果易错点：
oresult from + 原因
oresult in + 结果千万别用反；
5.时态：现在完成时 have experienced 强调 “过往经历对现在的影响”。
译文
我们之所以积习难改依旧吸烟，只是因为我们屡屡承受失败带来的挫败感。
长难句 3
Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out.
语法结构
·主句：Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement
·because 原因状语从句，从句内部由and并列两个简单句；
·后置定语：at self-improvement 修饰 efforts；
·不定式定语：to carry them out 修饰 time。
语法考点 & 注意要点
1.fail in + 名词固定搭配：在…… 方面失败；
2.efforts at sth.介词只用at，不用 on/in；
3.原因状语从句中并列句省略重复连词，后面分句不再重复 because；
4.carry out及物短语，代词宾语 them 必须放中间：carry them out，不能说 carry out them。
译文
我们大多数人在自我提升的尝试上都归于失败，因为我们的计划好高骛远，而且我们从来没时间去执行。
长难句 4
We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways.
语法结构
多层从句嵌套：
1.主句：We also make the fundamental error
2.后置定语：of announcing our resolutions to everybody 修饰 error
3.so that 结果状语从句：so that we look even more foolish
4.when 时间状语从句：when we slip back into our bad old ways
语法考点 & 注意要点
1.the error of doing sth.固定结构：犯了做某事的错误，of 后必须接动名词；
2.announce sth. to sb.介词搭配固定，to 不能改成 for；
3.so that 两大用法区分：
o表目的：以便、为了
o表结果：以至于（本句是结果）
4.slip back into + 名词：故态复萌、重回坏习惯，into 不可省略。
译文
我们还犯了一个根本性错误：把自己的决心告知所有人，以至于当我们故态复萌时，会显得更加可笑。
长难句 5
The self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable.
语法结构
·主干：The self-discipline was considerable
·后置定语：required to drag myself out of bed...
= which was required to drag...（过去分词短语作后置定语）
·比较结构：earlier than usual
语法考点 & 注意要点
1.过去分词作后置定语：required 修饰前面名词，表 “被动、完成”；
千万别当成句子谓语，本句真正谓语是was；
2.drag oneself out of bed固定习语，反身代词 oneself 不能丢；
3.than usual固定比较搭配，不用 than usually；
4.长句拆分技巧：先找谓语动词，剥离修饰成分，立刻看清主干。
译文
要比平时早起十一分钟所需要的自律力是相当大的。
长难句 6
After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable positions, I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition.
语法结构
·After + 并列动名词短语作时间状语：
After jumping about... and twisting...
·主句：I sat down
·地点状语：at the breakfast table
·伴随状语：in an exhausted condition
语法考点 & 注意要点
1.介词后接动名词：After 是介词，后面只能 doing，不能用原形或从句；
2.并列动名词：jumping and twisting共用一个 After，后一个省略重复的 after；
3.in + 形容词 + condition/state固定介词短语表状态；
4.the human frame 文学委婉表达 = body，阅读常见替换词。
译文
在地毯上蹦跳、把身体扭成各种别扭姿势之后，我精疲力竭地坐在早餐桌旁。
长难句 7
I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning, I would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home from work.
语法结构
顶级多层嵌套长难句：
1.主句：I argued
2.that 宾语从句作argued 的宾语
3.宾语从句内：if 条件状语从句 + 主句（过去将来时）
4.再内嵌when 时间状语从句
语法考点 & 注意要点
1.主从复合句时态呼应
从句过去时 spent → 主句过去将来时 would keep，遵循过去版 “主将从现”；
2.spend time (in) doing sth.固定结构：spend + 时间 + doing，必须用动名词 exhausting；
3.keep + 宾语 + 形容词宾补结构：keep my mind fresh；
4.多层从句读懂技巧：先抓主句谓语，再一层层剥离从句，不要逐词死翻。
译文
我辩解说，如果早上少花时间把自己弄得筋疲力尽，下班回家后就能保持头脑清醒用来读书。
句型分析：
句式 1
课文原句
The New Year is a time for resolutions.
句型骨架
A is a time for B.
某地 / 某时节是做某事的绝佳时刻 / 时期。
关键词替换
A：节日、季节、人生阶段（Youth / Spring / Weekend / Graduation）
B：目标、反思、成长、放松（reflection /growth/relaxation /making plans）
作文套用示例
Youth is a time for self-improvement.
示例翻译
青春是自我提升的大好时光。
句式 2
课文原句
Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.
句型骨架
Past experience has taught us that + 完整宾语从句.
过往的经验告诉我们，……
关键词替换
certain accomplishments → some goals / ideal plans / high expectations
are beyond attainment → are hard to achieve / cannot be realized easily
作文套用示例
Past experience has taught us that unrealistic goals are beyond attainment.
示例翻译
过往的经验告诉我们，不切实际的目标是难以实现的。
句式 3
课文原句
Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious.
句型骨架
Most of us fail in our efforts at A because B.
大多数人在某事上努力无果，原因是……
关键词替换
A：self-improvement → learning / habit-building / time management
B：too ambitious → lack of perseverance / lack of proper planning
作文套用示例
Most of us fail in our efforts at learning because we lack self-discipline.
示例翻译
我们大多数人在学习上的努力付诸东流，原因是我们缺乏自律。
句式 4
课文原句
Aware of these pitfalls, I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself.
句型骨架
Aware of + 问题 / 隐患，sb. attempt to do sth.
意识到这些问题后，某人决定 / 尝试做某事。
关键词替换
these pitfalls → these problems / potential risks / disadvantages
keep my resolutions → make plans / change habits / adjust lifestyles
作文套用示例
Aware of these problems, many teenagers attempt to develop good living habits.
示例翻译
意识到这些问题后，许多青少年开始努力培养良好的生活习惯。
句式 5
课文原句
It was this that betrayed me.
句型骨架
It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 剩余句子.
正是…… 才……（强调句万能高分句式）
关键词替换
被强调部分：this /laziness/lack of persistence /bad habits
作文套用示例
It was laziness that ruined many people’s plans.
示例翻译
正是懒惰毁掉了很多人的计划。
