Lesson 49 The ideal servant
课文分析：
It is a good thing my aunt Harriet died years ago.
我姑妈哈丽特多年前就去世了，这是件好事。
If she were alive today she would not be able to air her views on her favourite topic of conversation: domestic servants.
如果她今天还活着，就无法就她最爱的话题 —— 家佣 —— 发表她的高见了。
Aunt Harriet lived in that leisurely age when servants were employed to do housework.
哈丽特姑妈生活在那个悠闲的年代，那时人们都雇佣人做家务。
She had a huge, rambling country house called ‘The Gables’.
她有一栋杂乱宽敞的乡间宅邸，名叫 “山墙庄园”。
She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband’s death.
她对这栋房子有着很深的感情，尽管对她来说房子太大了，但丈夫去世后很久，她还是坚持住在那里。
Before she grew old, Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly.
哈丽特姑妈年轻时，经常大摆宴席招待客人。
I often visited The Gables when I was a boy.
我小时候常去 “山墙庄园”。
No matter how many guests were present, the great house was always immaculate.
不管有多少客人，那栋大房子总是一尘不染。
The parquet floors shone like mirrors; highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets; even my uncle’s huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust.
镶木地板像镜子一样光亮；擦得锃亮的银器陈列在闪闪发光的玻璃柜里；就连我叔叔收藏的大量书籍也奇迹般地一尘不染。
Aunt Harriet presided over an invisible army of servants that continuously scrubbed, cleaned, and polished.
哈丽特姑妈指挥着一支看不见的佣人队伍，他们不停地擦洗、打扫、抛光。
She always referred to them as ‘the shifting population’, for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names.
她总是称他们为 “流动大军”，因为他们来来去去太频繁了，我从来没机会记住他们的名字。
Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.
虽然姑妈在当时推行的是开明政策 —— 她从不允许佣人每天工作超过 8 小时，但她却极难伺候。
While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie.
她总是批评人性的反复无常，却一直不懈地寻找理想的佣人，直到生命的最后一刻，即使在被贝西伤透心、彻底失望之后也依然如此。
Bessie worked for Aunt Harriet for three years.
贝西为哈丽特姑妈工作了三年。
During that time she so gained my aunt’s confidence, that she was put in charge of the domestic staff.
那段时间里，她深得姑妈的信任，被提拔为家政主管。
Aunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessie’s industriousness and efficiency.
哈丽特姑妈对贝西的勤快和效率赞不绝口。
In addition to all her other qualifications, Bessie was an expert cook.
除了这些优点，贝西还是个厨艺高手。
She acted the role of the perfect servant for three years before Aunt Harriet discovered her ‘little weakness’.
她当了三年的完美佣人，直到哈丽特姑妈发现了她的 “小缺点”。
After being absent from The Gables for a week, my aunt unexpectedly returned one afternoon with a party of guests and instructed Bessie to prepare dinner.
姑妈离开 “山墙庄园” 一周后，一天下午她突然带着一群客人回来了，吩咐贝西准备晚餐。
Not only was the meal well below the usual standard, but Bessie seemed unable to walk steadily.
饭菜不仅远不如平时的水准，贝西还好像站不稳似的。
She bumped into the furniture and kept mumbling about the guests.
她一会儿撞到家具上，一会儿又不停地嘟囔着客人的事。
When she came in with the last course — a huge pudding — she tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air, narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table with considerable force.
当她端着最后一道菜 —— 一个巨大的布丁 —— 进来时，在地毯上绊了一跤，布丁飞了出去，差点砸到姑妈，重重地摔在了餐桌上。
Though this caused great mirth among the guests, Aunt Harriet was horrified.
客人们都乐坏了，可哈丽特姑妈却吓坏了。
She reluctantly came to the conclusion that Bessie was drunk.
她不得不不情愿地得出结论：贝西喝醉了。
The guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe, had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement.
当然，客人们从贝西开门那一刻就看出来了，早在这场闹剧发生前，他们就费了好大的劲才忍住不笑出来。
The poor girl was dismissed instantly.
可怜的姑娘立刻被解雇了。
After her departure, Aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie’s wardrobe.
她走后，哈丽特姑妈发现，原来贝西的衣柜里整整齐齐地堆着各种形状、各种大小的空酒瓶。
They had mysteriously found their way there from the wine cellar!
这些酒瓶神不知鬼不觉地从酒窖跑到了这里！
课文分析：
1. It is a good thing my aunt Harriet died years ago.
·句子类型：复合句（含主语从句的主从复合句）
·核心结构：It is a good thing (that) [主语从句]
oIt 为形式主语，真正主语是后面的从句 my aunt Harriet died years ago
·语法要点：
1.形式主语 it 结构：It is + 名词/形容词 + that 从句，避免句子头重脚轻
2.从句中省略了引导词 that，口语 / 非正式文本中 that 常省略
·释义：我姑妈哈丽特多年前就去世了，这是件好事。
2. If she were alive today she would not be able to air her views on her favourite topic of conversation: domestic servants.
·句子类型：复合句（虚拟条件状语从句 + 主句）
·核心结构：If + 主语 + were/did, 主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形（与现在事实相反的虚拟语气）
·语法要点：
1.虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，条件从句用 were（无论主语单复数，虚拟语气中 be 动词统一用 were），主句用 would + 动词原形
2.固定搭配：air one's views on sth.（就某事发表观点）；topic of conversation（谈话话题）
·释义：如果她今天还活着，就无法就她最爱的话题 —— 家佣 —— 发表她的高见了。
3. Aunt Harriet lived in that leisurely age when servants were employed to do housework.
·句子类型：复合句（含定语从句的主从复合句）
·核心结构：主句 + 先行词 + when 引导的定语从句
o主句：Aunt Harriet lived in that leisurely age
o定语从句：when servants were employed to do housework（修饰先行词 age）
·语法要点：
1.when 引导定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词 age，在从句中作时间状语
2.被动语态：were employed to do sth.（被雇佣做某事）
·释义：哈丽特姑妈生活在那个悠闲的年代，那时人们都雇佣人做家务。
4. She had a huge, rambling country house called ‘The Gables’.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 过去分词短语作后置定语
·语法要点：
1.过去分词短语 called ‘The Gables’作后置定语，修饰 house，相当于定语从句 which was called ‘The Gables’
2.形容词并列：huge, rambling 共同修饰 country house，rambling意为 “布局凌乱的、无规则延伸的”
·释义：她有一栋杂乱宽敞的乡间宅邸，名叫 “山墙庄园”。
5. She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband’s death.
·句子类型：并列复合句（由 for 连接两个分句，第二个分句含让步状语从句）
·核心结构：分句1, for [even though 引导的让步状语从句, 主句]
o分句 1：She was sentimentally attached to this house
o分句 2：even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband’s death
·语法要点：
1.for 为并列连词，表补充说明原因，语气比 because 弱，不能放句首
2.even though 引导让步状语从句，意为 “尽管、即使”
3.固定搭配：be attached to sth.（依恋、喜爱某物）；persist in doing sth.（执意 / 坚持做某事）；far too + adj. + for sb.'s needs（远超某人的需求）
·释义：她对这栋房子有着很深的感情，尽管对她来说房子太大了，但丈夫去世后很久，她还是坚持住在那里。
6. Before she grew old, Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly.
·句子类型：复合句（含时间状语从句的主从复合句）
·核心结构：Before 引导的时间状语从句, 主句
·语法要点：
1.before 引导时间状语从句，意为 “在…… 之前”
2.固定结构：used to do sth.（过去常常做某事，现在不再做了）
3.副词 lavishly 修饰动词 entertain，意为 “铺张地、奢华地”
·释义：哈丽特姑妈年轻时，经常大摆宴席招待客人。
7. I often visited The Gables when I was a boy.
·句子类型：复合句（含时间状语从句的主从复合句）
·核心结构：主句 + when 引导的时间状语从句
·语法要点：
1.when 引导时间状语从句，意为 “当…… 的时候”，描述过去的时间背景
2.一般过去时：主句和从句均用一般过去时，描述过去发生的动作 / 状态
·释义：我小时候常去 “山墙庄园”。
8. No matter how many guests were present, the great house was always immaculate.
·句子类型：复合句（含让步状语从句的主从复合句）
·核心结构：No matter how + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语, 主句
·语法要点：
1.no matter how 引导让步状语从句，意为 “无论多么 / 多少”，相当于 however many
2.形容词 present 作表语，意为 “在场的”；immaculate 意为 “一尘不染的、洁净无瑕的”
·释义：不管有多少客人，那栋大房子总是一尘不染。
9. The parquet floors shone like mirrors; highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets; even my uncle’s huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust.
·句子类型：并列句（由分号连接的三个并列分句）
·核心结构：分句1; 分句2; 分句3
·语法要点：
1.分号用于连接结构紧密、语义相关的并列分句，此处三个分句共同描述房子的洁净
2.被动语态：was displayed（被陈列）、was kept（被保持）
3.固定搭配：keep sth. free from sth.（使某物免受…… 影响）；parquet floors（镶木地板）；highly polished（高度抛光的）
·释义：镶木地板像镜子一样光亮；擦得锃亮的银器陈列在闪闪发光的玻璃柜里；就连我叔叔收藏的大量书籍也奇迹般地一尘不染。
10. Aunt Harriet presided over an invisible army of servants that continuously scrubbed, cleaned, and polished.
·句子类型：复合句（含定语从句的主从复合句）
·核心结构：主句 + 先行词 + that 引导的定语从句
o主句：Aunt Harriet presided over an invisible army of servants
o定语从句：that continuously scrubbed, cleaned, and polished（修饰先行词 servants）
·语法要点：
1.that 引导定语从句，指代人 servants，在从句中作主语
2.固定搭配：preside over sth.（主持、管理某事）；an army of（一大群）；三个并列动词 scrubbed, cleaned, polished 描述佣人的动作
·释义：哈丽特姑妈指挥着一支看不见的佣人队伍，他们不停地擦洗、打扫、抛光。
11. She always referred to them as ‘the shifting population’, for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names.
·句子类型：并列复合句（由 for 连接两个分句，第二个分句含结果状语从句）
·核心结构：分句1, for [主句 + such + 名词 + that 引导的结果状语从句]
o分句 1：She always referred to them as ‘the shifting population’
o分句 2：they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names
·语法要点：
1.refer to sb./sth. as sth.（把某人 / 某物称作……）
2.such + 名词 + that 从句结构，表 “如此…… 以至于……”，引导结果状语从句
3.with such frequency（如此频繁地）；shifting population（流动的人群，此处指频繁更换的佣人）
·释义：她总是称他们为 “流动大军”，因为他们来来去去太频繁了，我从来没机会记住他们的名字。
12. Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.
·句子类型：复合句（含让步状语从句 + 宾语从句的主从复合句）
·核心结构：Though 引导的让步状语从句, 主句
o从句核心：my aunt pursued [what 引导的宾语从句]
o主句：she was extremely difficult to please
·语法要点：
1.though 引导让步状语从句，表 “尽管”
2.what 引导宾语从句，作 pursued 的宾语，意为 “…… 的政策”
3.in that 引导原因状语从句，表 “因为、由于”，解释前文 enlightened policy 的具体内容
4.固定搭配：allow sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事）；domestic staff（家政人员）；difficult to please（难以取悦的）
·释义：虽然姑妈在当时推行的是开明政策 —— 她从不允许佣人每天工作超过 8 小时，但她却极难伺候。
13. While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie.
·句子类型：复合句（含时间 / 对比状语从句 + 时间状语从句的主从复合句）
·核心结构：While 引导的状语从句, 主句 + even after 引导的时间状语从句
·语法要点：
1.while 引导对比状语从句，表 “虽然、尽管”，相当于 though
2.even after 引导时间状语从句，表 “即使在…… 之后”，从句用过去完成时 had been disillusioned，表示动作发生在主句动作之前
3.固定搭配：carry on a search for sth.（持续寻找某物）；to the end of one's days（直到某人生命的尽头）；be disillusioned by sb.（对某人彻底失望 / 幻想破灭）
·释义：她总是批评人性的反复无常，却一直不懈地寻找理想的佣人，直到生命的最后一刻，即使在被贝西伤透心、彻底失望之后也依然如此。
14. Bessie worked for Aunt Harriet for three years.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + 状语（时间/对象）
·语法要点：
1.一般过去时，描述过去持续的动作
2.for + 时间段表动作持续的时间长度
·释义：贝西为哈丽特姑妈工作了三年。
15. During that time she so gained my aunt’s confidence, that she was put in charge of the domestic staff.
·句子类型：复合句（含结果状语从句的主从复合句）
·核心结构：主句 + so + 动词 + that 引导的结果状语从句
·语法要点：
1.so + 动词 + that 从句结构，表 “如此…… 以至于……”，此处 so 修饰动词 gained，强调程度
2.被动语态：was put in charge of（被任命负责……）
3.固定搭配：gain sb.'s confidence（赢得某人的信任）；put sb. in charge of sth.（任命某人负责某事）；domestic staff（家政人员）
·释义：那段时间里，她深得姑妈的信任，被提拔为家政主管。
16. Aunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessie’s industriousness and efficiency.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 不定式短语作目的状语
·语法要点：
1.固定结构：cannot find words to do sth.（无法用言语表达……，此处为过去时 could not）
2.名词 industriousness（勤奋）和 efficiency（效率）作 praise 的对象
·释义：哈丽特姑妈对贝西的勤快和效率赞不绝口。
17. In addition to all her other qualifications, Bessie was an expert cook.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：介词短语作状语, 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
·语法要点：
1.in addition to 引导介词短语，表 “除…… 之外（还有）”，作句首状语
2.固定搭配：expert cook（厨艺高手）；qualifications（资质、优点）
·释义：除了这些优点，贝西还是个厨艺高手。
18. She acted the role of the perfect servant for three years before Aunt Harriet discovered her ‘little weakness’.
·句子类型：复合句（含时间状语从句的主从复合句）
·核心结构：主句 + before 引导的时间状语从句
·语法要点：
1.before 引导时间状语从句，表 “在…… 之前”，描述两个动作的先后顺序
2.固定搭配：act the role of sth.（扮演…… 角色，此处指表现得像……）；little weakness（小缺点，此处为反语，指严重问题）
·释义：她当了三年的完美佣人，直到哈丽特姑妈发现了她的 “小缺点”。
19. After being absent from The Gables for a week, my aunt unexpectedly returned one afternoon with a party of guests and instructed Bessie to prepare dinner.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：介词短语作状语, 主语 + 并列谓语1 + 状语 + 并列谓语2 + 宾语补足语
·语法要点：
1.after + 动名词短语作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句 After she had been absent...
2.并列谓语：returned 和 instructed，由 and 连接，共用主语 my aunt
3.固定搭配：be absent from sth.（缺席 / 离开某地）；instruct sb. to do sth.（吩咐 / 命令某人做某事）；a party of guests（一群客人）
·释义：姑妈离开 “山墙庄园” 一周后，一天下午她突然带着一群客人回来了，吩咐贝西准备晚餐。
20. Not only was the meal well below the usual standard, but Bessie seemed unable to walk steadily.
·句子类型：并列句（not only...but also... 结构，此处 also 省略）
·核心结构：Not only + 部分倒装句, but + 陈述句
·语法要点：
1.not only 位于句首时，其引导的分句需部分倒装，将系动词 was 提前，正常语序为 The meal was not only well below the usual standard
2.固定搭配：below the usual standard（低于平常的水准）；seem unable to do sth.（似乎无法做某事）；walk steadily（走稳路）
·释义：饭菜不仅远不如平时的水准，贝西还好像站不稳似的。
21. She bumped into the furniture and kept mumbling about the guests.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 + 并列谓语1 + 宾语 + 并列谓语2 + 宾语
·语法要点：
1.并列谓语：bumped into 和 kept mumbling，由 and 连接，共用主语 she
2.固定搭配：bump into sth.（撞上某物）；keep doing sth.（持续做某事）；mumble about sb./sth.（嘟囔着说某人 / 某事）
·释义：她一会儿撞到家具上，一会儿又不停地嘟囔着客人的事。
22. When she came in with the last course — a huge pudding — she tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air, narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table with considerable force.
·句子类型：复合句（含时间状语从句的并列复合句）
·核心结构：When 引导的时间状语从句, 主句1 + and + 主句2（含三个并列谓语）
·语法要点：
1.when 引导时间状语从句，表 “当…… 的时候”
2.破折号中间的 a huge pudding 为同位语，解释说明 the last course
3.主句 2 中三个并列谓语：went flying、narrowly missed、crashed，由 and 连接，描述布丁的动作
4.固定搭配：trip on sth.（被某物绊倒）；go flying through the air（飞出去）；narrowly miss sb./sth.（险些撞到 / 错过某人 / 某物）；crash on sth. with force（重重地摔在某物上）
·释义：当她端着最后一道菜 —— 一个巨大的布丁 —— 进来时，在地毯上绊了一跤，布丁飞了出去，差点砸到姑妈，重重地摔在了餐桌上。
23. Though this caused great mirth among the guests, Aunt Harriet was horrified.
·句子类型：复合句（含让步状语从句的主从复合句）
·核心结构：Though 引导的让步状语从句, 主句
·语法要点：
1.though 引导让步状语从句，表 “尽管”
2.名词 mirth（欢笑、欢乐）；形容词 horrified（惊恐的、震惊的）作表语
·释义：客人们都乐坏了，可哈丽特姑妈却吓坏了。
24. She reluctantly came to the conclusion that Bessie was drunk.
·句子类型：复合句（含同位语从句的主从复合句）
·核心结构：主句 + 先行词 + that 引导的同位语从句
·语法要点：
1.that 引导同位语从句，解释说明先行词 conclusion 的具体内容，that 在从句中不作成分，不可省略
2.固定搭配：come to the conclusion that...（得出…… 的结论）；副词 reluctantly（不情愿地）修饰动词 came
·释义：她不得不不情愿地得出结论：贝西喝醉了。
25. The guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe, had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement.
·句子类型：复合句（含时间状语从句的并列句）
·核心结构：主句1 + and + 主句2（含时间状语）
o主句 1：The guests had realized this from the moment + 定语从句
o主句 2：long before the final catastrophe, had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement
·语法要点：
1.from the moment (that) 引导时间状语从句，表 “从…… 那一刻起”，that 常省略
2.过去完成时 had realized 和had had，表示动作发生在过去的过去（在贝西端布丁之前）
3.固定搭配：have a difficult time (in) doing sth.（做某事很费劲）；conceal sth.（隐藏、掩饰某物）；final catastrophe（最后的闹剧 / 灾难，此处指布丁摔在桌上的事）
·释义：当然，客人们从贝西开门那一刻就看出来了，早在这场闹剧发生前，他们就费了好大的劲才忍住不笑出来。
26. The poor girl was dismissed instantly.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 + 被动语态谓语 + 状语
·语法要点：
1.一般过去时的被动语态 was dismissed（被解雇）
2.副词 instantly（立刻、马上）作状语，修饰动词 dismissed
·释义：可怜的姑娘立刻被解雇了。
27. After her departure, Aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie’s wardrobe.
·句子类型：复合句（含宾语从句 + 宾语从句的主从复合句）
·核心结构：介词短语作状语, 主句 + that 引导的宾语从句（含 what 引导的宾语从句）
o主句：Aunt Harriet discovered [that 从句]
o宾语从句 1：that there were piles of empty wine bottles...neatly stacked in [what 从句]
o宾语从句 2：what had once been Bessie’s wardrobe（作介词 in 的宾语）
·语法要点：
1.after + 名词短语作时间状语，相当于 After she departed
2.that 引导宾语从句，作 discovered 的宾语，从句中用 there be 句型
3.过去分词短语 neatly stacked 作后置定语，修饰 wine bottles，相当于 which were neatly stacked
4.what 引导宾语从句，作介词 in 的宾语，意为 “…… 的地方 / 东西”，此处指 “曾经是贝西衣柜的地方”
5.固定搭配：piles of sth.（一堆堆的某物）；of all shapes and sizes（各种形状和大小的）；neatly stacked（整齐地堆放着）
·释义：她走后，哈丽特姑妈发现，原来贝西的衣柜里整整齐齐地堆着各种形状、各种大小的空酒瓶。
28. They had mysteriously found their way there from the wine cellar!
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语
·语法要点：
1.过去完成时 had found，表示动作发生在 discovered 之前
2.固定搭配：find one's way to/into/from sth.（不知怎么来到 / 进入 / 从……出来），此处用反语，暗示贝西偷了酒
3.副词 mysteriously（神秘地、莫名其妙地）修饰动词 found，增强讽刺意味
·释义：这些酒瓶神不知鬼不觉地从酒窖跑到了这里！
词汇分析：
一、核心词汇
1.ideal /aɪˈdɪəl/adj. 理想的；完美无瑕的
2.servant /ˈsɜːvənt/n. 仆人；佣人；雇员
3.air /eə/v. 公开发表（观点、意见）；通风 n. 空气
4.leisurely /ˈleʒəli/adj. 悠闲的；从容不迫的
5.rambling /ˈræmblɪŋ/adj. 布局凌乱的；散漫延伸的
6.sentimentally /ˌsentɪˈmentəli/adv. 感情上地；多愁善感地
7.persist /pəˈsɪst/v. 坚持；执意；固执
8.entertain /ˌentəˈteɪn/v. 款待；设宴招待；娱乐
9.lavishly /ˈlævɪʃli/adv. 奢华地；铺张地；大方地
10.immaculate /ɪˈmækjələt/adj. 一尘不染的；完美无缺的
11.parquet /ˈpɑːkeɪ/n. 镶木地板
12.polished /ˈpɒlɪʃt/adj. 擦亮的；抛光的；精致的
13.gleaming /ˈɡliːmɪŋ/adj. 闪闪发光的；锃亮的
14.miraculously /məˈrækjələsli/adv. 奇迹般地；不可思议地
15.invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəbl/adj. 看不见的；无形的
16.scrub /skrʌb/v. 擦洗；刷洗
17.shifting /ˈʃɪftɪŋ/adj. 流动的；变动的；飘忽不定的
18.frequency /ˈfriːkwənsi/n. 频率；频繁
19.pursue /pəˈsjuː/v. 奉行；追求；从事
20.enlightened /ɪnˈlaɪtnd/adj. 开明的；有见识的
21.fickleness /ˈfɪklnəs/n. 反复无常；善变
22.unrelenting /ˌʌnrɪˈlentɪŋ/adj. 不懈的；不松懈的
23.industriousness /ɪnˈdʌstriəsnəs/n. 勤奋；勤勉
24.efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/n. 效率；效能
25.qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 资质；长处；资格
26.unexpectedly /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/adv. 意外地；突然地
27.steadily /ˈstedɪli/adv. 平稳地；稳稳地
28.mumble /ˈmʌmbl/v. 嘟囔；含糊不清地说话
29.trip /trɪp/v. 绊倒；失足 n. 旅行
30.narrowly /ˈnærəʊli/adv. 险些；勉强；狭窄地
31.mirth /mɜːθ/n. 欢笑；欢乐；嬉笑
32.horrified /ˈhɒrɪfaɪd/adj. 惊恐的；惊骇的
33.reluctantly /rɪˈlʌktəntli/adv. 不情愿地；勉强地
34.conceal /kənˈsiːl/v. 掩饰；隐藏；隐瞒
35.amusement /əˈmjuːzmənt/n. 笑意；乐趣；娱乐
36.dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/v. 解雇；开除；不予理会
37.instantly /ˈɪnstəntli/adv. 立刻；马上
38.departure /dɪˈpɑːtʃə/n. 离开；离去
39.neatly /niːtli/adv. 整齐地；整洁地
40.mysteriously /mɪˈstɪəriəsli/adv. 神秘地；莫名其妙地
二、高级搭配
1.air one’s views on sth.
释义：就某事发表看法 / 阐明观点
精讲：书面高级表达，替代简单的express one’s opinion on，雅思写作、作文高分搭配。
2.be sentimentally attached to sth.
释义：对某物怀有深厚感情；依恋、眷恋
精讲：情感类高级固定短语，多用于人、故居、故土、旧物。
3.persist in doing sth.
释义：坚持做某事；执意做某事
精讲：含固执、不听劝阻意味；区别insist on doing（坚持主张）。
4.keep sth. free from dust/damage
释义：使某物免受灰尘 / 损害
精讲：经典万能结构，写作可套用：keep A free from B 使 A 远离 B。
5.preside over
释义：掌管；主持；统领
精讲：正式书面语，可用于管理团队、主持会议、掌管家务。
6.refer to A as B
释义：把 A 称作 B；将 A 视为 B
精讲：超高频语法搭配，阅读理解、写作必考。
7.with such frequency that…
释义：如此频繁以至于……
精讲：such + 名词 + that 结果状语从句经典句式。
8.in that
释义：因为；由于；在于
精讲：高级连词，正式文体，引导原因状语从句，比 because 更书面。
9.be difficult to please
释义：难以取悦；挑剔难伺候
精讲：人物性格描写万能搭配，口语写作通用。
10.carry on a search for…
释义：坚持不懈地寻找……
精讲：carry on 表“持续、不中断”，正式书面表达。
11.to the end of one’s days
释义：直到终老；一辈子
精讲：文学性高级表达，替代 all one’s life。
12.be disillusioned by sb./sth.
释义：对…… 幻想破灭；对…… 彻底失望
精讲：人物心理描写高分短语。
13.gain one’s confidence
释义：赢得某人的信任
精讲：人际、职场、故事类作文常用。
14.put sb. in charge of sth.
释义：任命某人负责某事；让某人主管
精讲：管理、职场、叙事类必背搭配。
15.cannot find words to do sth.
释义：无以言表；难以用言语形容
精讲：情感抒发万能高级句式，作文加分。
16.in addition to
释义：除…… 之外还有
精讲：替代 besides，正式书面衔接词。
17.act the role of…
释义：充当；扮演；表现得像……
精讲：人物身份、角色描写专用。
18.be absent from
释义：缺席；不在；离开
精讲：校园、职场、日常通用高频搭配。
19.instruct sb. to do sth.
释义：吩咐 / 指示 / 命令某人做某事
精讲：正式指令表达，比 tell sb. to do 更高级。
20.be well below the usual standard
释义：远低于平常水准
精讲：评价类万能搭配，可用于食物、服务、成绩、作品。
21.bump into sth.
释义：撞上某物；偶遇某人
精讲：本义物理碰撞，引申 “偶遇”。
22.keep doing sth.
释义：不停地做某事；反复做某事
23.come to the conclusion that…
释义：得出…… 的结论
精讲：议论文、推理、总结段万能句式。
24.have a difficult time doing sth.
释义：费劲做某事；好不容易才……
精讲：口语写作通用，省略介词 in。
25.find one’s way to/from…
释义：莫名抵达；不知怎么跑到……
精讲：文学拟人用法，课文带讽刺幽默色彩。
三、拓展搭配
1. 与 ideal 搭配
·ideal candidate 理想人选
·ideal solution 完美解决方案
·ideal environment 理想环境
2. 与 persist 拓展
·persist in one’s opinion 固执己见
·persist through difficulties 不畏艰难坚持
·persistent adj. 坚持不懈的；顽固的
3. 与 entertain 拓展
·entertain guests 招待宾客
·entertain ideas 抱有想法
·entertainment n. 娱乐；消遣
4. 与 polished 拓展
·polished manners 优雅得体的举止
·polished writing 文笔老练流畅
5. 与 pursue 拓展
·pursue a career 从事某职业
·pursue a goal 追求目标
·pursue a policy 奉行政策
6. 与 enlightened 拓展
·enlightened view 开明的观点
·enlightened society 文明开明的社会
7. 与 dismiss 拓展
·dismiss an employee 辞退员工
·dismiss a suggestion 不予采纳建议
·dismiss fears 打消顾虑
8. 与 conceal 拓展
·conceal the truth 隐瞒真相
·conceal one’s feelings 掩饰情绪
9. 与 conclusion 拓展
·draw a conclusion 得出结论
·jump to a conclusion 草率下结论
·in conclusion 总之（作文结尾万能）
10. 与 frequency 拓展
·increase/reduce frequency 提高 / 降低频率
·frequent adj. 频繁的
长难句分析：
长难句 1
原句
She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband’s death.
语法结构
并列复合句
1.主句分句：She was sentimentally attached to this house
2.for并列连词，补充说明原因
3.让步状语从句：even though it was far too big for her needs
4.主句后半句：she persisted in living there
5.时间状语：long after her husband’s death
核心语法点
1.for 表原因：并列连词，不能放句首，语气比 because 弱，只做补充说明；
2.even though 引导让步状语从句：尽管……，从句用陈述语序；
3.far too + adj.固定结构：实在太……、远超……；
4.persist in doing固定搭配：坚持 / 执意做某事。
必注意易错点
·不要把 for 当成介词理解，此处是连词，连接两个完整句子；
·far too 不可说成 very too，无此用法；
·persist 后面只能接 in doing，不能接 to do。
句意
她对这栋房子感情很深，尽管房子对她来说实在太大了，但在丈夫去世后很长一段时间里，她仍执意住在那里。
长难句 2
原句
Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.
语法结构
让步状语从句 + 宾语从句 + 原因状语从句 + 主句
1.Though 引导让步从句：my aunt pursued...
2.what 宾语从句：what was an enlightened policy（插入语 in those days 隔开）
3.in that 引导原因状语从句：解释开明政策的具体含义
4.主句：she was extremely difficult to please
核心语法点
1.what 引导宾语从句：相当于the thing that，作 pursued 的宾语；
2.插入语 in those days 割裂从句，阅读时先跳过插入语抓主干；
3.in that高级原因连词：因为、在于，正式书面语；
4.allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事；
5.be difficult to please不定式主动表被动含义：难以被取悦。
必注意易错点
·in that 是固定连词，不能拆开来翻译；
·what 从句本身自带先行词，前面不能再加名词；
·形容词 + to do 结构（difficult to please），用主动形式表被动意义。
句意
虽然姑妈推行在当时算是开明的用人政策 —— 因为她从不允许佣人一天工作超过八小时 —— 但她却是个极难伺候的人。
长难句 3
原句
While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie.
语法结构
让步 / 对比状语从句 + 主句 + even after 时间状语从句
1.While 置于句首：虽然 / 尽管，表对比让步；
2.主句：she carried on an unrelenting search for...
3.时间状语：to the end of her days 直到终老；
4.even after 引导时间从句：即使在…… 之后。
核心语法点
1.While 句首表让步 = though，不是 “当……时候”；
2.carry on (doing sth./a search for)坚持持续做某事；
3.过去完成时 had been disillusioned：动作发生在主句过去动作之前，过去的过去；
4.be disillusioned by对……幻想破灭。
必注意易错点
·看到句首 While 先判断：时间还是让步；本句是让步；
·时态层级：一般过去时（criticized/carried on）→ 过去完成时（had been disillusioned），要理清先后顺序。
句意
她一边总是指责人性的反复无常，一边又毕生不懈地寻找完美佣人，即便在被贝西伤透心、幻想破灭之后也依然如此。
长难句 4
原句
During that time she so gained my aunt’s confidence, that she was put in charge of the domestic staff.
语法结构
so…that… 结果状语从句
1.主句：she so gained my aunt’s confidence
2.that 引导结果从句：that she was put in charge of...
核心语法点
1.so + 动词 + that结构：如此…… 以至于……
常规是 so + adj./adv.，本句 so 修饰整个动词动作，表程度；
2.被动语态 was put in charge of被任命主管……；
3.gain one’s confidence赢得信任。
必注意易错点
·不要误以为 so 只能修饰形容词副词，可修饰动词表程度；
·put sb. in charge of 固定短语，介词只能用of。
句意
在那段时间里，她深得姑妈的信任，以至于被提拔总管家中佣人事务。
长难句 5
原句
When she came in with the last course — a huge pudding — she tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air, narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table with considerable force.
语法结构
时间状语从句 + 并列主谓 + 三个并列谓语
1.When 时间状语从句；
2.破折号中间a huge pudding作同位语，解释 the last course；
3.主句两层并列：
① she tripped...
② the pudding went flying... , narrowly missed... , and crashed...
核心语法点
1.同位语用破折号插入，补充说明名词，不影响句子主干；
2.三个并列谓语连用：went flying /narrowly missed /crashed，描写连贯动作；
3.go flying惯用表达：飞出去、摔飞出去；
4.narrowly miss险些撞到、差一点就撞上。
必注意易错点
·长句先找主句主语：先有 she，后切换主语 the pudding；
·并列谓语不需要重复主语，直接动词连用；
·narrowly 此处不是 “狭窄地”，是 “险些、差一点”。
句意
当她端着最后一道菜 —— 一大块布丁 —— 走进来时，在地毯上绊了一跤，布丁一下子飞了出去，险些砸到姑妈，然后重重摔落在餐桌上。
长难句 6
原句
The guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe, had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement.
语法结构
并列句 + from the moment 时间状语从句 + 固定句型
1.插入语 of course 分隔主谓；
2.from the moment (that)引导时间状语从句：从…… 那一刻起；
3.并列谓语：had realized... and had had...
4.have a difficult time (doing)固定句型。
核心语法点
1.过去完成时连用 had realized /had had，动作都发生在布丁出事之前；
2.插入语割裂句子主干，读长难句技巧：先跳过插入语抓主谓；
3.have a difficult time doing做某事很费劲，中间省略介词 in。
必注意易错点
·had had 是have 的过去完成时：第一个 had 助动词，第二个 had 实义动词；
·固定句型不能说 have a difficult time to do，只能doing。
句意
当然，客人们从贝西开门的那一刻就已经看出了端倪，而且早在这场尴尬闹剧发生之前，他们就已费尽周折强忍笑意、不露声色。
长难句 7
原句
After her departure, Aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie’s wardrobe.
语法结构
介词短语状语 + 主句 + that 宾语从句 + what 宾语从句
1.After her departure 时间状语；
2.that 引导宾语从句，从句内含 there be 句型；
3.neatly stacked过去分词作后置定语，修饰 wine bottles；
4.what 引导宾语从句，作介词 in 的宾语。
核心语法点
1.过去分词作后置定语：stacked = which were stacked；
2.what 从句作介词宾语：what = the place that；
3.piles of + 名词成堆的……；
4.of all shapes and sizes作后置定语：各式各样的。
必注意易错点
·后置定语扎堆（of all shapes and sizes /neatly stacked），要学会从后往前翻译；
·what 从句作介词 in 的宾语，是高频语法考点。
句意
贝西离开后，哈丽特姑妈发现，在原本是贝西衣柜的地方，整整齐齐堆放着一大堆各式各样大小不一的空酒瓶。
课文句型：
句式 1
课文原句
It is a good thing my aunt Harriet died years ago.
句型框架
It is a good thing + (that) 完整陈述句
这事好在……；庆幸的是……
套用替换
把后面从句随意换成任何现象 / 观点，万能开篇、感慨句式。
仿写例句
It is a good thing we have realized the importance of protecting the environment.
例句翻译
庆幸的是，我们已经意识到了保护环境的重要性。
句式 2
课文原句
She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there.
句型框架
Sb. be attached to sth, for even though..., sb. still persists in doing...
某人对某物怀有深厚感情，尽管……，依然执意坚持……
套用替换
替换：人、事物、理由、行为，可用于亲情、故土、坚持理想类作文。
仿写例句
Many people are attached to their hometown, for even though it is far less prosperous than big cities, they persist in living there.
例句翻译
许多人眷恋自己的家乡，尽管它远不如大城市繁华，他们依然执意定居于此。
句式 3
课文原句
Though sb. pursued an enlightened policy, he was extremely difficult to please.
句型框架
Though sb. pursues a positive attitude/policy, he is still difficult to please / satisfy.
尽管某人秉持开明 / 积极的做法，却依旧很难被取悦 / 很难满足。
套用替换
可用于写人物性格、管理者、父母、师长等人物描写作文。
仿写例句
Though the teacher pursues a tolerant teaching style, he is extremely difficult to satisfy in academic work.
例句翻译
这位老师虽然秉持宽容的教学风格，但在学业要求上却极难让人达标。
句式 4
课文原句
In addition to all her other qualifications, Bessie was an expert cook.
句型框架
In addition to all one’s other advantages/qualifications, sb. is also excellent at...
某人除了拥有诸多优点之外，还在…… 方面十分擅长。
套用替换
万能人物介绍句式，写人作文、自我介绍、人物评价直接套用。
仿写例句
In addition to all his other strengths, the young man is an expert at solving practical problems.
例句翻译
这位年轻人除了具备诸多优点之外，还十分擅长解决实际问题。
句式 5
课文原句
She reluctantly came to the conclusion that Bessie was drunk.
句型框架
Sb. reluctantly comes to the conclusion that + 完整从句
某人不得不 / 不情愿地得出这样一个结论：……
套用替换
议论文、现象分析、故事结尾万能总结句。
仿写例句
We reluctantly come to the conclusion that laziness will ruin one’s future.
例句翻译
我们不得不得出这样一个结论：懒惰会毁掉一个人的未来。
