Lesson 4 Seeing hands
课文：
1. Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls.
·句子类型：复合句（被动语态 + 定语从句）
·核心结构：主语 (Several cases)+ 被动谓语 (have been reported)+ 地点 / 时间状语 (in Russia recently)+ 定语 (of people…)+ 定语从句 (who can read…and see through…)
·语法要点：
①主语后置定语of people…walls因过长后置，避免头重脚轻，修饰 cases；
②who引导定语从句，先行词为 people，从句含read and detect… and see through并列谓语；
③with their fingers为方式状语，through solid doors and walls为地点 / 方式状语。
·释义：俄罗斯最近报道了几例有人能用手指读书识字、辨认颜色，甚至能透过坚固的门和墙看见东西的事例。
2. One case concerns an 11-year-old schoolgirl Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 两个并列定语从句）
·核心结构：主语 (One case)+ 谓语 (concerns)+ 宾语 (an 11-year-old schoolgirl…)+ 同位语 (Vera Petrova)+ 并列定语从句 (who has…but who can also perceive…)
·语法要点：
①but连接两个who引导的并列定语从句，先行词为 Vera Petrova；
②with different parts of her skin与through solid walls为并列方式状语，修饰 perceive；
③11-year-old复合形容词作前置定语。
·释义：有一个案例关于 11 岁女学生维拉・彼托洛娃，她视力正常，却还能用皮肤不同部位感知物体，甚至能穿透坚固的墙壁。
3. This ability was first noticed by her father.
·句子类型：简单句（一般过去时被动语态）
·核心结构：主语 (This ability)+ 被动谓语 (was first noticed)+ 状语 (by her father)
·语法要点：by引出动作执行者，first为副词作状语。
·释义：她父亲最先注意到这种能力。
4. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe.
·句子类型：简单句（并列谓语）
·核心结构：状语 (One day)+ 主语 (she)+ 并列谓语 (came into…and happened to put…)+ 宾语 (his office /her hands…)
·语法要点：and连接came into与happened to put两个并列谓语；locked过去分词作定语修饰 safe。
·释义：一天，她走进父亲的办公室，碰巧把手放在一个上锁保险柜的门上。
5. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles.
·句子类型：复合句（宾语从句 + 定语从句）
·核心结构：状语 (Suddenly)+ 主语 (she)+ 并列谓语 (asked…and described)+ 间接宾语 (her father)+ 宾语从句 (why…)+ 宾语 (the way)+ 定语从句 (they were done up…)
·语法要点：
①why引导宾语从句，作 asked 的宾语；
②locked away过去分词短语作宾语补足语；
③the way后省略that/in which的定语从句they were done up in bundles。
·释义：她突然问父亲为什么把那么多旧报纸锁在那里，甚至还描述了报纸被捆扎成束的样子。
6. Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic.
·句子类型：并列复合句（被动语态 + 宾语从句）
·核心结构：分句 1 (Vera's curious talent was brought…)+ 分句 2 (and she was given…)
·语法要点：
①and连接两个被动语态并列句；
②near where she lives中where引导宾语从句，作 near 的宾语；
③ **bring…to the notice of…** 为固定搭配，表示 “使…… 引起…… 注意”。
·释义：维拉的奇特才能引起了她家附近乌里扬诺夫斯克市一家科研机构的注意，4 月，俄罗斯联邦共和国卫生部特别委员会对她进行了一系列测试。
7. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it.
·句子类型：并列复合句
·核心结构：分句 1 (she was able to read…)+ 分句 2 (she was able to describe…)
·语法要点：
①and连接并列句，stranger still为插入语；
② **by moving…** 为方式状语；
③printed on it过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 figures and colours。
·释义：测试中，她能隔着不透明屏幕读报纸；更奇怪的是，用肘部在儿童乐透纸牌上划过，就能说出印在上面的数字和颜色。
8. And, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet.
·句子类型：简单句（省略结构 + 非谓语）
·核心结构：状语 (in another instance)+ 伴随状语 (wearing…)+ 主语 (she 省略)+ 谓语 (to make out…)+ 宾语 (the outlines and colours…)
·语法要点：
①承前省略主语she与was able；
② **wearing…** 现在分词作伴随状语；
③hidden under a carpet过去分词短语作定语。
·释义：还有一次，她穿着长袜和拖鞋，能用脚辨认出藏在地毯下一幅画的轮廓与颜色。
9. Other experiments showed that her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity.
·句子类型：复合句（宾语从句）
·核心结构：主语 (Other experiments)+ 谓语 (showed)+ 宾语从句 (that her knees and shoulders had…)
·语法要点：that引导宾语从句，作 showed 的宾语。
·释义：其他实验表明，她的膝盖和肩膀也有类似的感知力。
10. During all these tests Vera was blindfold; and indeed, except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin.
·句子类型：并列复合句（时间状语从句）
·核心结构：分句 1 (Vera was blindfold)+ 分句 2 (she lacked the ability…)
·语法要点：
①except when blindfold为except when (she was) blindfold省略结构；
②to perceive things with her skin不定式作后置定语修饰 ability。
·释义：所有测试中维拉都被蒙住眼睛；事实上，不蒙眼时，她就失去用皮肤感知物体的能力。
11. It was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.
·句子类型：复合句（主语从句 + 让步状语从句 + 时间状语从句）
·核心结构：形式主语 (It)+ 被动谓语 (was also found)+ 主语从句 (that although…this ability ceased…)
·语法要点：
①It为形式主语，真正主语是that从句；
②although引导让步状语从句；
③the moment引导时间状语从句，意为“一…… 就……”。
·释义：研究还发现，尽管她能用手指感知物体，但双手一湿，这种能力就立刻消失。
词汇：
一、核心词汇
1.case /keɪs/n. 事例；情况
o搭配：several cases 几个事例；one case 一个案例
o课文：Several cases have been reported…
2.report /rɪˈpɔːt/v. 报道；报告
o搭配：be reported 被报道
o拓展：reporter n. 记者
3.detect /dɪˈtekt/v. 察觉；发现；辨认
o搭配：detect colours 辨认颜色
o拓展：detection n. 察觉；探测
4.solid /ˈsɒlɪd/adj. 坚固的；实心的
o搭配：solid doors 坚固的门；solid walls 厚实的墙
5.concern /kənˈsɜːn/v. 涉及；关于
o课文：One case concerns an 11-year-old girl…
6.normal /ˈnɔːml/adj. 正常的
o搭配：normal vision 正常视力
7.perceive /pəˈsiːv/v. 感知；察觉；看见
o搭配：perceive things 感知事物
o拓展：perception n. 感知能力
8.notice /ˈnəʊtɪs/v. 注意到 n. 注意
o搭配：bring sth. to the notice of… 使…… 引起注意
9.happen /ˈhæpən/v. 碰巧；发生
o搭配：happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
10.describe /dɪˈskraɪb/v. 描述
o搭配：describe the way 描述方式
o拓展：description n. 描述
11.curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/adj. 奇特的；好奇的
o搭配：curious talent 奇特的天赋
12.institute /ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/n. 机构；研究所
o搭配：scientific research institute 科研院所
13.series /ˈsɪəriːz/n. 一系列
o搭配：a series of tests 一系列测试
14.commission /kəˈmɪʃn/n. 委员会
15.opaque /əʊˈpeɪk/adj. 不透明的
o搭配：an opaque screen 不透明的屏幕
16.elbow /ˈelbəʊ/n. 肘部
17.figure /ˈfɪɡə/n. 数字；图形
18.instance /ˈɪnstəns/n. 例子；事例
o搭配：in another instance 还有一次
19.outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/n. 轮廓
20.hidden /ˈhɪdn/adj. 隐藏的
o搭配：hidden under… 藏在…… 下面
21.similar /ˈsɪmələ/adj. 相似的
o搭配：similar sensitivity 相似的敏感度
22.sensitivity /ˌsensəˈtɪvəti/n. 敏感度；感知力
o拓展：sensitive adj. 敏感的
23.blindfold /ˈblaɪndfəʊld/adj. 被蒙住眼睛的 v. 蒙眼
24.lack /læk/v. 缺乏；没有
25.cease /siːs/v. 停止；消失
二、高级固定搭配
1.be reported被报道
o用法：被动语态，表“某事被报道”
o例句：Several cases have been reported in Russia.
2.detect colours with fingers用手指辨认颜色
o用法：with + 身体部位表方式
3.see through solid doors/walls穿透坚固的门 / 墙
o用法：see through 看穿、透过…… 看见
4.happen to do sth.碰巧做某事
o用法：happen 后接不定式
o例句：She happened to put her hands on the door.
5.lock sth. away把…… 锁起来
o用法：副词 away 表 “收好、藏起”
6.be done up in bundles被捆扎成束
o用法：do up 捆扎；in bundles 成束地
7.bring sth. to the notice of…使…… 引起…… 的注意
o用法：固定高级短语
8.a series of一系列
o用法：后接复数名词
9.stranger still更为奇怪的是
o用法：插入语，用于递进强调
10.make out辨认出；看出
o用法：make out sth. 辨认某物
o例句：She could make out the outlines.
11.the moment一…… 就……
o用法：引导时间状语从句，连词功能
12.except when除非在…… 时候；除了当…… 时
o用法：引导状语从句，可省略主语与 be 动词
三、拓展高频搭配
1.second sight第二视力；超感知能力
2.normal vision正常视力
3.different parts of the skin皮肤的不同部位
4.a locked safe上锁的保险柜
5.old newspapers旧报纸
6.scientific research institute科研机构
7.Ministry of Health卫生部
8.special commission特别委员会
9.child’s game of Lotto儿童乐透纸牌游戏
10.printed figures and colours印上去的数字和颜色
11.wear stockings and slippers穿着长袜和拖鞋
12.hidden under a carpet藏在地毯下面
13.blindfold test蒙眼测试
14.lack the ability to do缺乏做…… 的能力
15.perceive things with skin用皮肤感知物体
16.wet hands湿手
17.cease to do停止做……
句型：
1. 被动引出现象 / 发现（作文开头 / 描述事实万能）
课文原句
Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers.
可套用句型
Several cases have been reported in + 地点 recently of people/things that + 能力 / 特点.
作文套用示例
Several cases have been reported in cities recently of students who can improve memory by regular exercise.
翻译：最近城市里已有多例报道，学生可以通过规律运动提升记忆力。
2. 描述 “某事物具有某种能力 / 特点”（介绍人物 / 事物万能）
课文原句
She has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin.
可套用句型
Sb./Sth. has + 普通特点, but can also + 特殊能力 / 优势.
套用示例
He has ordinary grades but can also solve difficult problems in creative ways.
翻译：他成绩普通，却能用创新方法解决难题。
3. 引出 “某事被注意 / 重视”（作文过渡高级句）
课文原句
Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute.
可套用句型
Sb.'s + 优点 / 能力 was brought to the notice of 机构 / 人群.
套用示例
His quick thinking was brought to the notice of his teachers and classmates.
翻译：他思维敏捷的特点引起了老师和同学的注意。
4. “更奇怪 / 更重要的是”（作文递进加分句）
课文原句
Stranger still, by moving her elbow over a game she was able to describe the figures on it.
可套用句型
Stranger/More importantly/More surprisingly still, by doing sth., sb. can + 结果.
套用示例
More importantly still, by reading widely, we can open our minds to new ideas.
翻译：更重要的是，通过广泛阅读，我们能接触新思想、开阔眼界。
5. “一…… 就……”（时间状语从句高级句）
课文原句
This ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.
可套用句型
Sth. will happen/cease the moment + 条件发生.
套用示例
Bad habits will disappear the moment we start to stick to good rules.
翻译：一旦我们开始坚持良好规则，坏习惯就会消失。
