Lesson 57 Back in the old country 重返故里
课文：
1.I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map.
我停下车，让汽车发动机冷却一下，同时查看地图。
2.I had expected to be near my objective by now, but everything still seemed alien to me.
我本以为此时已接近目的地，但周围的一切对我来说依然十分陌生。
3.I was only five when my father had taken me abroad, and that was eighteen years ago.
父亲带我出国时，我才五岁，那已是十八年前的事了。
4.When my mother had died after a tragic accident, he did not quickly recover from the shock and loneliness.
母亲在一场意外事故中不幸去世后，父亲久久无法从悲痛与孤独中走出来。
5.Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound.
他身边的一切都留有母亲的影子，一次次揭开他的伤疤。
6.So he decided to emigrate.
于是他决定移居国外。
7.In the new country he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us, so that he gradually ceased to grieve.
在这个陌生的国度里，他一门心思为我们俩开创全新的生活，悲痛也渐渐平息了。
8.He did not marry again and I was brought up without a woman's care; but I lacked for nothing, for he was both father and mother to me.
他没有再婚，我是在没有母亲照料的环境中长大的，但我什么都不缺，因为他既当爹又当妈。
9.He always meant to go back one day, but not to stay.
他一直想着有一天回去看看，但不打算久留。
10.His roots and mine had become too firmly embedded in the new land.
我们俩的根都已经深深扎在了这片新的土地上。
11.But he wanted to see the old folk again and to visit my mother's grave.
但他还是想再见见故乡的老人，去给母亲扫扫墓。
12.He became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to go and, when he knew that he was dying, he made me promise to go on my own.
就在我们计划启程的前几个月，他突然身患绝症。当他知道自己时日无多，便让我答应他一定要独自回去一趟。
13.I hired a car the day after landing and bought a comprehensive book of maps, which I found most helpful on the cross-country journey, but which I did not think I should need on the last stage.
我抵达后的第二天就租了辆车，还买了一本详尽的地图册。这本地图册在我跨国旅行的路上帮了大忙，但我以为最后一段路程用不上它了。
14.It was not that I actually remembered anything at all.
这倒不是说我真的对故乡有什么记忆。
15.But my father had described over and over again what we should see at every milestone, after leaving the nearest town, so that I was positive I should recognize it as familiar territory.
但父亲一遍又一遍地跟我描述，离开最近的小镇后，每到一个里程碑该看到什么，我笃定自己一定能认出这些熟悉的景象。
16.Well, I had been wrong, for I was now lost.
可我错了 —— 我现在迷路了。
17.I looked at the map and then at the milometer.
我看了看地图，又看了看里程表。
18.I had come ten miles since leaving the town, and at this point, according to my father, I should be looking at farms and cottages in a valley, with the spire of the church of our village showing in the far distance.
离开小镇后我已经开了 10 英里，按父亲的说法，这时我应该能看到山谷里的农庄和农舍，远处还能看到我们村教堂的尖顶。
19.I could see no valley, no farms, no cottages and no church spire — only a lake.
可我既没看到山谷，也没看到农庄、农舍和教堂尖顶 —— 眼前只有一片湖泊。
20.I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.
我断定自己一定是在某个路口拐错了弯。
21.So I drove back to the town and began to retrace the route, taking frequent glances at the map.
于是我开车返回小镇，重新沿着原路行驶，时不时地查看地图。
22.I landed up at the same corner.
可最后还是回到了同一个地方。
23.The curious thing was that the lake was not marked on the map.
奇怪的是，地图上根本没有标注这片湖。
24.I felt as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country, as you sometimes do in dreams.
我感觉自己仿佛闯入了一个噩梦般的世界，就像人在梦里会遇到的那样。
25.And, as in a nightmare, there was nobody in sight to help me.
而且，就像在噩梦里一样，四下里连个人影都没有，没人能帮我。
26.Fortunately for me, as I was wondering what to do next, there appeared on the horizon a man on horseback, riding in my direction.
幸运的是，正当我不知所措时，地平线上出现了一个骑马的人，正朝我这边赶来。
27.I waited till he came near, then I asked him the way to our old village.
我等他走近，便上前问路，问他去我们老家的村子怎么走。
28.He said that there was now no village.
他说那个村子早就不存在了。
29.I thought he must have misunderstood me, so I repeated its name.
我以为他没听清，又说了一遍村子的名字。
30.This time he pointed to the lake.
这次他指向了那片湖。
31.The village no longer existed because it had been submerged, and all the valley too.
村子和整个山谷都被淹没了，早已不复存在。
32.The lake was not a natural one, but a man-made reservoir.
这片湖不是天然形成的，而是一座人工水库。
课文分析：
1. I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 (I) + 谓语 (stopped) + 目的状语 (to let... and to study...)
·语法要点：
stop to do sth. 表示 “停下（手头的事）去做另一件事”，注意与stop doing sth.（停止做某事）区分。
两个并列的不定式to let... 和to study... 共同作目的状语，第二个to 不可省略。
cool off 是固定短语，意为 “冷却下来”。
·释义：我停下车，让汽车发动机冷却一下，同时查看地图。
2. I had expected to be near my objective by now, but everything still seemed alien to me.
·句子类型：并列句（由but 连接两个分句）
·核心结构：分句 1 (I had expected...) + but + 分句 2 (everything seemed...)
·语法要点：
分句 1 使用了过去完成时 (had expected)，表示 “过去的过去” 的期望，即 “在我停车看地图之前，我本以为……”。
seem alien to sb. 是固定搭配，意为 “对某人来说似乎很陌生”。
by now 在此语境中，指的是 “在我停车的这个时间点之前”。
·释义：我本以为此时已接近目的地，但周围的一切对我来说依然十分陌生。
3. I was only five when my father had taken me abroad, and that was eighteen years ago.
·句子类型：并列复合句（and 连接两个句子，第一个句子含时间状语从句）
·核心结构：主句 (I was only five) + 时间状语从句 (when my father...) + and + 分句 2 (that was...)
·语法要点：
时间状语从句when my father had taken me abroad 修饰主句，说明 “我五岁” 的具体时间背景。
从句使用过去完成时 (had taken)，强调 “带我出国” 这个动作发生在主句 “我五岁” 之前。
that 指代前面提到的事件（父亲带我出国）。
·释义：父亲带我出国时，我才五岁，那已是十八年前的事了。
4. When my mother had died after a tragic accident, he did not quickly recover from the shock and loneliness.
·句子类型：复合句（含时间状语从句）
·核心结构：时间状语从句 (When my mother...) + 主句 (he did not recover...)
·语法要点：
时间状语从句When my mother had died... 用过去完成时，表示 “母亲去世” 这个动作发生在主句 “他无法恢复” 之前。
after a tragic accident 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰died，说明死因。
recover from 是固定搭配，意为 “从……中恢复过来”。
·释义：母亲在一场意外事故中不幸去世后，父亲久久无法从悲痛与孤独中走出来。
5. Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound.
·句子类型：简单句（含现在分词短语作伴随状语）
·核心结构：主语 (Everything) + 后置定语 (around him) + 谓语 (was full of) + 宾语 (her presence) + 伴随状语 (continually reopening...)
·语法要点：
around him 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰Everything。
be full of 是固定短语，意为 “充满……”。
continually reopening the wound 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示主句动作带来的持续结果，即 “不断揭开伤疤”。
·释义：他身边的一切都留有母亲的影子，一次次揭开他的伤疤。
6. So he decided to emigrate.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 (he) + 谓语 (decided) + 宾语 (to emigrate)
·语法要点：
decide to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “决定做某事”。
emigrate 表示 “移居国外”，注意与immigrate（移入）区分。
·释义：于是他决定移居国外。
7. In the new country he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us, so that he gradually ceased to grieve.
·句子类型：复合句（含结果状语从句）
·核心结构：主句 (he became absorbed...) + 结果状语从句 (so that he ceased...)
·语法要点：
In the new country 是地点状语，位于句首。
become absorbed in (doing) sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “全神贯注于……”。
so that 引导结果状语从句，表示 “因此，以至于……”。
cease to do sth. 意为 “停止做某事”。
·释义：在这个陌生的国度里，他一门心思为我们俩开创全新的生活，悲痛也渐渐平息了。
8. He did not marry again and I was brought up without a woman's care; but I lacked for nothing, for he was both father and mother to me.
·句子类型：并列复合句（由and, ; but, for 连接）
·核心结构：分句 1 (He did not...) + and + 分句 2 (I was brought up...) + ; but + 分句 3 (I lacked for...) + for + 原因状语从句 (he was...)
·语法要点：
was brought up 是被动语态，意为 “被抚养长大”。
lack for nothing 是固定短语，意为 “什么都不缺”。
句末的for 是并列连词，引导原因状语从句，意为 “因为”，语气比because 弱，常用于书面语中补充说明。
·释义：他没有再婚，我是在没有母亲照料的环境中长大的，但我什么都不缺，因为他既当爹又当妈。
9. He always meant to go back one day, but not to stay.
·句子类型：并列句（由but 连接）
·核心结构：分句 1 (He meant to...) + but + 省略结构 (not to stay)
·语法要点：
mean to do sth. 意为 “打算做某事”。
one day 在此指 “将来的某一天”。
but not to stay 是省略结构，完整形式为but he did not mean to stay，为了避免重复，省略了主语和谓语。
·释义：他一直想着有一天回去看看，但不打算久留。
10. His roots and mine had become too firmly embedded in the new land.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 (His roots and mine) + 谓语 (had become embedded) + 状语 (too firmly) + 地点状语 (in the new land)
·语法要点：
mine 是名词性物主代词，指代my roots。
become embedded in 是固定搭配，意为 “扎根于……”。
too firmly 修饰过去分词embedded，表示程度。
·释义：我们俩的根都已经深深扎在了这片新的土地上。
11. But he wanted to see the old folk again and to visit my mother's grave.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 (he) + 谓语 (wanted) + 并列宾语 (to see... and to visit...)
·语法要点：
want to do sth. 意为 “想要做某事”。
两个并列的不定式to see... 和to visit... 共同作wanted的宾语。
old folk 在此指 “家乡的父老乡亲”。
·释义：但他还是想再见见故乡的老人，去给母亲扫扫墓。
12. He became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to go and, when he knew that he was dying, he made me promise to go on my own.
·句子类型：复合句（含时间状语从句和宾语从句）
·核心结构：主句 1 (He became ill...) + 时间状语从句 (before we had planned...) + and + 主句 2 (he made me promise...) + 时间状语从句 (when he knew...) + 宾语从句 (that he was dying)
·语法要点：
mortally ill 意为 “患了绝症，病入膏肓”。
before we had planned to go 中，had planned 是过去完成时，表示 “计划” 这个动作发生在主句 “生病” 之前。
make sb. promise to do sth. 意为 “让某人答应做某事”。
on one's own 意为 “独自，靠自己”。
·释义：就在我们计划启程的前几个月，他突然身患绝症。当他知道自己时日无多，便让我答应他一定要独自回去一趟。
13. I hired a car the day after landing and bought a comprehensive book of maps, which I found most helpful on the cross-country journey, but which I did not think I should need on the last stage.
·句子类型：复合句（含两个非限制性定语从句）
·核心结构：主句 (I hired... and bought...) + 非限制性定语从句 1 (which I found...) + but + 非限制性定语从句 2 (which I did not think...)
·语法要点：
the day after landing 是时间状语，landing 是动名词，意为 “（飞机）着陆”。
两个由which 引导的非限制性定语从句，共同修饰先行词a comprehensive book of maps。
find sth. + adj. 结构，表示 “发现某物……”。
第二个定语从句中，I did not think 是插入语，其后的I should need... 是宾语从句。
·释义：我抵达后的第二天就租了辆车，还买了一本详尽的地图册。这本地图册在我跨国旅行的路上帮了大忙，但我以为最后一段路程用不上它了。
14. It was not that I actually remembered anything at all.
·句子类型：复合句（含表语从句）
·核心结构：主语 (It) + 系动词 (was) + 表语从句 (that I remembered...)
·语法要点：
It was not that... 是一个常用句型，意为 “并不是说……”，用于委婉地否定或解释。
at all 常用于否定句中，加强语气，表示 “根本，一点也不”。
·释义：这倒不是说我真的对故乡有什么记忆。
15. But my father had described over and over again what we should see at every milestone, after leaving the nearest town, so that I was positive I should recognize it as familiar territory.
·句子类型：复合句（含宾语从句、结果状语从句和宾语从句）
·核心结构：主句 (my father had described...) + 宾语从句 (what we should see...) + 结果状语从句 (so that I was positive...) + 宾语从句 (I should recognize...)
·语法要点：
over and over again 意为 “一遍又一遍地”。
describe 后接宾语从句what we should see...。
after leaving the nearest town 是介词短语作时间状语。
so that 引导结果状语从句。
be positive (that)... 意为 “确信……”，后接宾语从句。
recognize sth. as sth. 意为 “认出某物是……”。
·释义：但父亲一遍又一遍地跟我描述，离开最近的小镇后，每到一个里程碑该看到什么，我笃定自己一定能认出这些熟悉的景象。
16. Well, I had been wrong, for I was now lost.
·句子类型：并列句（由for 连接）
·核心结构：分句 1 (I had been wrong) + for + 分句 2 (I was lost)
·语法要点：
had been wrong 是过去完成时，表示 “我之前（以为自己能认路）是错的”。
for 是并列连词，引导原因状语从句，补充说明 “我错了” 的原因，语气较弱。
·释义：可我错了 —— 我现在迷路了。
17. I looked at the map and then at the milometer.
·句子类型：简单句（并列谓语）
·核心结构：主语 (I) + 并列谓语 (looked at... and then at...)
·语法要点：
look at sth. 意为 “看……”。
then at the milometer 是省略结构，完整形式为and then I looked at the milometer，为避免重复，省略了I looked。
milometer 意为 “里程表”。
·释义：我看了看地图，又看了看里程表。
18. I had come ten miles since leaving the town, and at this point, according to my father, I should be looking at farms and cottages in a valley, with the spire of the church of our village showing in the far distance.
·句子类型：并列复合句（由and 连接两个分句，第二个分句含独立主格结构）
·核心结构：分句 1 (I had come...) + and + 分句 2 (I should be looking at...) + 独立主格结构 (with the spire... showing...)
·语法要点：
since leaving the town 是介词短语作时间状语。
at this point 意为 “在这个时候 / 地点”。
according to my father 是插入语。
should be looking at是情态动词should 加进行时，表示 “按道理 / 计划此刻应该正在……”。
with the spire... showing in the far distance 是with 引导的独立主格结构，作伴随状语，补充说明山谷里的景象。
·释义：离开小镇后我已经开了 10 英里，按父亲的说法，这时我应该能看到山谷里的农庄和农舍，远处还能看到我们村教堂的尖顶。
19. I could see no valley, no farms, no cottages and no church spire — only a lake.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 (I) + 谓语 (could see) + 并列宾语 (no valley, no farms, no cottages and no church spire) + 补充说明 (only a lake)
·语法要点：
连续使用四个no 构成排比，强调 “什么都没看到”。
破折号后的only a lake 是对前面内容的补充说明，语气强烈。
·释义：可我既没看到山谷，也没看到农庄、农舍和教堂尖顶 —— 眼前只有一片湖泊。
20. I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.
·句子类型：复合句（含宾语从句）
·核心结构：主语 (I) + 谓语 (decided) + 宾语从句 (that I must have taken...)
·语法要点：
decide 后接宾语从句。
must have done 是对过去事情的肯定推测，意为 “一定是做了某事”。
take a wrong turning是固定搭配，意为 “拐错弯”。
·释义：我断定自己一定是在某个路口拐错了弯。
21. So I drove back to the town and began to retrace the route, taking frequent glances at the map.
·句子类型：简单句（并列谓语，含现在分词短语作伴随状语）
·核心结构：主语 (I) + 并列谓语 (drove back... and began to...) + 伴随状语 (taking frequent glances...)
·语法要点：
retrace the route 意为 “原路返回，重走路线”。
taking frequent glances at the map 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示 “一边开车，一边看地图” 的伴随动作。
take a glance at 意为 “瞥一眼，看一眼”。
·释义：于是我开车返回小镇，重新沿着原路行驶，时不时地查看地图。
22. I landed up at the same corner.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 (I) + 谓语 (landed up) + 地点状语 (at the same corner)
·语法要点：
1.land up 是固定短语，意为 “最终处于（某种状态或地方）”，常带有无奈或意外的语气。
·释义：可最后还是回到了同一个地方。
23. The curious thing was that the lake was not marked on the map.
·句子类型：复合句（含表语从句）
·核心结构：主语 (The curious thing) + 系动词 (was) + 表语从句 (that the lake was not marked...)
·语法要点：
The curious thing was that... 是常用句型，意为 “奇怪的是……”。
was not marked 是被动语态，意为 “没有被标注”。
·释义：奇怪的是，地图上根本没有标注这片湖。
24. I felt as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country, as you sometimes do in dreams.
·句子类型：复合句（含方式状语从句和方式状语从句）
·核心结构：主句 (I felt) + 方式状语从句 1 (as if I had stumbled into...) + 方式状语从句 2 (as you sometimes do...)
·语法要点：
feel as if... 意为 “感觉好像……”，引导的从句常用虚拟语气。此处had stumbled 是对过去的虚拟，表示与事实不符。
stumble into 意为 “无意中闯入，跌跌撞撞地进入”。
第二个as 引导方式状语从句，意为 “就像…… 一样”，从句中do指代前面的stumble into a nightmare country。
·释义：我感觉自己仿佛闯入了一个噩梦般的世界，就像人在梦里会遇到的那样。
25. And, as in a nightmare, there was nobody in sight to help me.
·句子类型：简单句（there be 句型）
·核心结构：状语 (as in a nightmare) + there be 句型 (there was nobody) + 后置定语 (in sight) + 后置定语 (to help me)
·语法要点：
as in a nightmare 是省略的方式状语从句，完整形式为as there is nobody to help you in a nightmare。
in sight 意为 “看得见，在视线范围内”。
to help me 是不定式作后置定语，修饰nobody。
·释义：而且，就像在噩梦里一样，四下里连个人影都没有，没人能帮我。
26. Fortunately for me, as I was wondering what to do next, there appeared on the horizon a man on horseback, riding in my direction.
·句子类型：复合句（含时间状语从句和宾语从句）
·核心结构：状语 (Fortunately for me) + 时间状语从句 (as I was wondering...) + 宾语从句 (what to do next) + 主句 (there appeared...)
·语法要点：
Fortunately for me 是评注性状语。
wonder what to do 意为 “不知道该做什么”。
there appeared... 是倒装句，正常语序为a man on horseback appeared on the horizon。为了强调地点on the horizon，将其提前，句子倒装。
riding in my direction 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a man。
·释义：幸运的是，正当我不知所措时，地平线上出现了一个骑马的人，正朝我这边赶来。
27. I waited till he came near, then I asked him the way to our old village.
·句子类型：并列复合句（由then 连接两个分句，第一个分句含时间状语从句）
·核心结构：分句 1 (I waited) + 时间状语从句 (till he came near) + then + 分句 2 (I asked him...)
·语法要点：
till 引导时间状语从句，意为 “直到……”。
ask sb. the way to... 意为 “向某人打听去…… 的路”。
·释义：我等他走近，便上前问路，问他去我们老家的村子怎么走。
28. He said that there was now no village.
·句子类型：复合句（含宾语从句）
·核心结构：主语 (He) + 谓语 (said) + 宾语从句 (that there was no village)
·语法要点：
1.said 后接宾语从句，从句使用过去时，时态与主句保持一致。
2.there was no village 表示 “村子已经不存在了”。
·释义：他说那个村子早就不存在了。
29. I thought he must have misunderstood me, so I repeated its name.
·句子类型：复合句（含宾语从句，由so 连接结果）
·核心结构：分句 1 (I thought) + 宾语从句 (he must have misunderstood...) + so + 分句 2 (I repeated...)
·语法要点：
thought 后接宾语从句。
must have misunderstood 是对过去事情的肯定推测，意为 “一定是误解了”。
so 引导结果状语从句，表示 “因此，于是”。
·释义：我以为他没听清，又说了一遍村子的名字。
30. This time he pointed to the lake.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 (he) + 谓语 (pointed to) + 宾语 (the lake)
·语法要点：
point to 意为 “指向……”。
This time 作时间状语。
·释义：这次他指向了那片湖。
31. The village no longer existed because it had been submerged, and all the valley too.
·句子类型：复合句（含原因状语从句，由and 连接并列成分）
·核心结构：主句 (The village no longer existed) + 原因状语从句 (because it had been submerged) + and + 省略结构 (all the valley too)
·语法要点：
no longer 意为 “不再”。
because 引导原因状语从句，从句使用过去完成时的被动语态had been submerged，表示 “被淹没” 发生在主句 “村子不存在” 之前。
and all the valley too 是省略结构，完整形式为and all the valley had been submerged too。
·释义：村子和整个山谷都被淹没了，早已不复存在。
32. The lake was not a natural one, but a man-made reservoir.
·句子类型：简单句（含not... but... 结构）
·核心结构：主语 (The lake) + 系动词 (was) + 表语 1 (not a natural one) + but + 表语 2 (a man-made reservoir)
·语法要点：
not... but... 是固定搭配，意为 “不是…… 而是……”，用于否定前者，肯定后者。
one 是代词，指代前面的lake。
man-made 是复合形容词，意为 “人造的”。
·释义：这片湖不是天然形成的，而是一座人工水库。
词汇：
一、核心词汇
1.alien /ˈeɪliən/adj. 陌生的；格格不入的；异域的
语境：形容环境、事物让人感到生疏违和
变形：alienation n. 疏离感；alienate v. 使疏远
2.objective /əbˈdʒektɪv/n. 目的地；目标 adj. 客观的
辨析：goal（短期目标）/aim（目的）/objective（正式、具象目标 / 地点）
3.tragic /ˈtrædʒɪk/adj. 悲剧的；惨痛的
变形：tragedy n. 悲剧；tragically adv. 悲惨地
4.emigrate /ˈemɪɡreɪt/v. 移居国外
易混辨析：
emigrate 迁出（本国→外国）
immigrate 迁入（外国→本国）
migrate 迁徙、流动（无国界）
5.mortally /ˈmɔːtəli/adv. 致命地；极度地
词根：mortal adj. 终有一死的；致命的；immortal adj. 不朽的
6.comprehensive /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/adj. 详尽的；全面的
搭配：comprehensive map 详图；comprehensive plan 统筹规划
7.milestone /ˈmaɪlstəʊn/n. 里程碑；人生转折点
引申：milestone in life 人生里程碑
8.territory /ˈterətri/n. 领地；地域；故土
9.submerge /səbˈmɜːdʒ/v. 淹没；浸没
变形：submerged adj. 被淹没的；submersion n. 淹没
10.reservoir /ˈrezəvwɑː(r)/n. 水库；蓄水池
11.continually /kənˈtɪnjuəli/adv. 持续不断地；反复地
辨析：continually（有间断的反复）/continuously（无间断持续）
12.embed /ɪmˈbed/v. 扎根；嵌入；深埋
高频被动：be embedded in 扎根于
二、高级固定搭配
1.cool off冷却；冷静下来
原句：I stopped to let the car cool off...
精讲：动词短语，本义降温，抽象义 “平复情绪”
写作复用：cool off one’s emotion 平复情绪
2.recover from从…… 中恢复（身心 / 创伤）
原句：...did not quickly recover from the shock and loneliness.
精讲：高频书面搭配，后接灾难、创伤、打击、疾病
3.be full of one’s presence处处留有某人的痕迹 / 身影
原句：Everything around him was full of her presence...
精讲：文学性高级表达，替代简单的 remind sb. of sb.
4.become absorbed in全身心投入；专注于
原句：In the new country he became absorbed in making a new life...
精讲：in 为介词，后接doing，书面高级替换 be busy with
5.cease to do sth.停止做某事
原句：...he gradually ceased to grieve.
精讲：正式书面语，替换 stop doing /give up doing
6.be brought up被抚养长大
原句：I was brought up without a woman's care.
精讲：被动必考短语，bring up 还可表示 “提出、培养”
7.lack for nothing一无所缺；衣食无忧
原句：But I lacked for nothing...
精讲：固定特殊搭配，lack 单独使用及物，lack for 多用于否定
8.be embedded in深深扎根于
原句：His roots and mine had become too firmly embedded in the new land.
精讲：哲理类写作万能搭配，可用于文化、思想、归属感
9.on one’s own独自地；靠自己
原句：...he made me promise to go on my own.
替换升级：independently /by oneself
10.over and over again反反复复；再三
原句：my father had described over and over again what we should see...
11. take a wrong turning拐错弯；走入歧途
原句：I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.
引申写作：take a wrong turning in life 人生误入歧途
11.retrace the route原路返回；回溯来路
书面高级词汇，旅游、叙事类文本高频
12.land up + 地点最终抵达（无奈 / 意外结局）
原句：I landed up at the same corner.
语气：暗含宿命、徒劳，写作增色短语
13.in sight在视野内；看得见
原句：...there was nobody in sight to help me.
反义：out of sight 看不见
14.stumble into误入；无意间闯入
原句：I felt as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country.
文学描写专用，替代 enter accidentally
15.no longer不再
原句：The village no longer existed...
语法位置：助动词 / 系动词后，实义动词前
三、拓展高频搭配
1. 情绪 & 生活类拓展
·emotional shock 精神打击
·lingering grief 久久无法释怀的悲伤
·severe loneliness 深度孤独
·settle in a foreign country 在异国定居
2. 地点 & 环境类拓展
·remote village 偏远村落
·natural landscape 自然风貌
·man-made facility 人造设施
·geographical territory 地理疆域
3. 推测 & 情态高级搭配（语法必考）
·must have done对过去肯定推测一定做过……
·should have done本应该做（实际没做）
·seem alien to sb.对某人而言十分陌生
4. 文化与归属感（大作文万能）
·cultural roots 文化根基
·sense of belonging 归属感
·emigrate for a better life 为美好生活移民
·break with the past 与过去割裂
5. 被动高频搭配（长难句核心）
·be marked on the map 被标注在地图上
·be submerged by flood 被洪水淹没
·be mortally wounded 受致命伤
四、重点语法搭配补充
1.It was not that...并不是……（委婉解释句型）
例句：It was not that I forgot, but that I had no time.
2.be positive that + 从句确信……
3.with + 宾语 + 现在分词伴随状语
例：with the spire showing in the distance
4.as if + 虚拟语气仿佛、好像（与现实相反）
长难句分析：
长难句 1
Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound.
①语法结构
简单句 + 现在分词作结果 / 伴随状语
主干：Everything was full of her presence.
定语：around him 介词短语后置定语，修饰 everything
状语：continually reopening the wound（现在分词短语）
②核心语法点 & 注意事项
- 现在分词 doing 表自然而然的结果
主语是前面整件事，主动关系，用 doing；
若被动 / 完成，用 done /having done。
- 后置定语高频考点：
地点介词短语around/ in/ on/ of + 名词放名词后修饰。
- 固定结构：be full of + 抽象名词（文学描写高频）
③翻译
他身边的一切都留有她的影子，不断揭开他内心的伤疤。
长难句 2
In the new country he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us, so that he gradually ceased to grieve.
①语法结构
主句 + so that 引导结果状语从句
主句：he became absorbed in making a new life
从句：so that he gradually ceased to grieve
②核心语法点 & 注意事项
- so that 两大用法必区分
- 表结果：因此、以至于（本句）
- 表目的：为了、以便（从句常配 can/may/will）
- 高频陷阱：
be absorbed in + doing
in 是介词，后面必须接动名词，不能加 to do。
- 高级替换：cease to do = stop doing（书面正式用语）
③翻译
在异国他乡，他一心为我们二人打造新生活，于是渐渐不再悲伤。
长难句 3（超高难并列复合句）
He did not marry again and I was brought up without a woman's care; but I lacked for nothing, for he was both father and mother to me.
①语法结构
并列多重复合句
- 分句 1：He did not marry again
- 分句 2：and I was brought up…（被动语态）
- 转折分句：but I lacked for nothing
- 原因分句：for + 完整句子补充原因
②核心语法点 & 注意事项
- for 作并列连词 = 因为
⚠️重点区别：
- because：直接因果，语气强，放句首 / 句中
- for：并列连词，只能放句中，前加逗号，补充说明理由，书面高级
- 被动语态 be brought up
bring up 熟词生义：抚养长大；提出；培养
- 固定搭配：lack for nothing 衣食无忧、一无所缺
③翻译
他没有再婚，我在缺少女性照料的环境中长大；但我一无所缺，因为他一人分饰父母两角。
长难句 4（必背经典长难句）
He became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to go and, when he knew that he was dying, he made me promise to go on my own.
①语法结构
并列句 + 时间状语从句 + 宾语从句
- 主干 1：He became mortally ill
- 时间从句：before we had planned to go
- 插入时间状语从句：when he knew that…
- 主干 2：he made me promise to…
②核心语法点 & 注意事项
- 过去完成时 had planned
“过去的过去”：计划旅行发生在身患绝症之前，时态必用过去完成时。
- make sb. do sth. 使役动词考点
make /let/have + 宾语 + 动词原形
被动时还原 to：be made to do
- 多层从句嵌套：
when 从句里嵌套 that 宾语从句，阅读要分层拆分。
③翻译
就在我们计划启程的数月前，他身患绝症；当自知时日无多，他让我发誓独自返乡。
长难句 5（本课最难｜双定语从句嵌套）
I hired a car the day after landing and bought a comprehensive book of maps, which I found most helpful on the cross-country journey, but which I did not think I should need on the last stage.
①语法结构
主句 + 两个非限制性定语从句并列
主干：I hired a car and bought a book of maps
先行词：a comprehensive book of maps
从句 1：which I found most helpful…
从句 2：but which I did not think…
②核心语法点 & 注意事项
- 非限制性定语从句 which
逗号隔开，不能用 that；指代前面整本书。
- find + 宾语 + 形容词宾补结构
find sth. helpful / useful / difficult
- 插入语割裂句式
I did not think 是插入语，
真正从句核心：(that) I should need…
- 并列从句结构：
…which… , but which…结构高级，写作可直接模仿。
③翻译
落地次日我租了车，买了一本地图大全；这本图集在长途跨省旅行中用处极大，可我原以为最后一段路程用不上。
长难句 6（特殊表语从句句型）
It was not that I actually remembered anything at all.
①语法结构
固定句型：It was not that + 表语从句
主干：It was not that …
②核心语法点 & 注意事项
- 万能写作句型：
It was not that…, but that…
不是……，而是……（雅思 / 作文高级对比句型）
- not… at all否定加强：根本、完全不
- that 引导表语从句，不可省略。
③翻译
倒不是说我真的对故土存有任何记忆。
长难句 7（with 独立主格高频考点）
I had come ten miles since leaving the town, and at this point, according to my father, I should be looking at farms and cottages in a valley, with the spire of the church of our village showing in the far distance.
①语法结构
并列句 + with 伴随状语（独立主格）
主干：I should be looking at farms and cottages
伴随结构：with + 宾语 (the spire) + 现在分词 (showing)
②核心语法点 & 注意事项
- with + n. + doing必考结构
表场景伴随、背景描写；
主动关系用 doing，被动用 done。
- should be doing
情态动词 + 进行时：按理此刻应该正在……
- 插入语分割：according to my father 割裂主干，阅读要先跳过插入语找主谓。
③翻译
离开小镇我已行驶十英里，按父亲的描述，此刻我本该望见山谷间的农庄村舍，村庄教堂的尖顶远远矗立在视野尽头。
长难句 8（as if 虚拟语气长难句）
I felt as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country, as you sometimes do in dreams.
①语法结构
主句 + as if 方式状语从句（虚拟语气）
②核心语法点 & 注意事项
- as if 虚拟语气规则
与过去事实相反：从句用had done
本句现实：并没有闯入噩梦之地，所以用虚拟。
- 第二个 as 引导比较从句：as you do 正如你会做的那样。
- stumble into 无意外闯入，书面高级动词。
③翻译
我仿佛误入了一片噩梦之地，一如人在梦中时常遭遇的光景。
句型：
句型 1
课文原句
Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound.
核心句型
Everything around sb. is full of A, continually doing B.
套用逻辑
周边事物满是某物 / 回忆，持续带来某种影响（写景、抒情、反思类作文通用）
仿写示例
Everything around us is full of sweet memories, continually warming our hearts.
例句翻译
我们周遭的一切都充满了甜蜜的回忆，不断温暖着我们的内心。
句型 2
课文原句
He became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us, so that he gradually ceased to grieve.
核心句型
Sb. becomes absorbed in doing sth., so that he gradually ceases to do sth.
套用逻辑
专注于某事，从而慢慢摆脱负面状态（成长、解压、个人提升类作文）
仿写示例
She became absorbed in reading every day, so that she gradually ceased to feel lonely.
例句翻译
她全身心投入日常阅读之中，从而慢慢不再感到孤独。
句型 3
课文原句
His roots and mine had become too firmly embedded in the new land.
核心句型
A and B have become too firmly embedded in + 抽象名词/环境
套用逻辑
价值观、习惯、情感、文化深深扎根，适用于文化、归属感、教育类大作文
仿写示例
Traditional values and social virtues have become too firmly embedded in our daily life.
例句翻译
传统价值观与社会美德早已深深扎根在我们的日常生活之中。
句型 4
课文原句
It was not that I actually remembered anything at all.
核心句型
It was not that sb. actually did sth. at all.
套用逻辑
委婉否定、让步转折，用来反驳观点、解释原因，雅思 / 高考作文高分衔接句
仿写示例
It was not that I actually ignored the problem at all.
例句翻译
事实并非我完全无视了这个问题。
句型 5
课文原句
I felt as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country, as you sometimes do in dreams.
核心句型
Sb. feels as if he had done sth., as people often do in certain situations.
套用逻辑
虚拟语气描写感受、心境、陌生环境，适合环境描写、情感类、叙事类作文
仿写示例
I felt as if I had stepped into a totally different world, as people often do in strange places.
例句翻译
我仿佛踏入了一个完全陌生的世界，正如人们身处异乡时常有的感受。
