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周易学习笔记:比卦(上)水地比

  • 2026-02-05 09:24:52
周易学习笔记:比卦(上)水地比
如图
原文：
“比，吉。原筮，元永贞，无咎。不宁方来，后夫凶。
“初六：有孚，比之，无咎。有孚盈缶，终来有它，吉。
“六二：比之自内，贞吉。
“六三：比之匪人。”
对于以上内容，我的理解是：
首先看图。“比”是坤下坎上，水从地面流过的样子。而“比”则是“在一起”的意思。水洒在地面，与大地相互渗透，合为一体，可不就是紧紧黏在一起（“比”）了吗？
不过“比”不一定是什么好事。如果人与人只是“比”而不是“周”，只是在一起取乐解闷而不是进取，那只是浪费光阴罢了。正如孔子所说：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周。”“比”并不是君子之道，我个人对“比”并不完全持支持意见。
“比”的行为，很吉利，正所谓“多个朋友多条路”，与别人黏在一起是有利的。所以说“比，吉”。
“原筮”是什么意思，我也不好说，不过“筮”是算卦的意思，考虑到有这么一层迷信因素在内，我们就跳过这个词不去解读了。如果在交朋友时（“比”的时候）从一开始就心怀忠正，并能始终如一地保持住自己的风度，那就不会犯下大错。所以说“原筮，元永贞，无咎”。
至于“不宁方来”的含义，也实在难以推测，而且我没找到令我信服的说法。根据后文“后夫凶”来看，应该是说有什么人出于我无法推测的原因来了，来迟的人很凶险。也许是在提醒我们交朋友不要迟到？恕我无能，只能解读到这种程度了。
如果遇到有信誉的人（“有孚”），就与他结交吧（“比之”），这么做是绝对没错的（“无咎”）。如果此人的守信程度已经已经到达了一诺千金的地步，以至于就像酒装满了酒缸一样（“有孚盈缶”），那么即使有其它变故（“终来有它”），最终的结果也是吉利的。所以说“有孚，比之，无咎。有孚盈缶，终来有它，吉”。这段话不禁让我想起一诺千金的季布，他即使多次遇到灾难也总能化险为夷，果如周易所言。
“比之自内”的含义也是众说纷纭。我认为它的意思是与别人交友掏心掏肺而不虚伪浮夸。这样做时只要坚守正道，就会吉利。所以说“比之自内，贞吉”。
有些人会交友不慎，交到匪徒——或者说道德低劣之人作为朋友。这种情况是吉是凶，周易也没说。实际上，这种事情是很复杂的，交友应当交益友，原则上不可以去“比之匪人”，但结交“匪人”这种人也并不总是不吉的，比如依附暴君李克用的人，多数都得到了庇护，因为李克用的确重情重义。考虑到现实情况的复杂性，这件事的吉凶不好判断，不过我还是认为应该尽量远离“匪人”。
总结：和别人黏在一起，是吉利的。从始至终保持对朋友忠诚，便不会犯下大错。和朋友一起做事，不要迟到。遇见有信用的人，要立即和他交友，这绝不会错。如果人的信用到了一诺千金的地步，那么即使遭到意外，也会吉利。与人交友能真心实意而不做作，坚守正道，便会吉利。有些人会交友不慎，不小心与不正派的人厮混在一起了。
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  135. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/no.67808.cn/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000693s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=no_67808;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000948s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000358s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000270s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000502s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000176s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000621s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 463492 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000501s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1770544612 WHERE `id` = 463492 [ RunTime:0.005311s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000217s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 463492 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000483s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 463492 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000485s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 463492 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000854s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 463492 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.000797s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 463492 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.003004s ]
0.090754s