Lesson 46 "Do it yourself"
课文原文：
So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labour.
我们自己动手做事的热情如此之高，以至于我们对专业劳动的依赖正变得越来越少。
No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer, for there are countless do-it-yourself publications.
人们再也不能以对某一问题一无所知为借口了，因为有无数的 “自己动手” 类的出版物。
Armed with the right tools and materials, newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.
新婚夫妇们备齐合适的工具和材料，兴高采烈地开始装饰自己的家。
Men, particularly, spend hours of their leisure time installing their own fireplaces, laying out their own gardens; building garages and making furniture.
尤其是男人们，会花上好几个小时的闲暇时间安装壁炉、设计花园、建造车库、制作家具。
Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own computers.
有些真正的狂热爱好者甚至自己组装电脑。
Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices, but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home.
商店为了迎合 “自己动手” 的热潮，不仅为新手开设了专门的咨询服务，还为顾客提供可以在家自行组装的零件。
Such things provide an excellent outlet for pent up creative energy, but unfortunately not all of us are born handymen.
这些东西为人们被压抑的创造力提供了一个极好的宣泄途径，但不幸的是，并非我们所有人都是天生的能工巧匠。
Some wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and can fix anything.
有些妻子往往认为自己的丈夫足智多谋，什么都能修好。
Even men who can hardly drive a nail in straight are supposed to be born electricians, carpenters, plumbers and mechanics.
即便是连钉子都钉不直的男人，也被认为是天生的电工、木匠、水管工和机械师。
When lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, some women assume that their husbands will somehow put things right.
当保险丝烧断、家具摇晃、水管堵塞或吸尘器坏了的时候，有些妻子总觉得丈夫总能把东西修好。
The worst thing about the do-it-yourself game is that sometimes even men live under the delusion that they can do anything, even when they have repeatedly been proved wrong.
自己动手这件事最糟糕的地方在于，有时就连男人自己也抱有错觉，认为自己什么都能做，即便事实一再证明他们做不到。
It is a question of pride as much as anything else.
这很大程度上是个面子问题。
Last spring my wife suggested that I call in a man to look at our lawn mower.
去年春天，我妻子建议我请个人来看看我们的割草机。
It had broken down the previous summer, and though I promised to repair it, I had never got round to it.
它在前一年夏天就坏了，虽然我答应过要修，但一直没抽出时间。
I would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it myself.
我不肯听她的建议，说我自己来修。
One Saturday afternoon, I hauled the machine into the garden and had a close look at it.
一个周六的下午，我把割草机拖到花园里，仔细查看了一番。
As far as I could see, it needed only a minor adjustment: a turn of a screw here, a little tightening up there, a drop of oil and it would be as good as new.
在我看来，它只需要一点小小的调整：这里拧一颗螺丝，那里紧一紧，再上一滴油，就能像新的一样了。
Inevitably the repair job was not quite so simple.
不可避免的是，修理工作远没有那么简单。
The mower firmly refused to mow, so I decided to dismantle it.
割草机死活不肯工作，于是我决定把它拆开。
The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal which had once made up a lawn mower.
花园里很快就散落了一地原本是割草机零件的金属块。
But I was extremely pleased with myself. I had traced the cause of the trouble.
但我对自己满意极了，我终于找到了问题所在。
One of the links in the chain that drives the wheels had snapped.
驱动轮子的链条断了一节。
After buying a new chain I was faced with the insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together again.
买了新链条后，我却面临着一个无法完成的任务：把这堆乱七八糟的零件重新组装起来。
I was not surprised to find that the machine still refused to work after I had reassembled it, for the simple reason that I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal which did not seem to fit anywhere.
组装好后，割草机还是不肯工作，我一点也不意外，因为我还剩下几个形状奇怪的金属零件，怎么也装不上去。
I gave up in despair.
我绝望地放弃了。
The weeks passed and the grass grew.
几周过去了，草越长越高。
When my wife nagged me to do something about it, I told her that either I would have to buy a new mower or let the grass grow.
当妻子唠叨着让我想办法时，我告诉她，我要么买台新割草机，要么就让草长着。
Needless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle.
不用说，我们家现在已经被一片 “丛林” 包围了。
Buried somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawn mower which I have promised to repair one day.
草丛深处的某个地方，埋着一台生锈的割草机，我还承诺过总有一天会把它修好。
课文分析：
1. So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labour.
·句子类型：复合句（倒装强调句 + 结果状语从句）
·核心结构：So + 形容词 + be动词 + 主语 + that + 结果状语从句
·语法要点：
1.句首 So great 引起部分倒装，正常语序为 Our passion for doing things for ourselves is so great that...，倒装用于强烈强调程度。
2.so...that... 引导结果状语从句，意为 “如此…… 以至于……”。
3.固定搭配：passion for (doing) sth.（对做某事的热情）；be dependent on（依赖于……）。
4.increasingly less 构成双重比较级，表示 “越来越不……”。
·释义：我们自己动手做事的热情如此之高，以至于我们对专业劳动的依赖正变得越来越少。
2. No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer, for there are countless do-it-yourself publications.
·句子类型：并列句（由并列连词 for 连接）
·核心结构：主句, for + 原因分句（there be句型）
·语法要点：
1.for 为并列连词，补充说明原因，语气比 because 弱，不能置于句首。
2.固定搭配：plead ignorance of sth.（以对某事无知为借口）；not...any longer（不再……）。
3.countless 为形容词，意为 “无数的”，修饰 publications。
·释义：人们再也不能以对某一问题一无所知为借口了，因为有无数的 “自己动手” 类的出版物。
3. Armed with the right tools and materials, newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.
·句子类型：简单句（含过去分词短语作状语）
·核心结构：过去分词短语作伴随状语, 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
·语法要点：
1.Armed with... 为过去分词短语作伴随状语，逻辑主语是主句主语 newlyweds，二者为被动关系（被…… 武装 / 备有……）。
2.固定搭配：be armed with（备有……）；embark on sth.（着手做某事）；the task of doing sth.（做某事的任务）。
3.newlyweds 为复数名词，意为 “新婚夫妇”；gaily为副词，修饰动词 embark。
·释义：新婚夫妇们备齐合适的工具和材料，兴高采烈地开始装饰自己的家。
4. Men, particularly, spend hours of their leisure time installing their own fireplaces, laying out their own gardens; building garages and making furniture.
·句子类型：简单句（含并列的现在分词短语）
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 现在分词短语作方式状语
·语法要点：
1.固定搭配：spend time (in) doing sth.（花费时间做某事），句中省略了介词 in。
2.installing... laying out... building... making... 为并列的现在分词短语，作方式状语，说明 spend leisure time 的具体内容。
3.particularly 为插入语，意为 “尤其”，起强调作用；lay out 为固定短语，意为 “设计、布置”。
·释义：尤其是男人们，会花上好几个小时的闲暇时间安装壁炉、设计花园、建造车库、制作家具。
5. Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own computers.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + so far as to do sth.
·语法要点：
1.固定搭配：go so far as to do sth.（竟然到了做某事的地步，甚至……），表示程度。
2.keen enthusiasts 意为 “狂热的爱好者”，keen在此处为形容词，意为 “热衷的、强烈的”。
·释义：有些真正的狂热爱好者甚至自己组装电脑。
6. Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices, but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home.
·句子类型：复合句（含定语从句，同时含 not only...but also... 并列结构）
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + not only by doing A, but by doing B（含定语从句）
·语法要点：
1.not only...but (also)... 连接两个并列的介词短语 by running... 和 by offering...，表示方式。
2.which they can assemble at home 为定语从句，修饰先行词 bits and pieces（零件），which 在从句中作 assemble 的宾语。
3.固定搭配：cater for sth.（迎合、满足…… 的需求）；bits and pieces（零碎物品、零件）。
·释义：商店为了迎合 “自己动手” 的热潮，不仅为新手开设了专门的咨询服务，还为顾客提供可以在家自行组装的零件。
7. Such things provide an excellent outlet for pent up creative energy, but unfortunately not all of us are born handymen.
·句子类型：并列句（由并列连词 but 连接）
·核心结构：分句1, but + 分句2
·语法要点：
1.but 为并列连词，表示转折关系。
2.固定搭配：provide an outlet for sth.（为…… 提供宣泄途径 / 出口）；pent up 为形容词短语，意为 “被压抑的”，修饰 creative energy。
3.not all of us 表示部分否定，意为 “并非我们所有人”；born handymen 意为 “天生的能工巧匠”。
·释义：这些东西为人们被压抑的创造力提供了一个极好的宣泄途径，但不幸的是，并非我们所有人都是天生的能工巧匠。
8. Some wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and can fix anything.
·句子类型：复合句（含宾语从句）
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + that引导的宾语从句（含并列谓语）
·语法要点：
1.that 引导宾语从句，作 believe 的宾语。
2.宾语从句中，are infinitely resourceful 和 can fix anything 为并列谓语，共用主语 their husbands。
3.固定搭配：tend to do sth.（倾向于做某事）；infinitely resourceful 意为 “足智多谋的”。
·释义：有些妻子往往认为自己的丈夫足智多谋，什么都能修好。
9. Even men who can hardly drive a nail in straight are supposed to be born electricians, carpenters, plumbers and mechanics.
·句子类型：复合句（含定语从句）
·核心结构：主语（含定语从句） + 被动语态谓语 + 主语补足语
·语法要点：
1.who can hardly drive a nail in straight 为定语从句，修饰先行词 men，who在从句中作主语。
2.被动语态 are supposed to be 意为 “被认为是……”。
3.hardly 为否定副词，意为 “几乎不”；drive a nail in straight 意为 “把钉子钉直”。
·释义：即便是连钉子都钉不直的男人，也被认为是天生的电工、木匠、水管工和机械师。
10. When lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, some women assume that their husbands will somehow put things right.
·句子类型：复合句（含时间状语从句和宾语从句）
·核心结构：When + 并列的时间状语从句, 主句 + that引导的宾语从句
·语法要点：
1.When 引导时间状语从句，从句中由 or 连接四个并列的分句：lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate。
2.that 引导宾语从句，作 assume 的宾语。
3.固定搭配：put things right（把事情 / 东西修好、纠正过来）；fail to do sth.（未能做某事）。
4.词汇：fuse（保险丝烧断）；rickety（摇晃的）；clogged（堵塞的）。
·释义：当保险丝烧断、家具摇晃、水管堵塞或吸尘器坏了的时候，有些妻子总觉得丈夫总能把东西修好。
11. The worst thing about the do-it-yourself game is that sometimes even men live under the delusion that they can do anything, even when they have repeatedly been proved wrong.
·句子类型：复合句（含表语从句、同位语从句和让步状语从句）
·核心结构：主语 + be动词 + that引导的表语从句（含同位语从句和让步状语从句）
·语法要点：
1.第一个 that 引导表语从句，作 is 的表语。
2.第二个 that 引导同位语从句，解释说明先行词 delusion（错觉）的具体内容。
3.even when 引导让步状语从句，意为 “即使当…… 的时候”，从句使用了被动语态 have repeatedly been proved wrong。
4.固定搭配：live under the delusion that...（抱有…… 的错觉）。
·释义：自己动手这件事最糟糕的地方在于，有时就连男人自己也抱有错觉，认为自己什么都能做，即便事实一再证明他们做不到。
12. It is a question of pride as much as anything else.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 + be动词 + 表语 + as much as anything else
·语法要点：
1.as much as anything else 为固定表达，意为 “和其他任何事情一样，同样是……”，强调程度。
2.a question of pride 意为 “面子问题”。
·释义：这很大程度上是个面子问题。
13. Last spring my wife suggested that I call in a man to look at our lawn mower.
·句子类型：复合句（含宾语从句）
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + that引导的宾语从句（虚拟语气）
·语法要点：
1.suggest 表示 “建议” 时，其后的宾语从句需使用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形，句中省略了 should，直接用 call。
2.固定搭配：call in sb. to do sth.（请某人来做某事）；look at sth.（查看某物）。
·释义：去年春天，我妻子建议我请个人来看看我们的割草机。
14. It had broken down the previous summer, and though I promised to repair it, I had never got round to it.
·句子类型：并列复合句（由 and 连接两个分句，第二个分句含让步状语从句）
·核心结构：分句1, and + though引导的让步状语从句, 主句
·语法要点：
1.and 连接两个并列分句；第二个分句中，though 引导让步状语从句。
2.时态：had broken down 为过去完成时，表示 “过去的过去” 发生的动作（在 suggested 之前）；had never got round to it 也为过去完成时，表示到过去某个时间点为止尚未完成的动作。
3.固定搭配：break down（出故障、坏掉）；get round to doing sth.（终于抽出时间做某事）；promise to do sth.（答应做某事）。
·释义：它在前一年夏天就坏了，虽然我答应过要修，但一直没抽出时间。
15. I would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it myself.
·句子类型：复合句（含宾语从句）
·核心结构：主语 + 并列谓语 + that引导的宾语从句
·语法要点：
1.and 连接两个并列谓语 would not hear of 和 said。
2.that 引导宾语从句，作 said 的宾语；从句中 would fix 为过去将来时，表示从过去的角度看将要发生的动作。
3.固定搭配：would not hear of sth.（不肯听、拒绝接受某事）。
·释义：我不肯听她的建议，说我自己来修。
16. One Saturday afternoon, I hauled the machine into the garden and had a close look at it.
·句子类型：简单句（含并列谓语）
·核心结构：时间状语, 主语 + 并列谓语 + 宾语
·语法要点：
1.and 连接两个并列谓语 hauled 和 had，时态均为一般过去时。
2.固定搭配：haul sth. into...（把某物拖进……）；have a close look at sth.（仔细查看某物）。
·释义：一个周六的下午，我把割草机拖到花园里，仔细查看了一番。
17. As far as I could see, it needed only a minor adjustment: a turn of a screw here, a little tightening up there, a drop of oil and it would be as good as new.
·句子类型：并列句（含插入语和解释说明）
·核心结构：插入语, 主句 + 冒号后的并列解释说明
·语法要点：
1.As far as I could see 为插入语，意为 “在我看来”。
2.冒号后用并列的名词短语 a turn of a screw here, a little tightening up there, a drop of oil 解释说明 minor adjustment 的具体内容。
3.and 连接最后一个分句 it would be as good as new，表示结果。
4.固定搭配：as good as new（像新的一样）；tighten up（拧紧）。
·释义：在我看来，它只需要一点小小的调整：这里拧一颗螺丝，那里紧一紧，再上一滴油，就能像新的一样了。
18. Inevitably the repair job was not quite so simple.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：状语, 主语 + be动词 + 表语
·语法要点：
1.Inevitably 为副词作状语，修饰整个句子，意为 “不可避免地”。
2.not quite so simple 意为 “并非那么简单”，表示程度上的否定。
·释义：不可避免的是，修理工作远没有那么简单。
19. The mower firmly refused to mow, so I decided to dismantle it.
·句子类型：并列句（由并列连词 so 连接）
·核心结构：分句1, so + 分句2
·语法要点：
1.so 为并列连词，表示因果关系，意为 “所以、于是”。
2.固定搭配：refuse to do sth.（拒绝做某事）；decide to do sth.（决定做某事）。
3.firmly refused 意为 “坚决不肯、死活不肯”，语气强烈。
·释义：割草机死活不肯工作，于是我决定把它拆开。
20. The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal which had once made up a lawn mower.
·句子类型：复合句（含定语从句）
·核心结构：主语 + 被动语态谓语 + 宾语 + which引导的定语从句
·语法要点：
1.which had once made up a lawn mower 为定语从句，修饰先行词 chunks of metal，which 在从句中作主语。
2.固定搭配：be littered with sth.（散落着……）；make up（组成、构成）。
3.had once made up 为过去完成时，表示在 was littered 之前就已经存在的动作。
·释义：花园里很快就散落了一地原本是割草机零件的金属块。
21. But I was extremely pleased with myself. I had traced the cause of the trouble.
·句子类型：两个独立的简单句
·核心结构：分句1; 分句2
·语法要点：
1.固定搭配：be pleased with oneself（对自己感到满意、自鸣得意）；trace the cause of sth.（找出某事的原因）。
2.had traced 为过去完成时，表示在 was pleased 之前完成的动作。
·释义：但我对自己满意极了，我终于找到了问题所在。
22. One of the links in the chain that drives the wheels had snapped.
·句子类型：复合句（含定语从句）
·核心结构：主语（含定语从句） + 过去完成时谓语
·语法要点：
1.that drives the wheels 为定语从句，修饰先行词 the chain，that 在从句中作主语。
2.One of the links 意为 “其中一节链环”，作句子主语。
3.had snapped 为过去完成时，意为 “（突然）断裂”。
·释义：驱动轮子的链条断了一节。
23. After buying a new chain I was faced with the insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together again.
·句子类型：简单句（含介词短语作状语）
·核心结构：介词短语作时间状语, 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
·语法要点：
1.After buying a new chain 为介词短语作时间状语，逻辑主语是主句主语 I，主动关系，故用现在分词 buying。
2.固定搭配：be faced with sth.（面临……）；the task of doing sth.（做某事的任务）；put...together（把…… 组装起来）。
3.词汇：insurmountable（无法克服的、难以应付的）；jigsaw puzzle（拼图游戏，此处比喻复杂的零件）。
·释义：买了新链条后，我却面临着一个无法完成的任务：把这堆乱七八糟的零件重新组装起来。
24. I was not surprised to find that the machine still refused to work after I had reassembled it, for the simple reason that I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal which did not seem to fit anywhere.
·句子类型：复合句（含宾语从句、原因状语从句、同位语从句和定语从句）
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语从句（含时间状语从句）, for the simple reason that + 同位语从句（含定语从句）
·语法要点：
1.that the machine still refused to work 为宾语从句，作 find 的宾语；从句中 after I had reassembled it 为时间状语从句。
2.for the simple reason that... 为原因状语从句，that 引导同位语从句，解释说明 reason 的具体内容。
3.which did not seem to fit anywhere 为定语从句，修饰先行词 several curiously shaped bits of metal，which 在从句中作主语。
4.固定搭配：be surprised to do sth.（做某事感到惊讶）；be left with sth.（剩下某物）；fit anywhere（装不上任何地方）。
·释义：组装好后，割草机还是不肯工作，我一点也不意外，因为我还剩下几个形状奇怪的金属零件，怎么也装不上去。
25. I gave up in despair.
·句子类型：简单句
·核心结构：主语 + 谓语 + 状语
·语法要点：
1.固定搭配：give up（放弃）；in despair（绝望地，作方式状语）。
·释义：我绝望地放弃了。
26. The weeks passed and the grass grew.
·句子类型：并列句（由并列连词 and 连接）
·核心结构：分句1 and 分句2
·语法要点：
1.and 连接两个并列分句，时态均为一般过去时 passed 和 grew。
·释义：几周过去了，草越长越高。
27. When my wife nagged me to do something about it, I told her that either I would have to buy a new mower or let the grass grow.
·句子类型：复合句（含时间状语从句和宾语从句）
·核心结构：When引导的时间状语从句, 主句 + that引导的宾语从句（含either...or...结构）
·语法要点：
1.When 引导时间状语从句。
2.that 引导宾语从句，作 told 的宾语；从句中 either...or... 连接两个并列谓语 would have to buy 和 let。
3.固定搭配：nag sb. to do sth.（唠叨着让某人做某事）；do something about sth.（对某事采取措施）；either...or...（要么…… 要么……）。
·释义：当妻子唠叨着让我想办法时，我告诉她，我要么买台新割草机，要么就让草长着。
28. Needless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle.
·句子类型：简单句（含插入语）
·核心结构：插入语, 主语 + 被动语态谓语 + 状语
·语法要点：
1.Needless to say 为固定插入语，意为 “不用说”。
2.is surrounded by 为被动语态，意为 “被…… 包围”；此处 jungle 为比喻用法，指杂草丛生的景象。
·释义：不用说，我们家现在已经被一片 “丛林” 包围了。
29. Buried somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawn mower which I have promised to repair one day.
·句子类型：复合句（含倒装句和定语从句）
·核心结构：过去分词短语作状语, there be句型（含定语从句）
·语法要点：
1.Buried somewhere in deep grass 为过去分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是 a rusting lawn mower，二者为被动关系。
2.there is a rusting lawn mower... 为存在句；which I have promised to repair one day 为定语从句，修饰先行词 a rusting lawn mower，which 在从句中作 repair 的宾语。
3.have promised 为现在完成时，表示过去的承诺对现在仍有影响。
·释义：草丛深处的某个地方，埋着一台生锈的割草机，我还承诺过总有一天会把它修好。
词汇分析：
一、核心词汇
1.passion /ˈpæʃn/n. 酷爱，热忱
语境：passion for doing things 自己动手的热情
2.specialized /ˈspeʃəlaɪzd/adj. 专业的，专门的
语境：specialized labour 专业劳动力
3.plead /pliːd/v. 借口，申辩；恳求
语境：plead ignorance 以不知情为借口
4.ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/n. 无知，不知情
5.countless /ˈkaʊtləs/adj. 无数的，数不尽的
6.newlywed /ˈnjuːliwed/n. 新婚夫妇
7.embark /ɪmˈbɑːk/v.着手，开始
8.leisure /ˈleʒə(r)/n. 闲暇，空闲
9.keen /kiːn/adj. 热衷的，痴迷的；敏锐的
10.enthusiast /ɪnˈθjuːziæst/n. 爱好者，热衷者
11.craze /kreɪz/n.热潮，狂热风气
12.novice /ˈnɒvɪs/n.新手，初学者
13.assemble /əˈsembl/v.组装，装配；集合
14.outlet /ˈaʊtlet/n.宣泄途径；出口
15.pent-up /ˌpent ˈʌp/adj. 被压抑的，被积压的
16.resourceful /rɪˈsɔːsfl/adj. 足智多谋的，善于应变的
17.handyman /ˈhændimæn/n. 能工巧匠，手巧的人
18.fuse /fjuːz/v. （保险丝）烧断 n. 保险丝
19.rickety /ˈrɪkəti/adj.摇晃不稳的
20.clog /klɒɡ/v.堵塞，阻塞
21.delusion /dɪˈluːʒn/n.错觉，妄想
22.lawn mower /lɔːn ˈməʊə(r)/n. 割草机
23.dismantle /dɪsˈmæntl/v. 拆卸，拆开
24.litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/v.散落，乱扔 n. 垃圾
25.chunk /tʃʌŋk/n.大块，厚块；零件块
26.snap /snæp/v. 断裂，折断；猛地合上
27.insurmountable /ˌɪnsəˈmaʊntəbl/adj. 难以克服的，无法逾越的
28.reassemble /ˌriːəˈsembl/v. 重新组装
29.nag /næɡ/v.唠叨，不停地催促
30.rusting /ˈrʌstɪŋ/adj.生锈的
二、课文高级固定搭配
1.passion for doing sth.
原句：So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves
精讲：对做某事怀有极大热忱
用法：书面高级表达，替代 be very interested in doing
2.be dependent on
原句：less dependent on specialized labour
精讲：依赖、依靠
拓展：depend on = rely on，书面用 be dependent on 更正式
3.plead ignorance of sth.
原句：No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer
精讲：以对某事不知情为借口，高级书面固定习语
4.not...any longer
精讲：不再……（强调状态不再延续）
辨析：no longer 放句中，not...any longer 放句末
5.be armed with
原句：Armed with the right tools and materials
精讲：备有 / 配备有（工具、知识、装备），分词状语高频用法
6.embark on the task of doing sth.
原句：embark on the task of decorating their own homes
精讲：着手开展做某事的任务，写作高分搭配
7.spend time (in) doing sth.
原句：spend hours of their leisure time installing...
精讲：花费时间做某事，固定省介词 in
8.lay out
原句：laying out their own gardens
精讲：规划；布置；设计（花园、场地、方案）
9.go so far as to do sth.
原句：Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own computers
精讲：竟然到了…… 地步；甚至不惜……，语气递进高级句型
10.cater for
原句：Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze
精讲：迎合；满足…… 的需求（市场、潮流、人群）
11.bits and pieces
原句：offering consumers bits and pieces
精讲：零碎物件；零散零件；七零八碎的小东西
12.provide an outlet for
原句：Such things provide an excellent outlet for pent up creative energy
精讲：为…… 提供宣泄 / 释放的途径
13.tend to do sth.
原句：Some wives tend to believe...
精讲：往往会；倾向于做某事，议论文万能搭配
14.be supposed to be
原句：are supposed to be born electricians
精讲：被认为是；理应是
15.put things right
原句：put things right
精讲：修好故障；纠正问题；收拾妥当
16.live under the delusion that...
原句：men live under the delusion that they can do anything
精讲：抱有…… 的错觉 / 错误想法，写作讽刺类高分搭配
17.a question of pride
原句：It is a question of pride as much as anything else
精讲：关乎面子 / 尊严的问题
18.call in sb. to do sth.
原句：suggested that I call in a man to look at our lawn mower
精讲：请来某人做某事（维修、服务类专用）
19.break down
原句：It had broken down the previous summer
精讲：（机器、车辆）出故障；坏掉；（系统）崩溃
20.get round to doing sth.
原句：had never got round to it
精讲：终于抽出时间做某事（一直拖延没做）
21.would not hear of
原句：I would not hear of the suggestion
精讲：拒不接受；不同意；听不进（建议）
22.have a close look at
精讲：仔细查看，细致检查
23.as good as new
原句：it would be as good as new
精讲：焕然一新；跟新的一样
24.refuse to do sth.
精讲：拒绝做某事，拟人用法可用于机器、事物
25.be littered with
原句：The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal
精讲：满地都是；散落着（杂物、垃圾、碎片）
26.make up
原句：which had once made up a lawn mower
精讲：组成，构成
27.be faced with
原句：I was faced with the insurmountable task
精讲：面临（困难、任务、挑战）
28.put sth. together
原句：putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together
精讲：组装；拼合；拼凑
29.for the simple reason that...
原句：for the simple reason that I was left with several...
精讲：原因很简单，就是…… 写作万能原因句型
30.be left with
精讲：剩下；遗留；无奈只剩下
31.give up in despair
精讲：绝望地放弃
32.nag sb. to do sth.
精讲：唠叨催促某人做某事
33.needless to say
原句：Needless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle
精讲：不用说，不言而喻，句首插入语万能句型
三、拓展高频搭配
1. passion 衍生搭配
·passion for music 酷爱音乐
·burning passion 满腔热忱
·with great passion 满怀激情地
2. dependent 拓展
·be independent of 独立于……，不依赖
·financial dependence 经济依附
3. ignorant 形容词拓展
·be ignorant of the fact 不知情
·remain ignorant 一直蒙在鼓里
4. embark 通用搭配
·embark on a new career 开启新事业
·embark on a journey 踏上旅程
5. leisure 高频
·spare leisure time 业余空闲时间
·at one's leisure 有空时；闲暇之际
6. keen 高频搭配
·keen on sth. 热衷于某事
·keen insight 敏锐的洞察力
7. cater 写作拓展
·cater to public taste 迎合大众口味
·cater for all ages 适合各年龄段人群
8. outlet 引申
·emotional outlet 情感宣泄口
·retail outlet 零售店
9. pent-up 通用
·pent-up anger 积压的怒火
·pent-up pressure 压抑的压力
10. resourceful 人物描写
·a resourceful person 足智多谋的人
·resourceful and capable 精明能干
11. delusion 同义拓展
·harbour a delusion 心存妄想
·illusion vs delusion：illusion 幻觉；delusion 固执的错误认知
12. dismantle 同义替换
·take apart 拆开
·disassemble拆卸（科技书面语）
13. snap 场景搭配
·snap off 折断
·snap into two 断成两截
14. insurmountable 写作高分
·insurmountable difficulty 无法克服的困难
·insurmountable barrier 不可逾越的障碍
15. as much as anything else 句型拓展
·释义：最主要的是；与其说是…… 不如说是……
·写作套用：It is a matter of responsibility as much as anything else. 这首先是一个责任问题。
长难句分析：
长难句 1
原句
So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labour.
语法角度拆解
1.典型so…that… 结果状语从句
2.So + 形容词置于句首，主句必须全部 / 部分倒装
正常语序：
Our passion for doing things for ourselves is so great that we…
3.介词短语 for doing things for ourselves 后置修饰抽象名词 passion
4.比较级叠加：increasingly less dependent 越来越不依赖
学习注意事项
1.so + 形 / 副放句首必倒装，写作高分句型，不能用正常语序。
2.passion for doing 固定搭配，后面只能接动名词，不能接 to do。
3.be dependent on 介词固定用on，不要误用 in/of。
4.倒装句多用于书面强调，口语很少用，作文可以直接套用。
结构公式
So + adj. + be + 主语 + that + 结果从句
长难句 2
原句
Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices, but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home.
语法角度拆解
1.主干：Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze
2.not only by doing…, but by doing…
并列介词短语作方式状语
3.which they can assemble at home 是定语从句，修饰先行词 bits and pieces
4.先行词是物，关系代词 which 在从句中作 assemble 的宾语，可以省略。
学习注意事项
1.not only…but (also) 前后结构必须对称：前面是 by doing，后面也必须是 by doing。
2.定语从句先行词为事物，可用which/that；作宾语可省略关系词。
3.cater for 固定搭配：迎合潮流、需求，介词不要乱换。
4.长句分层技巧：先抓主句主谓，再剥离并列状语，最后看定语从句。
结构公式
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + not only by doing A, but by doing B + 定语从句
长难句 3
原句
The worst thing about the do-it-yourself game is that sometimes even men live under the delusion that they can do anything, even when they have repeatedly been proved wrong.
语法角度拆解
1.主句主干：The worst thing… is that…
第一个 that 引导表语从句
2.第二个 that 引导同位语从句，解释抽象名词 delusion 的具体内容
3.even when 引导让步状语从句，从句用现在完成时被动语态
4.三层从句嵌套：表语从句 → 同位语从句 → 让步状语从句
学习注意事项
1.抽象名词（delusion/idea/fact/belief）后面常跟同位语从句，只能用 that 引导，不能用 which。
2.区分：
o定语从句：that 充当句子成分
o同位语从句：that 不充当成分，只起连接作用
3.have been proved wrong 现在完成时被动，强调 “一直被证明是错的”。
4.遇到多层嵌套长难句：先找系动词 is，再一层层拆从句。
结构公式
主语 + be + 表语从句 + 抽象名词 + 同位语从句 + 让步状语从句
长难句 4
原句
It had broken down the previous summer, and though I promised to repair it, I had never got round to it.
语法角度拆解
1.并列复合句：and 连接两个分句
2.后一分句内含though 让步状语从句
3.时态考点：过去完成时
ohad broken down：发生在过去动作 suggested 之前，“过去的过去”
ohad never got round to it：截止过去某一时间一直没做
学习注意事项
1.有明显过去时间参照点，动作发生在参照点之前，必须用过去完成时。
2.get round to doing sth 后面必须接动名词，固定用法。
3.though 引导让步从句，不能和 but 连用，中式英语常犯错。
结构公式
分句 1 + and + though 让步从句，主句（过去完成时）
长难句 5
原句
I was not surprised to find that the machine still refused to work after I had reassembled it, for the simple reason that I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal which did not seem to fit anywhere.
语法角度拆解
1.主干：I was not surprised to find that…
2.that 引导宾语从句作 find 的宾语
3.after 引导宾语从句内部的时间状语从句
4.for the simple reason that… 引导原因状语，that 引导同位语从句修饰 reason
5.末尾 which 引导定语从句，修饰 bits of metal
6.从句大嵌套：宾语从句 → 时间状语从句 → 同位语从句 → 定语从句
学习注意事项
1.be surprised to do 固定结构：形容词 + 不定式
2.for the simple reason that 写作万能原因句型，可直接套用作文。
3.一个句子里多个从句时，先抓主谓，再划从句边界，不要逐字死翻。
4.定语从句关系代词 which 指代前面整组名词，不要就近乱指代。
结构公式
主语 + be + adj. + to do + 宾语从句 + 时间状语从句 + for the reason + 同位语从句 + 定语从句
长难句 6
原句
Buried somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawn mower which I have promised to repair one day.
语法角度拆解
1.倒装句：地点 / 分词前置引起倒装，正常语序：
A rusting lawn mower is buried somewhere in deep grass…
2.Buried… 过去分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是后面的 lawn mower，被动关系。
3.which 引导定语从句，修饰 lawn mower，which 在从句中作 repair 宾语。
学习注意事项
1.过去分词放句首，表被动 / 状态；现在分词放句首表主动。
2.there be 句型后接定语从句是高频考点。
3.定语从句作宾语时，which/that 可以省略。
结构公式
过去分词状语 + there be 倒装句型 + 定语从句
句型分析：
句式 1
课文原句
So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labour.
句型结构
So + 形容词 + be + 主语，that + 结果状语从句
套用替换
把形容词换成：important /significant/serious /evident；
主语换成：人们对… 的热情、重视程度、需求；
后半句写带来的影响与变化，适合作文开头、现象描述。
仿写例句
So significant is the influence of smartphones, that modern people can hardly live without them.
例句翻译
智能手机的影响力如此之大，以至于现代人几乎离不开它。
句式 2
课文原句
Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own computers.
句型结构
Some + 人群 + go so far as to + 行为动作
套用替换
替换人群：young people /citizens/learners；
替换动作：do extreme things /ignore rules /devote themselves to sth.
用于描述人们为爱好、利益执念做出极端 / 投入的行为。
仿写例句
Some devoted learners go so far as to spare no effort to improve their academic performance.
例句翻译
一些专注的学习者甚至会不遗余力地提升自己的学业成绩。
句式 3
课文原句
Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special services, but by offering consumers various supplies.
句型结构
主语 + cater for + 潮流 / 需求 + not only by doing A, but by doing B
套用替换
主语：学校、社会、媒体、政府；
cater for 后接：public demand /social trend /students’ needs；
适合议论文写社会现象、机构应对方式。
仿写例句
Schools cater for students’ growth not only by offering knowledge, but by shaping their personality.
例句翻译
学校助力学生成长，不仅通过传授知识，还通过塑造他们的品格。
句式 4
课文原句
The worst thing about … is that people often live under the delusion that they can do everything perfectly.
句型结构
The + 形容词 + thing about + 现象 + is that + 观点陈述
套用替换
形容词：best /most obvious /most worrying；
现象：online life /self-learning/modern lifestyle；
适合作文剖析问题、阐述利弊观点。
仿写例句
The most worrying thing about online entertainment is that it wastes plenty of young people’s time.
例句翻译
网络娱乐最令人担忧的一点是，它浪费了很多年轻人的时间。
句式 5
课文原句
It is a question of pride as much as anything else.
句型结构
It is a question of + 抽象名词 + as much as anything else.
套用替换
抽象名词：honesty /responsibility/morality /teamwork；
用于作文结尾升华主题，强调本质是什么。
仿写例句
It is a question of honesty as much as anything else.
例句翻译
归根结底，这更是一个关乎诚信的问题。
