Lesson48 the slient village
课文原文：
In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.
在这个旅游发达的世界上，仍有成千上万个地方游客无法到达。
We always assume that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable.
我们总是认为，偏远地区的村民既友好又好客。
But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travellers.
但是，那些不仅与外国游客隔绝，甚至与本国同胞都隔绝的人，可能会对旅行者怀有敌意。
Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable — as my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans.
游览真正偏僻的村庄很少是愉快的 —— 我和妻子在巴尔干半岛旅行时就体会到了这一点。
We had spent several days in a small town and visited a number of old churches in the vicinity.
我们在一座小镇上逗留了几天，参观了附近的许多古老教堂。
These attracted many visitors, for they were not only of great architectural interest, but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well.
这些教堂吸引了大量游客，因为它们不仅具有极高的建筑价值，还保存着大量精美的壁画。
On the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town.
在我们离开的前一天，好几车游客突然涌进了小镇。
This was more than we could bear, so we decided to spend our last day exploring the countryside.
这让我们实在无法忍受，于是我们决定用最后一天去乡间探险。
Taking a path which led out of the town, we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood.
我们走上一条出镇的小路，穿过了几片田野，来到了一片茂密的树林。
We expected the path to end abruptly, but we found that it traced its way through the trees.
我们本以为小路会突然中断，却发现它蜿蜒穿过了树林。
We tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream.
我们在树林里跋涉了两个多小时，来到了一条深深的小溪边。
We could see that the path continued on the other side, but we had no idea how we could get across the stream.
我们能看到小路在对岸继续延伸，却不知道该如何渡过小溪。
Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank.
突然，我妻子发现岸边停着一条小船。
In it there was a boatman fast asleep.
船上有个船夫睡得正香。
We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side.
我们轻轻叫醒他，请他把我们渡到对岸。
Though he was reluctant to do so at first, we eventually persuaded him to take us.
起初他不太情愿，但我们最终说服了他。
The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain.
小路通向一个坐落在陡峭山坡上的小村庄。
The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses.
村里有一条坑洼不平、弯弯曲曲的路，路两旁排列着低矮的房屋。
Even under a clear blue sky, the village looked forbidding, as all the houses were built of grey mud bricks.
即使在晴朗的蓝天下，这个村庄也显得阴森可怕，因为所有的房子都是用灰色泥砖建成的。
The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby.
村子里似乎空无一人，唯一的生命迹象是附近田里一只被短绳拴在树上的、样子难看的黑山羊。
Sitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field, we opened a couple of tins of sardines and had a picnic lunch.
我们在田边一堵破旧的木栅栏上坐下，打开了几听沙丁鱼罐头，吃了一顿野餐午餐。
All at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm.
突然，我注意到妻子似乎惊慌起来。
Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate.
我抬头一看，发现我们被一群衣衫褴褛的孩子围住了，他们一声不吭地看着我们吃饭。
We offered them food and spoke to them kindly, but they remained motionless.
我们给他们食物，和气地跟他们说话，但他们一动不动。
I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers.
我想他们只是怕生而已。
When we later walked down the main street of the village, we were followed by a silent procession of children.
后来，我们沿着村子的主街往前走，身后跟着一列沉默的孩子。
The village which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life.
刚才还空无一人的村子，一下子热闹了起来。
Faces appeared at windows.
窗口露出了一张张脸。
Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us.
只穿衬衫的男人们站在屋外，瞪着我们。
Old women in black shawls peered at us from doorways.
围着黑色头巾的老妇人从门口盯着我们。
The most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard.
最可怕的是，听不到一点声音。
There was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors.
毫无疑问，我们是不受欢迎的客人。
We needed no further warning.
我们不需要更多的警告了。
Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.
我们转身沿着主街往回走，加快脚步，迅速向小溪走去，希望船夫还在那里等着我们。
课文分析：
1. In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.
·句子类型：复合句（there be 句型 + 定语从句）
·核心结构：There be + 主语（places）+ 定语从句（which...tourists）
·语法要点：
主句为there be存在句型，表 “某地有某物”，in this much-travelled world为地点状语。
which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词places，在从句中作主语；be inaccessible to sb.为固定搭配，意为 “某人无法到达 / 接触”。
much-travelled为合成形容词，由副词+过去分词构成，修饰名词world。
·释义：在这个旅游发达的世界上，仍有成千上万个地方游客无法到达。
2. We always assume that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 宾语从句）
·核心结构：主语（We）+谓语（assume）+宾语从句（that...hospitable）
·语法要点：
that引导宾语从句，作动词assume的宾语，assume意为 “假定、认为”。
宾语从句中，in remote places为介词短语作后置定语，修饰villagers；friendly and hospitable为并列形容词作表语。
时态为一般现在时，always表示习惯性的看法。
·释义：我们总是认为，偏远地区的村民既友好又好客。
3. But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travellers.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 定语从句）
·核心结构：主语（people）+定语从句（who...countrymen）+ 谓语（can be）+ 表语（hostile to travellers）
·语法要点：
who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，在从句中作主语；be cut off from为固定搭配，意为 “与……隔绝”。
not only...but (even)...为并列连词，连接两个并列的介词短语from foreign tourists和from their own countrymen，表递进关系。
be hostile to sb.为固定搭配，意为 “对某人怀有敌意”；can表示 “可能会”，表推测语气。
·释义：但是，那些不仅与外国游客隔绝，甚至与本国同胞都隔绝的人，可能会对旅行者怀有敌意。
4. Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable — as my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 非限制性定语从句）
·核心结构：主语（Visits...villages）+ 系动词（are）+ 表语（enjoyable）+非限制性定语从句（as...Balkans）
·语法要点：
主句中，to really remote villages为介词短语作后置定语，修饰主语Visits；seldom为频度副词，意为 “很少”。
as引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容，意为 “正如……”；during a tour through the Balkans为时间状语。
破折号用于补充说明，强调后面从句的例子作用。
·释义：游览真正偏僻的村庄很少是愉快的 —— 我和妻子在巴尔干半岛旅行时就体会到了这一点。
5. We had spent several days in a small town and visited a number of old churches in the vicinity.
·句子类型：简单句（并列谓语）
·核心结构：主语（We）+并列谓语（had spent...and visited...）
·语法要点：
时态为过去完成时（had spent）+一般过去时（visited），描述过去两个先后发生的动作（先花时间，再参观教堂）。
spend time in sp.为固定搭配，意为 “在某地度过时间”；a number of意为 “许多”，修饰可数名词复数；in the vicinity为固定短语，意为 “在附近”。
·释义：我们在一座小镇上逗留了几天，参观了附近的许多古老教堂。
6. These attracted many visitors, for they were not only of great architectural interest, but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well.
·句子类型：并列复合句（两个分句由 for 连接，后一分句含并列结构）
·核心结构：分句1（These attracted many visitors）+ for + 分句2（they were not only...but contained...）
·语法要点：
for为并列连词，表 “因为”，补充说明前一分句的原因，语气比 because 弱，通常不用于句首。
分句 2 中，not only...but (also)...连接两个并列谓语：were of great architectural interest和contained a large number of...；be of + 名词结构等同于be + 形容词，即be of great interest = be very interesting。
beautifully preserved为过去分词短语作前置定语，修饰frescoes，意为 “保存完好的”；as well表 “也”，放句末。
·释义：这些教堂吸引了大量游客，因为它们不仅具有极高的建筑价值，还保存着大量精美的壁画。
7. On the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：状语（On the day...departure）+ 主语（several bus loads of tourists）+谓语（descended on）+宾语（the town）
·语法要点：
On the day before our departure为时间状语，before our departure为介词短语作后置定语，修饰the day。
several bus loads of为固定表达，意为 “好几车的”；descend on为固定短语，意为 “突然涌来、蜂拥而至”，常带有贬义色彩。
·释义：在我们离开的前一天，好几车游客突然涌进了小镇。
8. This was more than we could bear, so we decided to spend our last day exploring the countryside.
·句子类型：并列复合句（两个分句由 so 连接，前一分句含比较状语从句）
·核心结构：分句1（This was more than we could bear）+ so + 分句2（we decided to spend...exploring...）
·语法要点：
分句 1 中，more than we could bear为比较状语从句，意为 “超出了我们的承受能力”；bear此处意为 “忍受”。
so为并列连词，表 “因此”，连接因果关系的两个分句。
decide to do sth.为固定搭配，意为 “决定做某事”；spend time (in) doing sth.为固定句型，in可省略，此处用exploring。
·释义：这让我们实在无法忍受，于是我们决定用最后一天去乡间探险。
9. Taking a path which led out of the town, we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 现在分词作状语 + 定语从句 + 时间状语从句）
·核心结构：现在分词状语（Taking a path...）+ 主句（we crossed a few fields）+ until引导的时间状语从句（until we came to a dense wood）
·语法要点：
Taking a path...为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其逻辑主语为主句主语we，表主动关系；which led out of the town为定语从句，修饰先行词path。
until引导时间状语从句，意为 “直到……”，主句为肯定句时，主句动作持续到从句动作发生为止。
·释义：我们走上一条出镇的小路，穿过了几片田野，来到了一片茂密的树林。
10. We expected the path to end abruptly, but we found that it traced its way through the trees.
·句子类型：并列复合句（两个分句由 but 连接，后一分句含宾语从句）
·核心结构：分句1（We expected the path to end abruptly）+ but + 分句2（we found that it traced its way through the trees）
·语法要点：
分句 1 中，expect sb./sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为 “预料 / 期望某人 / 某物做某事”；end abruptly意为 “突然中断”。
but为并列连词，表转折关系；分句 2 中，that引导宾语从句，作found的宾语；trace one's way through为固定短语，意为 “蜿蜒穿过”。
·释义：我们本以为小路会突然中断，却发现它蜿蜒穿过了树林。
11. We tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 时间状语从句）
·核心结构：主句（We tramped through the wood for over two hours）+ until引导的时间状语从句（until we arrived at a deep stream）
·语法要点：
时态为一般过去时，描述过去的动作；tramp through意为 “跋涉穿过”；for over two hours为时间状语，表动作持续的时长。
until引导时间状语从句，此处意为 “直到…… 才”，主句动作持续到从句动作发生为止；arrive at后接小地点，arrive in后接大地点。
·释义：我们在树林里跋涉了两个多小时，来到了一条深深的小溪边。
12. We could see that the path continued on the other side, but we had no idea how we could get across the stream.
·句子类型：并列复合句（两个分句由 but 连接，均含宾语从句）
·核心结构：分句1（We could see that the path continued...）+ but + 分句2（we had no idea how we could get across the stream）
·语法要点：
分句 1 中，that引导宾语从句，作see的宾语；on the other side为固定短语，意为 “在另一边”。
分句 2 中，have no idea后常接wh-词引导的宾语从句，how we could get across the stream作idea的同位语；get across意为 “渡过、穿过”。
·释义：我们能看到小路在对岸继续延伸，却不知道该如何渡过小溪。
13. Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank.
·句子类型：简单句（过去分词作后置定语）
·核心结构：状语（Suddenly）+主语（my wife）+谓语（spotted）+宾语（a boat）+过去分词短语作后置定语（moored to the bank）
·语法要点：
spot为及物动词，意为 “发现、瞥见”，此处用一般过去时。
moored to the bank为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰boat，表被动关系（船被系在岸边）；moor意为 “（船）停泊、系住”。
·释义：突然，我妻子发现岸边停着一条小船。
14. In it there was a boatman fast asleep.
·句子类型：倒装句（there be 句型的地点状语前置倒装）
·核心结构：地点状语（In it）+ there be句型（there was a boatman）+ 后置定语（fast asleep）
·语法要点：
地点状语In it（指代 in the boat）前置，引起句子倒装，正常语序为There was a boatman fast asleep in it。
fast asleep为形容词短语作后置定语，修饰boatman，意为 “睡得正香的”；fast此处为副词，修饰asleep，表 “酣睡地”。
·释义：船上有个船夫睡得正香。
15. We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side.
·句子类型：简单句（并列谓语）
·核心结构：主语（We）+并列谓语（woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side）
·语法要点：
两个并列谓语woke up和asked均为一般过去时，描述连续的动作；wake sb. up为固定短语，意为 “叫醒某人”。
ask sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为 “请求某人做某事”；ferry sb. to sp.意为 “用船渡某人到某地”。
·释义：我们轻轻叫醒他，请他把我们渡到对岸。
16. Though he was reluctant to do so at first, we eventually persuaded him to take us.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 让步状语从句）
·核心结构：让步状语从句（Though he was reluctant to do so at first）+ 主句（we eventually persuaded him to take us）
·语法要点：
though引导让步状语从句，意为 “虽然、尽管”，不可与but连用；be reluctant to do sth.为固定搭配，意为 “不情愿做某事”；do so指代前文的ferry us to the other side，避免重复。
persuade sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为 “说服某人做某事”，强调成功说服。
·释义：起初他不太情愿，但我们最终说服了他。
17. The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain.
·句子类型：简单句（过去分词作后置定语）
·核心结构：主语（The path）+谓语（led to）+宾语（a tiny village）+过去分词短语作后置定语（perched on the steep sides of a mountain）
·语法要点：
lead to为固定短语，意为 “通向、导致”，此处用一般过去时。
perched on the steep sides of a mountain为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰village，表被动关系（村庄被建在山坡上）；perch意为 “（建筑物）坐落于高处”。
·释义：小路通向一个坐落在陡峭山坡上的小村庄。
18. The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 定语从句）
·核心结构：主语（The place）+谓语（consisted of）+宾语（a straggling unmade road）+ 定语从句（which was lined on either side by small houses）
·语法要点：
consist of为固定短语，意为 “由……组成”，无被动语态；straggling unmade road意为 “弯弯曲曲、未铺砌的路”，straggling为现在分词作定语，表 “蜿蜒的、散乱的”；unmade为形容词，意为 “未铺砌的（路）”。
which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词road，在从句中作主语；从句为被动语态was lined by，意为 “被……排列在两侧”；on either side意为 “在两边”。
·释义：村里有一条坑洼不平、弯弯曲曲的路，路两旁排列着低矮的房屋。
19. Even under a clear blue sky, the village looked forbidding, as all the houses were built of grey mud bricks.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 原因状语从句）
·核心结构：状语（Even under a clear blue sky）+ 主句（the village looked forbidding）+ as引导的原因状语从句（as all the houses were built of grey mud bricks）
·语法要点：
Even under a clear blue sky为让步状语，意为 “即使在晴朗的蓝天下”；look forbidding为系表结构，look为感官系动词，后接形容词forbidding（阴森的、令人生畏的）作表语。
as引导原因状语从句，补充说明主句的原因；从句为被动语态were built of，be built of意为 “由…… 建成（能看出原材料）”。
·释义：即使在晴朗的蓝天下，这个村庄也显得阴森可怕，因为所有的房子都是用灰色泥砖建成的。
20. The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby.
·句子类型：独立主格结构（主句 + 独立主格作伴随状语）
·核心结构：主句（The village seemed deserted）+ 独立主格结构（the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat...）
·语法要点：
主句中，seem deserted为系表结构，deserted为形容词，意为 “空无一人的、被遗弃的”。
逗号后为独立主格结构（名词 / 代词 + 现在分词 / 过去分词），作伴随状语，其逻辑主语the only sign of life与主句主语the village不同；being为现在分词，表主动关系；on a short length of rope为介词短语作后置定语，修饰goat；tied to a tree为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰rope，表被动关系（绳子被拴在树上）。
·释义：村子里似乎空无一人，唯一的生命迹象是附近田里一只被短绳拴在树上的、样子难看的黑山羊。
21. Sitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field, we opened a couple of tins of sardines and had a picnic lunch.
·句子类型：简单句（现在分词作状语 + 并列谓语）
·核心结构：现在分词状语（Sitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field）+ 主语（we）+并列谓语（opened...and had...）
·语法要点：
Sitting down on...为现在分词短语作伴随状语，逻辑主语为主句主语we，表主动关系；dilapidated为形容词，意为 “破旧的、年久失修的”。
两个并列谓语opened和had均为一般过去时；a couple of意为 “几个”；have a picnic lunch为固定搭配，意为 “吃野餐午餐”。
·释义：我们在田边一堵破旧的木栅栏上坐下，打开了几听沙丁鱼罐头，吃了一顿野餐午餐。
22. All at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 宾语从句）
·核心结构：状语（All at once）+主句（I noticed that...）+ 宾语从句（that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm）
·语法要点：
All at once为固定短语，意为 “突然”；主句时态为一般过去时，noticed为谓语动词。
that引导宾语从句，作noticed的宾语；从句中，seem to do sth.为固定搭配，意为 “似乎做某事”；be filled with alarm意为 “充满惊恐”。
·释义：突然，我注意到妻子似乎惊慌起来。
23. Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 现在分词作状语 + 宾语从句 + 定语从句 + 时间状语从句）
·核心结构：现在分词状语（Looking up）+主句（I saw that...）+宾语从句（that we were surrounded by children...）+ 定语从句（who were looking at us silently）+时间状语从句（as we ate）
·语法要点：
Looking up为现在分词短语作伴随状语，逻辑主语为I，表主动关系。
that引导宾语从句，作saw的宾语；从句为被动语态were surrounded by，意为 “被…… 包围”；in rags为介词短语作后置定语，修饰children，意为 “衣衫褴褛的”。
who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词children，在从句中作主语；as we ate为时间状语从句，意为 “当我们吃饭的时候”，强调两个动作同时发生。
·释义：我抬头一看，发现我们被一群衣衫褴褛的孩子围住了，他们一声不吭地看着我们吃饭。
24. We offered them food and spoke to them kindly, but they remained motionless.
·句子类型：并列句（两个分句由 but 连接）
·核心结构：分句1（We offered them food and spoke to them kindly）+ but + 分句2（they remained motionless）
·语法要点：
分句 1 中，两个并列谓语offered和spoke均为一般过去时；offer sb. sth.为固定搭配，意为 “给某人提供某物”；spoke to sb. kindly意为 “和气地跟某人说话”。
but为并列连词，表转折关系；分句 2 中，remain motionless为系表结构，remain为状态系动词，后接形容词motionless（一动不动的）作表语。
·释义：我们给他们食物，和气地跟他们说话，但他们一动不动。
25. I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 宾语从句）
·核心结构：主句（I concluded that...）+ 宾语从句（that they were simply shy of strangers）
·语法要点：
主句时态为一般过去时，concluded意为 “推断、得出结论”。
that引导宾语从句，作concluded的宾语；从句中，be shy of sb.为固定搭配，意为 “怕生、对…… 感到害羞”；simply此处意为 “仅仅、只不过”。
·释义：我想他们只是怕生而已。
26. When we later walked down the main street of the village, we were followed by a silent procession of children.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 时间状语从句）
·核心结构：时间状语从句（When we later walked down the main street of the village）+ 主句（we were followed by a silent procession of children）
·语法要点：
when引导时间状语从句，意为 “当……的时候”；walk down意为 “沿着…… 走”；the main street of the village意为 “村子的主街”。
主句为一般过去时的被动语态were followed by，意为 “被……跟着”；a silent procession of children意为 “一列沉默的孩子”，procession意为 “队伍、行列”。
·释义：后来，我们沿着村子的主街往前走，身后跟着一列沉默的孩子。
27. The village which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 定语从句）
·核心结构：主语（The village）+定语从句（which had seemed deserted）+ 状语（immediately）+ 谓语（came to life）
·语法要点：
which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词village，在从句中作主语；从句时态为过去完成时had seemed deserted，表示 “（在主句动作之前）曾经看起来空无一人的”。
come to life为固定短语，意为 “热闹起来、恢复生机”，此处用一般过去时came。
·释义：刚才还空无一人的村子，一下子热闹了起来。
28. Faces appeared at windows.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语（Faces）+谓语（appeared）+地点状语（at windows）
·语法要点：
时态为一般过去时，appeared意为 “出现”；at windows为地点状语，意为 “在窗口”。
句子省略了修饰词，完整理解为Faces of villagers appeared at windows，避免重复前文提到的 “村民”。
·释义：窗口露出了一张张脸。
29. Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us.
·句子类型：简单句（并列谓语）
·核心结构：主语（Men in shirt sleeves）+ 并列谓语（stood outside their houses and glared at us）
·语法要点：
in shirt sleeves为介词短语作后置定语，修饰Men，意为 “只穿衬衫的（没穿外套的）”。
两个并列谓语stood和glared均为一般过去时；stand outside their houses意为 “站在屋外”；glare at sb.为固定短语，意为 “瞪着某人、怒视某人”。
·释义：只穿衬衫的男人们站在屋外，瞪着我们。
30. Old women in black shawls peered at us from doorways.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语（Old women in black shawls）+ 谓语（peered at）+ 宾语（us）+地点状语（from doorways）
·语法要点：
in black shawls为介词短语作后置定语，修饰Old women，意为 “围着黑色头巾的”；shawl意为 “披肩、头巾”。
peer at sb.为固定短语，意为 “盯着某人看、窥视某人”，带有不友好的意味；from doorways为地点状语，意为 “从门口”。
·释义：围着黑色头巾的老妇人从门口盯着我们。
31. The most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 表语从句）
·核心结构：主语（The most frightening thing of all）+ 系动词（was）+ 表语从句（that not a sound could be heard）
·语法要点：
主语中，of all为介词短语作后置定语，修饰The most frightening thing，意为 “所有事情中最可怕的”；frightening为形容词，意为 “令人害怕的”。
that引导表语从句，作系动词was的表语；从句为被动语态could be heard，意为 “能被听到”；not a sound为否定表达，意为 “一点声音也没有”。
·释义：最可怕的是，听不到一点声音。
32. There was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors.
·句子类型：复合句（同位语从句）
·核心结构：There was no doubt + 同位语从句（that we were unwelcome visitors）
·语法要点：
There is/was no doubt that...为固定句型，意为 “毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。
从句中，unwelcome visitors意为 “不受欢迎的客人”；时态为一般过去时，与主句时态一致。
·释义：毫无疑问，我们是不受欢迎的客人。
33. We needed no further warning.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语（We）+谓语（needed）+宾语（no further warning）
·语法要点：
时态为一般过去时，needed为谓语动词；no further warning意为 “不需要更多的警告了”，further为形容词，意为 “更多的、进一步的”。
此处no further warning省略了上下文能理解的内容，完整理解为 “We didn’t need any more warning signs or hints”，指前文村民的反应已经是明确的警告。
·释义：我们不需要更多的警告了。
34. Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.
·句子类型：复合句（主句 + 现在分词作状语 + 定语从句 + 宾语从句）
·核心结构：现在分词状语（Turning back down the main street）+ 主句（we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream）+ 定语从句（where we hoped the boatman was waiting）
·语法要点：
Turning back down the main street为现在分词短语作伴随状语，逻辑主语为we，表主动关系；turn back down意为 “转身沿着…… 往回走”。
主句中，两个并列谓语quickened和made均为一般过去时；quicken one's pace为固定搭配，意为 “加快脚步”；make one's way towards sp.意为 “朝某地走去”。
where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the stream，在从句中作地点状语；从句中，we hoped为插入语，the boatman was waiting为宾语从句，作hoped的宾语，时态为过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
·释义：我们转身沿着主街往回走，加快脚步，迅速向小溪走去，希望船夫还在那里等着我们。
词汇分析：
一、核心词汇
1.inaccessible /ˌɪnækˈsesəbl/adj. 难以到达的；无法接近的
深度：in - 否定前缀 + accessible（可到达的）；形容偏僻地域、高冷人、难获取资源
2.hospitable /hɒˈspɪtəbl/adj. 好客的；热情友好的
派生：hospitality n. 好客，殷勤
3.hostile /ˈhɒstaɪl/adj. 怀有敌意的；不友好的
搭配：hostile attitude 敌对态度；hostile environment 恶劣环境
4.remote /rɪˈməʊt/adj. 偏远的；遥远的；疏远的
场景：remote village 偏远村庄；remote control 遥控
5.vicinity /vəˈsɪnəti/n. 附近，邻近地区
高频：only 用单数，固定和 in 连用
6.architectural /ˌɑːkɪˈtektʃərəl/adj. 建筑的；建筑学的
词根：architecture n. 建筑；architect n. 建筑师
7.preserved /prɪˈzɜːvd/adj. 保存完好的；腌制的
动词原形：preserve v. 保护，保存，维护
8.descend /dɪˈsend/v. 降临；涌来；下降
反义词：ascend 上升
9.abruptly /əˈbrʌptli/adv. 突然地；突兀地
派生：abrupt adj. 突然的，生硬的
10.tramp /træmp/v. 长途跋涉；徒步行走 n. 徒步旅行者
11.spot/spɒt/v. 突然看见；发现 n. 地点，斑点
考点：瞬间动词，强调 “无意间瞥见”
12.moor/mɔː(r)/v. 停泊（船只）；系泊
13.reluctant /rɪˈlʌktənt/adj. 不情愿的；勉强的
14.persuade /pəˈsweɪd/v. 说服，劝说（成功说服）
辨析：advise 建议（不一定听从）；persuade 说服（成功）
15.perch /pɜːtʃ/v. 坐落于（高处）；栖息
专用于建筑、村庄依山而建
16.straggling /ˈstræɡlɪŋ/adj. 蜿蜒散乱的；稀稀拉拉的
17.forbidding /fəˈbɪdɪŋ/adj. 令人生畏的；阴森可怕的
18.deserted /dɪˈzɜːtɪd/adj. 空无一人的；被遗弃的
辨析：dessert 甜点；desert 沙漠 / 遗弃
19.dilapidated /dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtɪd/adj. 破旧不堪的；年久失修的
20.sardine /ˌsɑːˈdiːn/n. 沙丁鱼
21.alarm /əˈlɑːm/n. 惊恐；警报 v. 使惊恐
22.rags/ræɡz/n. 破衣服，破烂衣衫
23.motionless /ˈməʊʃnləs/adj. 一动不动的；静止的
24.conclude /kənˈkluːd/v. 推断；得出结论；结束
25.procession /prəˈseʃn/n. 行列；队伍
26.glare /ɡleə(r)/v. 怒视，瞪眼
27.peer/pɪə(r)/v. 凝视；费力地看；窥视
28.unwelcome /ʌnˈwelkəm/adj. 不受欢迎的
29.quicken /ˈkwɪkən/v. 加快（步伐、速度）
30.pace/peɪs/n. 步伐；节奏 v. 踱步
二、高级固定搭配
1.much-travelled world旅游往来频繁的世界
结构：副词 + 过去分词合成形容词作前置定语
写作套用：much-discussed topic 热议话题；much-loved writer 深受喜爱的作家
2.inaccessible to tourists游客无法抵达
固定句型：be inaccessible to sb.对某人而言难以接近 / 无法获得
3.be cut off from与…… 隔绝；与世隔绝
课文原句：cut off not only from...but even from...
高阶用法：可用于人际、地域、网络隔离
4.be hostile to travellers对旅行者怀有敌意
固定：be hostile to sb/sth对…… 持敌对态度
5.in remote places在偏远地区
写作万能：remote areas /remote regions 偏远地区
6.in the vicinity在附近，在周边
固定搭配，不加 s，不加 the 复数
7.be of great architectural interest极具建筑价值
黄金结构：be of + 抽象名词 = be + 形容词
仿写：be of great value 很有价值；be of importance 很重要
8.bus loads of tourists好几车游客
量词结构：数量 + load (s) of + 名词一车 / 大批……
9.descend on the town蜂拥涌入小镇
高级短语：descend on/upon突然涌至；突袭式涌入
10.more than we could bear超出我们的承受范围
写作万能句式：more than sb can bear令人难以忍受
11.spend time doing sth花费时间做某事
必考语法：spend 后接动名词
12.trace its way through the trees蜿蜒穿过树林
文学高级搭配：trace one’s way蜿蜒前行
13.get across the stream渡过小溪；穿过
get across横渡；使理解
14.moored to the bank停泊在岸边
moor sth to sp.将船停泊在某处
15.fast asleep酣然入睡；睡得很沉
固定副词修饰形容词：fast 表“酣熟地”
16.wake sb up叫醒某人
17.be reluctant to do sth不情愿做某事；勉强做某事
18.persuade sb to do sth说服某人做某事
19.perched on the steep sides of a mountain坐落于陡峭山坡之上
写景高级标配：perched on + 地点坐落于高处
20.consist of由…… 组成（无被动、无进行时）
21.be lined on either side by两侧排列着……
写景万能：道路 / 河流两侧景物描写专用
22.be built of由…… 建成（看得出原材料）
辨析：be built from 看不出原材料
23.seemed deserted空无一人；荒无人烟
24.a short length of rope一小段绳子
量词结构：a length of + 长条物品一段……
25.tied to a tree被拴在树上
过去分词作后置定语经典用法
26.dilapidated wooden fence破旧的木栅栏
27.a couple of tins of几听……；几罐……
28.all at once突然（= suddenly，更书面）
29.be filled with alarm充满惊恐
30.in rags衣衫褴褛
31.remain motionless保持一动不动
系动词 remain + 形容词表状态持续
32.be shy of strangers怕生；腼腆怕陌生人
33.a silent procession of children一列沉默的孩子队伍
34.come to life热闹起来；恢复生机
35.glare at us怒视着我们
36.peer at us凝视 / 盯着我们
37.There was no doubt that...毫无疑问……（写作万能句型）
38.no further warning无需更多警示
39.quicken one’s pace加快脚步
40.make one’s way towards朝……走去；向…… 行进
三、拓展搭配
1. 与 remote 拓展搭配
·remote village /remote mountain area 偏远山村
·remote memory 遥远的回忆
·remote possibility 极小的可能性
2. 与 hostile 拓展搭配
·hostile reaction 敌对反应
·hostile criticism 恶意批评
·be hostile towards new ideas 排斥新观念
3. 与 preserve 拓展搭配
·preserve traditional culture 传承传统文化
·preserve the environment 保护环境
·well-preserved relics 保存完好的古迹
4. 与 descend 拓展搭配
·descend to the valley 下到山谷
·night descended 夜幕降临
·descend into chaos 陷入混乱
5. 与 reluctant 拓展搭配
·reluctant to admit mistakes 不愿承认错误
·reluctant to change 抵触改变
6. 与 persuade 高阶拓展
·persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
·persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人放弃做某事
7. 与 consist 家族搭配
·consist in 在于……
·be consistent with 与…… 保持一致
8. 与 alarm 拓展
·raise alarm 引起恐慌
·sound the alarm 敲响警钟
9. 与 conclude 写作拓展
·conclude from sth 从某事推断出
·conclude a speech 结束演讲
·in conclusion 总而言之（作文结尾万能）
10. 与 pace 高频搭配
·keep pace with 跟上…… 的步伐
·slow down the pace 放慢节奏
·living pace 生活节奏
长难句分析：
长难句 1
原句
In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.
语法骨架
状语 + there be 主句 + 定语从句
拆解
1.In this much-travelled world：介词短语作地点状语；
much-travelled 是「副词 + 过去分词」构成合成形容词，前置修饰 world。
2.there are thousands of places：there be 存在句型，主语是 thousands of places。
3.which are inaccessible to tourists：限制性定语从句，先行词 places；
which 在从句中作主语，不能省略。
必注意考点
1.there be 句型遵循就近原则；
2.定语从句先行词是地点，但若关系代词在从句中作主语，只能用 which/that，不能用 where；
3.固定结构：be inaccessible to sb对某人难以抵达 / 无法接触。
翻译
在这个游人络绎不绝的世界里，仍有成千上万游客无法抵达的地方。
长难句 2
原句
But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travellers.
语法骨架
主语 + 定语从句（内含 not only…but… 并列） + 系表谓语
拆解
1.主句主干：people can be hostile to travellers
2.who are cut off…countrymen：定语从句修饰 people，who 在从句作主语。
3.not only from… but even from…：并列介词短语，跟在 be cut off from 后，递进结构。
必注意考点
1.定语从句太长，先抓主句主谓，再看从句修饰；
2.not only…but (also)/even… 连接对等结构，前后都必须是介词短语；
3.固定搭配：be cut off from 与…… 隔绝；be hostile to 对…… 有敌意。
翻译
但是那些不仅与外国游客隔绝、甚至与本国同胞隔绝的人，可能会对旅行者抱有敌意。
长难句 3
原句
Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable — as my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans.
语法骨架
主句 + as 引导非限制性定语从句（指代整句话）
拆解
1.主句主干：Visits are seldom enjoyable
2.to really remote villages：介词短语后置定语修饰主语 Visits。
3.as my wife and I discovered…：as 非限制性定语从句，as 指代前面整个主句内容，翻译为 “正如……”。
4.破折号用来隔开补充说明从句，语气更正式书面。
必注意考点
1.as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放句首、句中、句末；
2.主语是抽象名词 Visits，后置定语不要误当成谓语；
3.seldom 否定含义，属于半否定副词，位置在系动词后。
翻译
去真正偏远村落游览往往少有乐趣，我和妻子在巴尔干旅行时就深有体会。
长难句 4
原句
These attracted many visitors, for they were not only of great architectural interest, but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well.
语法骨架
并列句（for 连接原因）+ 后句含 not only…but… 并列谓语
拆解
1.前后两个分句由for连接，for 是并列连词，表补充原因，不能放句首。
2.后一分句主干：they were… but contained…
3.not only 后接be of + 名词结构；but 后接实义动词 contained，属于跨词性并列。
4.beautifully preserved：过去分词作前置定语，修饰 frescoes。
必注意考点
1.be of + 抽象名词 = be + 形容词
be of great interest = be very interesting
2.for 表原因，语气比 because 弱，多用于书面补充说明；
3.not only…but… 可并列系表结构和实义动词，只要逻辑平行即可。
翻译
这些教堂吸引了众多游客，因为它们不仅极具建筑价值，还存有大量保存完好的精美壁画。
长难句 5
原句
Taking a path which led out of the town, we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood.
语法骨架
现在分词作伴随状语 + 主句 + until 时间状语从句 + 定语从句内嵌
拆解
1.Taking a path…：现在分词短语作伴随 / 方式状语，逻辑主语是主句主语 we，表主动。
2.which led out of the town：定语从句修饰 path。
3.until we came to a dense wood：until引导时间状语从句。
必注意考点
1.现在分词作状语，逻辑主语必须和主句主语一致；
2.until 主句肯定式，表动作一直持续到从句发生；
3.一句话内嵌：分词状语 + 定语从句 + 时间状语从句，典型多层嵌套。
翻译
我们沿着一条出城的小路走去，穿过几片田野，直到来到一片茂密的树林。
长难句 6
原句
The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby.
语法骨架
主句 + 独立主格结构（名词 + 现在分词）
拆解
1.主句：The village seemed deserted 系表结构。
2.逗号后：the only sign of life being…标准独立主格
结构：逻辑主语 + 现在分词，做主句伴随状语。
3.on a short length of rope：介词短语后置修饰 goat。
4.tied to a tree：过去分词后置定语修饰 rope，表被动。
必注意考点
1.独立主格：前后主语不一致，不能直接用分词状语，必须加逻辑主语；
2.being 不可随便省略，书面写景高频句式；
3.多层后置定语叠加：介词短语 + 过去分词，是阅读最大难点。
翻译
村子里空无一人，唯一的生命迹象是附近田里一只被短绳拴在树上、模样难看的黑山羊。
长难句 7
原句
Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate.
语法骨架
分词状语 + 主句 + 宾语从句 + 定语从句 + 时间状语从句
拆解
1.Looking up：现在分词作状语，逻辑主语 I。
2.that 引导宾语从句，作 saw 的宾语。
3.in rags：介词短语后置定语修饰 children。
4.who 引导定语从句修饰 children。
5.as we ate：as 引导时间状语从句，表 “正当…… 时”。
必注意考点
1.一层套一层：分词→宾语从句→后置定语→定语从句→时间状语从句；
2.in rags 固定搭配：衣衫褴褛；
3.as 引导时间从句，强调两个动作同时进行。
翻译
我抬头一看，发现我们被一群衣衫褴褛的孩子围住，他们在我们吃饭时默默地注视着我们。
长难句 8
原句
Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.
语法骨架
分词状语 + 主句并列谓语 + where 定语从句（含插入语）
拆解
1.Turning back…：现在分词作伴随状语。
2.we quickened… and made…：主句并列谓语。
3.where 引导定语从句，先行词 stream，where 在从句中作地点状语。
4.we hoped 是插入语，可去掉不影响句子主干。
必注意考点
1.定语从句先行词是地点，从句不缺主语宾语，用where；
2.插入语 we hoped 是阅读常考干扰，先跳过抓主干；
3.make one’s way towards 高级固定搭配：朝…… 行进。
翻译
我们转身沿着主街往回走，加快脚步快步走向那条小溪，我们希望船夫还在那里等候。
句型分析：
句式 1
课文原句
In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.
句型框架
In this + 形容词社会背景 + , there are still thousands of + 事物 + which are inaccessible to + 人群
套用替换
much-travelled world → modern/rapidly-developing society
places → resources/opportunities/scenic spots
tourists → ordinary people/young people/citizens
仿写例句
In this rapidly-developing society, there are still thousands of valuable resources which are inaccessible to ordinary people.
仿写翻译
在这个飞速发展的社会中，仍有成千上万宝贵的资源是普通人无法获取的。
句式 2
课文原句
We always assume that people in remote places are friendly and hospitable.
句型框架
We always assume that + 某类人 + in + 某种环境 + are + 品质形容词并列
套用替换
remote places → traditional areas/campus/the workplace
friendly and hospitable → simple and kind/modest and diligent
仿写例句
We always assume that people in traditional areas are simple and kind.
仿写翻译
我们总是认为，生活在传统地区的人们淳朴而善良。
句式 3
课文原句
This was more than we could bear, so we decided to change our plan and explore the countryside.
句型框架
某种现状 + be more than sb could bear, so sb decide to + 采取行动
套用替换
This → The pressure/Noise/Heavy workload
we → teenagers/students/young adults
explore the countryside → adjust our lifestyle/relax ourselves/seek a new way
仿写例句
The huge academic pressure was more than students could bear, so they decided to adjust their lifestyle properly.
仿写翻译
巨大的学业压力让学生们不堪重负，因此他们决定适度调整自己的生活方式。
句式 4
课文原句
Even under a clear blue sky, the place still looked forbidding and depressing.
句型框架
Even under + 优越外在条件，+ 主体 + still looked + 负面状态形容词
套用替换
clear blue sky → favorable conditions/perfect circumstances
the place → the city/life/the environment
forbidding and depressing → cold and lonely/troubling and stressful
仿写例句
Even under favorable living conditions, modern life still looks stressful and empty.
仿写翻译
即便拥有优越的生活条件，现代生活依旧显得充满压力且空虚。
句式 5
课文原句
There was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors in this small village.
句型框架
There was no doubt that + 完整陈述句（观点 / 事实）
套用替换
we were unwelcome visitors → the habit matters greatly/technology changes our life/reading benefits teenagers
仿写例句
There was no doubt that reading classic books benefits teenagers greatly.
仿写翻译
毫无疑问，阅读经典书籍对青少年大有裨益。
10个月宝宝每天需要喝多少奶粉？
