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Section Ⅲ Reading and Thinking
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the text?
A．The history of the United Kingdom.
B．The geography of the United Kingdom.
C．The people of the United Kingdom.
D．The politics of the United Kingdom.
答案 A
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
1．Which is the right order of the following events?
①Scotland was joined.
②The Kingdom of Ireland was added.
③Wales was joined.
④The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland came into being.
⑤The southern part of Ireland broke away.
A．①③②⑤④B．③②①⑤④
C．①③⑤②④D．③①②⑤④
答案 D
2．In which area do the four countries work together?
A．The flag.
B．The legal system.
C．The national dishes.
D．The education system.
答案 A
3．Which of the following is the achievement of the Normans?
A．Building towns and roads.
B．Changing the legal system.
C．Leaving behind lots of Roman vocabulary.
D．Changing the way of building houses.
答案 B
4．What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history of the UK?
A．Neutral.B．Indifferent.
C．Supportive.D．Doubtful.
答案 C
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by 1.what these different names mean.The countries Wales and Scotland 2.were joined(join) to the Kingdom of England in the 16th and 18th centuries respectively.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally，the southern part of Ireland 3.broke(break) away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today.However，most people just use the 4.shortened(shorten) name: the UK.The four countries 5.that/which belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.
There were four sets of 6.invaders(invade) and the last group were the Normans.They had castles built all around England and made changes 7.to the legal system.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much 8.more enjoyable(enjoy)．The capital city London is 9.an ancient port city that has a history 10.dating(date) back to Roman times.
Ⅰ.补句子 析结构
1．The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused(confuse) by what these different names mean.(P40 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是复合句。what引导的从句作介词by的宾语，what在从句中作mean的宾语。
汉语翻译：联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——这些不同的名称是何意思，许多人感到困惑。
2．Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve/to solve(solve) this puzzle.(P40 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是简单句。动名词短语Getting to know...history在句中作主语。
汉语翻译：稍微了解一下英国历史可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
3．Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke(break) away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(P40 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，其中we have today是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰the full name。
汉语翻译：最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
4．People from the UK are called(call) “British”，which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.(P40 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容；means后面是省略that的宾语从句。
汉语翻译：联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。
5．The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas(area)．(P40 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰The four countries，that在从句中作主语。
汉语翻译：同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
6．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence (defend)．(P40 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是简单句。known as...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰flag，可在前面加which is变成定语从句；as well as并列两个谓语动词use和share。
汉语翻译：像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为“联合杰克”的国旗。
7．Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded(surround) by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.(P40 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是复合句。everywhere意为“无论哪里，到处”，引导地点状语从句；who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。
汉语翻译：英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。
8．They introduced(introduce) the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.(P40 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是复合句。people built houses是省略了引导词that或in which的定语从句，修饰the way。
汉语翻译：他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
9．There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.(P41 Para.5)
结构分析：此句中的There is so much more to learn是“There be＋主语＋to do”结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。
汉语翻译：英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。
10．The capital city London is a great place to start(start)，as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.(P41 Para.5)
结构分析：此句是复合句。as引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰an ancient port city; dating all the way back to Roman times是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a history。
汉语翻译：以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
11．If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.(P41 Para.5)
结构分析：此句是复合句。if引导条件状语从句；that引导宾语从句。
汉语翻译：如果用心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。
Ⅱ.研典句 学用法
if条件状语从句的省略形式
So what is the difference between them，if any? (P40 Para.1)
那么，如果它们(这些名称)有区别的话，区别何在？
结构分析：此句是复合句。句中if any是if条件状语从句的省略形式，意为“如果有的话”。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————类似的结构还有：
if so如果这样的话
if not如果不这样的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果有可能的话
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
(1)(应用文写作之邀请信)我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空，咱们一起参加我校的音乐节吧。
I’m wondering if you are available at the weekend.If so，let’s attend the music festival in my school.
(2)(应用文写作之求助信)我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。
There may be some mistakes in my composition.If any，please help me point them out.
(3)如果可能的话，试着每天在同一时间睡觉和起床来保持健康。
If possible，try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day to be in shape.
(4)如果有需要，你可以随时和我聊天。
If necessary，you can chat with me at any time.
(5)你有什么问题吗？如果没有，让我们现在立即采取行动吧。
Do you have any questions? If not，let’s take immediate action now.
“have sth done”结构
They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.(P41 Para.4)
他们征服
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