Lesson 41 Illusions of pastoral peace 宁静田园生活的遐想
课文原文：
The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me.
宁静的乡村生活从来没有吸引过我。
City born and city bred, I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasionally visit during the weekend.
我生在城市，长在城市，总认为乡村是透过火车车窗看到的那个样子，或偶尔周末去游玩一下的地方。
Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country.
我的大多数朋友都住在城市，但他们只要一提起乡村，马上就会变得欣喜若狂。
Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life, only one of them has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months.
尽管他们都交口称赞宁静生活的种种好处，但其中只有一个人真的去乡下住了，可他不到六个月就又搬回了城里。
Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life.
即使是他，也依然抱有错觉，认为乡村生活不知怎么地就比城市生活优越。
He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living.
他总是说那里的人如何友善，空气如何清新，如何贴近自然，以及生活节奏如何舒缓。
Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures.
他坚持说，什么也比不上雄鸡的第一声啼鸣、黎明时分鸟儿的啁啾、朝阳在树林和牧场上闪烁的景象。
This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.
但这田园诗般的景象只是事情的一面。
My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings in front of the TV — virtually the only form of entertainment.
我的朋友没有提到那漫长而又寂寞的冬夜，人们只能守着电视机 —— 这几乎是唯一的娱乐方式。
He says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops, or about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city every day to get to work.
他也不提商店里商品种类的匮乏，或是那些不得不每天从乡下赶到城里上班的可怜人。
Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.
我实在无法理解，人们为什么愿意每天忍受 4 个小时的通勤，就为了那点说不上多好的 “乡村生活特权”。
They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.
如果他们选择住在本该属于他们的城市里，就能免去这么多的痛苦和开销。
If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.
如果你能舍弃那点田园生活的乐趣，你会发现城市能提供生活所能给予的一切美好。
You never have to travel miles to see your friends.
你永远不必长途跋涉去看望朋友。
They invariably live nearby and are always available for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment.
他们总是住在附近，随时可以和你闲聊，或是一起参加晚间的娱乐活动。
Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat.
我在乡下的一些熟人，每年会进城一两次，把去剧院看戏当作一种特殊的享受。
For them this is a major operation which involves considerable planning.
对他们来说，这可是件大事，需要精心策划一番。
As the play draws to its close, they wonder whether they will ever catch that last train home.
当演出接近尾声时，他们就开始担心是否能赶上回家的最后一班火车。
The city dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort.
而城市居民从来不会有这种焦虑。
The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away.
最新的展览、电影、戏剧，坐几站公交车就到了。
Shopping, too, is always a pleasure.
购物也总是一件乐事。
There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best.
商品种类如此丰富，你永远都不用勉强买次等货。
Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the exotic items as they can carry.
乡下人进城购物时会疯狂采购，拎着一大堆稀奇古怪的东西摇摇晃晃地回家。
Nor is the city without its moments of beauty.
城市也并非没有它美妙的时刻。
There is something comforting about the warm glow shed by advertisements on cold winter nights.
寒冬夜晚，广告灯箱散发出的温暖光芒，会给人一种慰藉。
Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends when the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country.
周末，当成千上万每天进城上班的人都回到了乡下的家中，空旷的城市街道上笼罩着一种宁静，没有什么比这更令人难忘的了。
It has always been a mystery to me why city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country.
我一直觉得很奇怪，那些明明享受着这一切的城市居民，为什么还要固执地假装自己更喜欢住在乡下。
课文分析
1. The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓宾结构，主动语态）
·核心结构：Subject (The quiet life of the country) +Predicate (has never appealed to) + Object (me)
·语法要点：
现在完成时has appealed to，表示从过去到现在持续的状态（乡村生活从未吸引过我）。
固定搭配appeal to sb.，意为 “对某人有吸引力；引起某人的兴趣”。
否定副词never放在助动词has和过去分词appealed之间，是现在完成时的标准否定位置。
·释义：宁静的乡村生活从来没有吸引过我。
2. City born and city bred, I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasionally visit during the weekend.
·句子类型：陈述句（复合句，含两个定语从句）
·核心结构：Adverbial (City born and city bred) + MainClause (I have always regarded the country as something...) + two attributiveclauses (you look at... / you occasionally visit...)
·语法要点：
形容词短语作状语City born and city bred，相当于Born and bred in the city，说明主语的背景。
固定搭配regard A as B，意为 “把 A 看作 B”。
两个省略了关系代词that的定语从句：something(that) you look at...和something (that) you occasionally visit...，修饰先行词something。
现在完成时have regarded，表示从过去到现在的一贯看法。
·释义：我生在城市、长在城市，总认为乡村不过是透过火车车窗看到的风景，或是偶尔周末去游玩一下的地方。
3. Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country.
·句子类型：并列句（由连词yet连接两个分句）
·核心结构：Clause 1 (Most of my friends live in thecity) + Coordinate Conjunction (yet) + Clause 2 (they always go into rapturesat the mere mention of the country)
·语法要点：
yet是并列连词，表转折，相当于but，但语气更强。
固定搭配go into raptures (at...)，意为 “（因…… 而）欣喜若狂；变得狂喜”。
介词短语at the mere mention of...，意为 “一提到…… 就”，mere强调 “仅仅、只是”。
·释义：我的大多数朋友都住在城市，但他们只要一提起乡村，就会变得欣喜若狂。
4. Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life, only one of them has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months.
·句子类型：复合句（含让步状语从句 + 并列主句）
·核心结构：Adverbial Clause (Though they extol...) +Main Clause 1 (only one of them has ever gone...) + Coordinate Conjunction(and) + Main Clause 2 (he was back...)
·语法要点：
though引导让步状语从句，表 “尽管、虽然”，不能与but连用。
动词extol（正式用语），意为 “赞美、颂扬”，常搭配extol the virtues of...（颂扬…… 的优点）。
现在完成时has ever gone，ever用于肯定句中，强调 “迄今为止有过…… 的经历”。
并列句and he was back...，用一般过去时was back，说明过去发生的事实。
介词短语within six months，意为 “在六个月内”。
·释义：尽管他们都交口称赞宁静生活的种种好处，但其中只有一个人真的去乡下住了，可他不到六个月就又搬回了城里。
5. Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life.
·句子类型：复合句（含同位语从句）
·核心结构：Subject (Even he) + Predicate (still livesunder the illusion) + Appositive Clause (that country life is somehow superiorto town life)
·语法要点：
固定搭配live under the illusion that...，意为 “抱有…… 的错觉；误以为……”。
that引导同位语从句，解释说明抽象名词illusion的具体内容，that在从句中不充当成分。
固定搭配be superior to...，意为 “比…… 优越 / 更好”，superior本身含比较级含义，不能与more连用。
副词somehow，意为 “不知怎么地；莫名其妙地”，此处带有轻微的讽刺语气。
·释义：即使是他，也依然抱有错觉，认为乡村生活不知怎么地就比城市生活优越。
6. He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓宾结构，现在进行时表情绪）
·核心结构：Subject (He) + Predicate (is forevertalking about) + Objects (the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, thecloseness to nature and the gentle pace of living)
·语法要点：
现在进行时is talking about与副词forever连用，表示说话者的不满或不耐烦情绪，意为 “老是、总是在说”。
四个并列的名词短语作宾语，构成排比，列举他谈论的乡村优点。
固定搭配the gentle pace of living，意为 “舒缓的生活节奏”。
·释义：他总是说那里的人如何友善，空气如何清新，如何贴近自然，以及生活节奏如何舒缓。
7. Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures.
·句子类型：复合句（插入语 + 被动语态主句）
·核心结构：Subject (Nothing) + Passive Predicate (canbe compared with) + Objects (the first cockcrow, the twittering..., thesight...) + Parenthesis (he maintains)
·语法要点：
插入语he maintains，相当于he says/claims，意为 “他坚持说 / 声称”，放在句中用逗号隔开。
固定搭配be compared with...，意为 “与…… 相比”，此处为被动语态。
三个并列的名词短语作with的宾语，构成排比，强化语气。
现在分词短语glinting on the trees and pastures作后置定语，修饰the rising sun，表示 “在树林和牧场上闪烁的朝阳”。
·释义：他坚持说，什么也比不上雄鸡的第一声啼鸣、黎明时分鸟儿的啁啾、朝阳在树林和牧场上闪烁的景象。
8. This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.
·句子类型：陈述句（主系表结构）
·核心结构：Subject (This idyllic pastoral scene) +Linking Verb (is) + Predicative (only part of the picture)
·语法要点：
形容词idyllic（意为 “田园诗般的；恬静宜人的”）和pastoral（意为 “乡村的；田园风光的”）并列修饰scene。
固定习语part of the picture，意为 “事情的一部分；全貌的一部分”，此处带有转折意味，暗示还有另一面未被提及。
·释义：但这田园诗般的景象只是事情的一面。
9. My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings in front of the TV — virtually the only form of entertainment.
·句子类型：陈述句（含同位语）
·核心结构：Subject (My friend) + Predicate (fails tomention) + Object (the long and friendless winter evenings...) + Appositive(virtually the only form of entertainment)
·语法要点：
固定搭配fail to do sth.，意为 “未能做某事；没能做某事”，此处带有轻微的批评语气。
形容词friendless，意为 “无人陪伴的；孤独的”，修饰winter evenings。
破折号后的virtually the only form of entertainment是同位语，补充说明the TV，意为 “几乎是唯一的娱乐方式”，virtually意为 “实际上；几乎”。
·释义：我的朋友没有提到那漫长而又寂寞的冬夜，人们只能守着电视机 —— 这几乎是唯一的娱乐方式。
10. He says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops, or about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city every day to get to work.
·句子类型：复合句（含定语从句）
·核心结构：Subject (He) + Predicate (says nothingabout...) + two objects (the poor selection... / those unfortunate people...) +Attributive Clause (who have to travel...)
·语法要点：
固定搭配say nothing about...，意为 “对…… 只字不提”。
名词短语the poor selection of goods，意为 “商品种类的匮乏 / 选择余地小”。
who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those unfortunate people，说明这些人的身份和行为。
不定式短语to get to work作目的状语，说明travel的目的。
·释义：他也不提商店里商品种类的匮乏，或是那些不得不每天从乡下赶到城里上班的可怜人。
11. Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.
·句子类型：复合句（主语从句作主句主语）
·核心结构：Subject Clause (Why people are prepared totolerate...) + Linking Verb (is) + Predicative (beyond me)
·语法要点：
why引导主语从句，在从句中作原因状语，整个从句作主句的主语。
固定搭配be prepared to do sth.，意为 “愿意做某事；准备好做某事”。
动词tolerate，意为 “忍受；容忍”，此处指忍受漫长的通勤。
形容词dubious，意为 “可疑的；不确定的；值得怀疑的”，此处带有讽刺语气，暗示 “住在乡下的所谓‘特权’并不值得。”
固定搭配be beyond sb.，意为 “某人无法理解；超出某人的理解范围”。
·释义：我实在无法理解，人们为什么愿意每天忍受 4 个小时的通勤，就为了那点说不上多好的 “乡村生活特权”。
12. They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.
·句子类型：复合句（虚拟条件句，含定语从句）
·核心结构：Conditional Clause (if they chose tolive...) + Main Clause (They could be saved...) + Attributive Clause (wherethey rightly belong)
·语法要点：
虚拟语气（与现在事实相反）：从句用一般过去时chose，主句用could + be saved，表示对现在情况的假设。
被动语态could be saved，此处为save sb. sth.的被动形式，意为 “某人可以省去……”。
并列名词misery and expense，意为 “痛苦和开销”。
where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the city，意为 “他们本该属于的城市”，rightly意为 “理所当然地；正当地”。
·释义：如果他们选择住在本该属于他们的城市里，就能免去这么多的痛苦和开销。
13. If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.
·句子类型：复合句（条件状语从句 + 宾语从句 + 定语从句）
·核心结构：Conditional Clause (If you can dowithout...) + Main Clause (you will find...) + Object Clause (the city canprovide...) + Attributive Clause (that life can offer)
·语法要点：
if引导真实条件状语从句，遵循 “主将从现” 规则（从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时will find）。
固定搭配do without sth.，意为 “没有…… 也能应付；不需要……”。
固定搭配provide sb. with sth.，意为 “为某人提供某物”。
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the best，that在从句中作offer的宾语。
·释义：如果你能舍弃那点田园生活的乐趣，你会发现城市能提供生活所能给予的一切美好。
14. You never have to travel miles to see your friends.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓宾结构，不定式作目的状语）
·核心结构：Subject (You) + Predicate (never have totravel miles) + Purpose Adverbial (to see your friends)
·语法要点：
固定搭配have to do sth.，意为 “不得不做某事”，否定形式never have to意为 “不必做某事”。
名词短语travel miles，意为 “长途跋涉；走很远的路”。
不定式短语to see your friends作目的状语，说明travel miles的目的。
·释义：你永远不必长途跋涉去看望朋友。
15. They invariably live nearby and are always available for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment.
·句子类型：陈述句（并列谓语）
·核心结构：Subject (They) + Predicate 1 (invariablylive nearby) + Coordinate Conjunction (and) + Predicate 2 (are always availablefor...)
·语法要点：
副词invariably，意为 “总是；始终不变地”，语气比always更强。
形容词短语available for sth.，意为 “有空做某事；可随时做某事”。
名词短语an informal chat，意为 “随意的闲聊”；anevening's entertainment意为 “晚间的娱乐活动”。
·释义：他们总是住在附近，随时可以和你闲聊，或是一起参加晚间的娱乐活动。
16. Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓宾结构，不定式作目的状语）
·核心结构：Subject (Some of my acquaintances...) +Predicate (come up to town) + Adverbial (once or twice a year) + PurposeAdverbial (to visit the theatre) + Complement (as a special treat)
·语法要点：
名词acquaintances，意为 “熟人；认识的人”。
固定搭配come up to town，此处town指城市，意为 “进城；到城里来”。
不定式短语to visit the theatre作目的状语，说明进城的目的。
固定搭配as a special treat，意为 “作为一种特殊的享受 / 款待”，treat此处为名词，意为 “乐事；款待”。
·释义：我在乡下的一些熟人，每年会进城一两次，把去剧院看戏当作一种特殊的享受。
17. For them this is a major operation which involves considerable planning.
·句子类型：复合句（含定语从句）
·核心结构：Adverbial (For them) + Main Clause (thisis a major operation) + Attributive Clause (which involves considerableplanning)
·语法要点：
名词短语a major operation，此处为比喻用法，不是指 “手术”，而是指 “一件大事；一项重大的活动 / 安排”。
which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a major operation，which在从句中作主语。
形容词considerable，意为 “相当多的；大量的”，修饰planning。
·释义：对他们来说，这可是件大事，需要精心策划一番。
18. As the play draws to its close, they wonder whether they will ever catch that last train home.
·句子类型：复合句（时间状语从句 + 宾语从句）
·核心结构：Time Adverbial Clause (As the play drawsto its close) + Main Clause (they wonder...) + Object Clause (whether they willever catch...)
·语法要点：
as引导时间状语从句，意为 “当…… 的时候；随着……”。
固定搭配draw to a close，意为 “接近尾声；结束”。
whether引导宾语从句，作动词wonder的宾语，意为 “是否”。
副词ever此处用于疑问句中，加强语气，意为 “究竟；到底”。
·释义：当演出接近尾声时，他们就开始担心是否能赶上回家的最后一班火车。
19. The city dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort.
·句子类型：陈述句（主谓宾结构）
·核心结构：Subject (The city dweller) + Predicate(never experiences) + Object (anxieties of this sort)
·语法要点：
名词短语the city dweller，意为 “城市居民”，与前文的country dweller（乡村居民）形成对比。
固定搭配anxieties of this sort，意为 “这类焦虑；这种担忧”，指代前文 “赶不上末班车的焦虑”。
·释义：而城市居民从来不会有这种焦虑。
20. The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away.
·句子类型：陈述句（主系表结构）
·核心结构：Subject (The latest exhibitions, films, orplays) + Linking Verb (are) + Predicative (only a short bus ride away)
·语法要点：
三个并列的名词作主语，构成排比，列举城市的文化生活。
名词短语a short bus ride away，意为 “坐几站公交车就到了；离得很近”，是常用的表示距离的表达。
·释义：最新的展览、电影、戏剧，坐几站公交车就到了。
21. Shopping, too, is always a pleasure.
·句子类型：陈述句（主系表结构）
·核心结构：Subject (Shopping) + Adverbial (too) +Linking Verb (is) + Predicative (always a pleasure)
·语法要点：
动名词Shopping作主语。
副词too放在句中，用逗号隔开，意为 “也”，补充说明前文的便利。
固定搭配a pleasure，意为 “一件乐事；令人愉快的事”。
·释义：购物也总是一件乐事。
22. There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best.
·句子类型：复合句（结果状语从句，so...that...结构）
·核心结构：Main Clause (There is so much variety) +Result Adverbial Clause (that you never have to make do with...)
·语法要点：
therebe句型表示 “存在有”。
so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为 “如此…… 以至于……”。
固定搭配make do with sth.，意为 “勉强应付；凑合使用……”。
名词短语second best，意为 “次等货；第二好的东西”。
·释义：商品种类如此丰富，你永远都不用勉强买次等货。
23. Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the exotic items as they can carry.
·句子类型：复合句（时间状语从句 + 并列谓语）
·核心结构：Subject (Country people) + Predicate 1(run wild) + Time Adverbial Clause (when they go shopping...) + CoordinateConjunction (and) + Predicate 2 (stagger home) + Adverbial (loaded with...)
·语法要点：
固定搭配run wild，此处意为 “变得疯狂；大肆采购”，带有幽默的语气。
when引导时间状语从句，说明动作发生的场景。
现在分词短语loaded with...作伴随状语，修饰stagger home，表示 “（身上）扛着 / 拎着…… 摇摇晃晃地回家”。
固定搭配as many...as they can carry，意为 “尽可能多地……；能拿多少就拿多少”。
形容词exotic，意为 “外来的；奇异的；少见的”，此处指城市里乡下没有的新奇商品。
·释义：乡下人进城购物时会疯狂采购，拎着一大堆稀奇古怪的东西摇摇晃晃地回家。
24. Nor is the city without its moments of beauty.
·句子类型：倒装句（否定词置于句首的部分倒装）
·核心结构：Negative Adverbial (Nor) + Auxiliary Verb(is) + Subject (the city) + Predicative (without its moments of beauty)
·语法要点：
否定副词nor置于句首，句子需要部分倒装，助动词is提到主语the city之前，相当于The city is not without its moments of beauty（双重否定表肯定）。
双重否定not without...，意为 “并非没有……；也有……”，此处用倒装结构增强语气。
·释义：城市也并非没有它美妙的时刻。
25. There is something comforting about the warm glow shed by advertisements on cold winter nights.
·句子类型：陈述句（there be句型，含过去分词短语作定语）
·核心结构：There is something comforting +Prepositional Phrase (about the warm glow...) + Attributive (shed byadvertisements...)
·语法要点：
therebe句型，something comforting意为 “令人感到慰藉的东西”，现在分词comforting作后置定语修饰something。
过去分词短语shed by advertisements...作后置定语，修饰the warm glow，表示“由广告灯箱发出的温暖光芒”，shed此处为过去分词，意为 “发出（光、热等）”。
·释义：寒冬夜晚，广告灯箱散发出的温暖光芒，会给人一种慰藉。
26. Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends when the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country.
·句子类型：复合句（含定语从句 + 时间状语从句 + 嵌套定语从句）
·核心结构：Subject (Few things) + Predicate (could bemore impressive than...) + Object (the peace) + Attributive Clause 1 (thatdescends on...) + Time Adverbial Clause (when the thousands...) + Attributive Clause2 (that travel to work every day)
·语法要点：
比较级结构more impressive than...，用few things could be more...than...表示最高级含义，意为 “没有什么比…… 更令人难忘的了”。
固定搭配descend on/upon sth.，意为 “降临；笼罩”，此处指宁静笼罩着街道。
过去分词deserted，意为 “空无一人的；被遗弃的”，修饰city streets。
when引导时间状语从句，修饰at weekends，说明 “宁静” 出现的时间背景。
thattravel to work every day是定语从句，修饰先行词the thousands（指代成千上万每天进城上班的人）。
固定搭配be tucked away in...，意为 “躲藏在……；安居在……”，此处指人们回到乡下的家中。
·释义：周末，当成千上万每天进城上班的人都回到了乡下的家中，空旷的城市街道上笼罩着一种宁静，没有什么比这更令人难忘的了。
27. It has always been a mystery to me why city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country.
·句子类型：复合句（主语从句 + 非限制性定语从句 + 宾语从句）
·核心结构：Dummy Subject (It) + Main Clause (hasalways been a mystery to me) + Real Subject (why city dwellers...pretendthat...) + Non-restrictive Attributive Clause (who appreciate all these things)+ Object Clause (that they would prefer to live...)
·语法要点：
it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的why引导的主语从句，避免句子头重脚轻。
who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词city dwellers，补充说明 “这些城市居民明明享受着城市的一切好处”。
副词obstinately，意为 “固执地；顽固地”，带有批评语气。
that引导宾语从句，作动词pretend的宾语，prefer to do sth.意为 “宁愿做某事；更喜欢做某事”。
·释义：我一直觉得很奇怪，那些明明享受着这一切的城市居民，为什么还要固执地假装自己更喜欢住在乡下。
词汇分析
一、核心词汇
1.pastoral /ˈpɑːstərəl/adj.田园的；乡村生活的
2.illusion /ɪˈluːʒn/n.错觉；幻想
3.appeal /əˈpiːl/v. 吸引；呼吁
4.breed /briːd/v. 养育；繁殖（bred 过去式 / 分词）
5.rapture /ˈræptʃə(r)/n.狂喜，极度欢喜
6.extol /ɪkˈstəʊl/v.颂扬，赞美
7.virtue /ˈvɜːtʃuː/n.优点；美德
8.superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)/adj.更优越的
9.atmosphere /ˈætməsfɪə(r)/n.氛围；空气
10.twitter /ˈtwɪtə(r)/v.（鸟儿）叽叽喳喳叫
11.glint /ɡlɪnt/v. 闪烁，闪耀
12.idyllic /ɪˈdɪlɪk/adj.安逸田园的
13.virtually /ˈvɜːtʃuəli/adv.几乎，实际上
14.tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/v.忍受，容忍
15.dubious /ˈdjuːbiəs/adj.可疑的；不太好的
16.misery /ˈmɪzəri/n.痛苦，苦难
17.acquaintance /əˈkweɪntəns/n.熟人，相识之人
18.considerable /kənˈsɪdərəbl/adj.相当多的
19.anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/n.焦虑，担忧
20.variety /vəˈraɪəti/n.种类，多样性
21.stagger /ˈstæɡə(r)/v.蹒跚，摇摇晃晃走
22.exotic /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/adj.新奇的；外来的
23.glow /ɡləʊ/n. 微光，暖意光芒
24.deserted /dɪˈzɜːtɪd/adj.空寂无人的
25.obstinately /ˈɒbstɪnətli/adv.固执地
二、高级固定搭配
1.appeal to sb
释义：对某人有吸引力
用法：写作万能句式，替换 attract
例句：Modern fashion appeals to young people.
2.city born and city bred
释义：土生土长城里人
句式地位：经典高分独立主格短语，直接仿写
3.go into raptures
释义：欣喜若狂，极度开心
替换词：be wild with joy（低级）
4.extol the virtues of
释义：大肆吹捧 / 赞颂…… 的优点
议论文夸赞事物专用高级表达
5.live under the illusion that…
释义：抱有…… 错误幻想
雅思 / 考研议论文批判观点万能句型
6.be superior to
释义：优于，胜过
考点：无比较级，不加 more，后接 to 不接 than
7.the gentle pace of living
释义：舒缓的生活节奏
写作描述生活状态高分搭配
8.fail to mention
释义：避而不谈，没有提及
议论文反驳观点高频用法
9.be beyond sb
释义：某人无法理解
口语 + 写作通用
10.do without sth
释义：勉强凑合；舍弃某物
表 “不需要、将就” 专用
11.provide sb with sth
释义：为某人提供某物
四六级基础高分搭配
12.as a special treat
释义：当作难得的乐事 / 犒劳
13.draw to its close
释义：渐近尾声，即将结束
替换 end（低级），记叙文绝美表达
14.make do with
释义：凑合使用，将就应付
15.run wild
释义：肆意行事；大肆疯狂做某事
16.nor is…without…
释义：…… 也并非没有……
经典倒装双重否定，提升句式档次
17.descend on
释义：（氛围、夜色、寂静）笼罩降临
18.be tucked away
释义：安居在；藏匿于
19.prefer to do sth
释义：宁愿做某事
三、拓展高频搭配
1. 表 “吸引”
·have a fascination for 深深吸引
·cater to sb’s taste 迎合某人喜好
·exert an appeal on 对… 产生吸引力
2. 表 “幻想、误以为”
·cherish a wrong notion 持有错误观念
·harbour the belief that 心存…… 想法
·hold a false view 抱有错误观点
3. 表 “忍受”
·put up with 勉强忍受（日常）
·endure hardship 承受苦难
·bear with patience 耐心忍耐
4. 表 “生活节奏”
·fast pace of life 快节奏生活
·slow down the pace 放缓节奏
·hectic lifestyle 忙碌奔波的生活方式
5. 表 “结束、临近末尾”
·come to an end 结束
·approach the end 临近尾声
·reach its climax 达到高潮
6. 表 “充足、多样”
·a wide range of 各式各样
·abundant supplies 货源充足
·diverse choices 多元选择
7. 表 “城乡对比专用”
·urban residents 城市居民
·country dwellers 乡村居民
·suburban life 城郊生活
·rural areas 农村地区
8. 情感类拓展
·inner peace 内心宁静
·worldly noise 世俗喧嚣
·mental relaxation 身心放松
句型分析
1）原句：
Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.
套用句型：Why people are prepared to tolerate A for B is beyond me.
套用示例：
Why students are prepared to sacrifice their health for the mere score is beyond me.
翻译：我实在无法理解，为什么学生们愿意为了区区分数而牺牲健康。
替换关键词：
·tolerate → endure / put up with
·a four-hour journey → hard work / pressure / loneliness
·the dubious privilege → the temporary benefit / a small gain
2）原句：
Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life.
套用句型：Sb lives under the illusion that A is superior to B.
套用示例：
Many young people live under the illusion that money is superior to everything else.
翻译：许多年轻人都抱有错觉，认为金钱高于一切。
替换关键词：
·lives under the illusion → holds the false belief / clings to the idea
·country life → online life / material success
·superior to → better than / more important than
3）原句：
There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best.
套用句型：There is so much A that you never have to make do with B.
套用示例：
There is so much information online that you never have to make do with outdated knowledge.
翻译：网络上信息如此丰富，你完全不必勉强使用过时的知识。
替换关键词：
·variety → choice / resource / opportunity
·make do with → settle for / put up with
·second best → low quality / bad service
4）原句：
Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends.
套用句型：Few things could be more impressive than A that descends on B.
套用示例：
Few things could be more touching than the warmth that descends on strangers in times of difficulty.
翻译：没有什么比困境中降临在陌生人之间的温暖更令人感动。
替换关键词：
·impressive → beautiful / touching / unforgettable
·peace → warmth / silence / beauty
·descends on → falls upon / covers
5）原句：
It has always been a mystery to me why city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country.
套用句型：It has always been a mystery to me why A, who..., pretend that...
套用示例：
It has always been a mystery to me why some people, who enjoy modern conveniences, pretend that traditional life is better.
翻译：我一直很不解，为什么有些人一边享受现代便利，一边又假装传统生活更好。
替换关键词：
·a mystery → puzzling / confusing
·appreciate → enjoy / benefit from
·obstinately pretend → insist / claim falsely
