填词根据中文句意和字母提示将横线空缺处的单词填写完整。
我们将创新对外投资方式,加快培育国际经济合作和竞争新优势。
Wewill d________ new ways of making outbound investments and build up our strengths for international economiccooperation and competition.
【参考答案和解析】develop。“创新”作为名词使用时通常处理为innovation,但是作为动词时一定要小心,因为 innovate是不及物动词,而中文里往往说“创新……”是及物概念。基于此,官方译文通常会采用 develop new ways/ideas/methods/systems/mechanisms/approaches 或者 do sth in an innovative way/take creative steps to do sth 来处理。“加快培育……方面的新优势”没有按照字面翻译。“加快”与“加强”和“加大力度”意思相近, “加快培育……新优势”就是“提升实力”,官方译文build up strengths是非常地道的表达方式。
【单词总结】
1.对外投资
(1) outbound investmeent (np):在投资领域,马来西亚是中国对外投资的重要国别。Malaysia is also an important outbound direct investment destination for China. 政府为企业对外投资合作提供便利化的服务。The government only provides services that facilitate this outbound investment and cooperation.
(2) overseas investment (np):欧盟对华投资仅占对外投资存量的4%。 The EU’ s investment in China only accounts for 4 percent of the EU’s total overseas investment.
(3) make investments abroad (vp):此外,美国政府还对美国企业对外投资进行恐吓阻挠。 The administration has also intimidated and obstructed American companies making investments abroad.
2.创新
(1) develop new/ improved / innovative ways/ideas/methods/systems/mechanisms/approaches
创新和完善宏观调控develop new and improved approaches to macro regulation
(2) do sth in an innovative/creative way:The company has developed a production process in an innovative way, reducing costs and improving efficiency. 该公司创新开发了一种新的生产流程,降低了成本并提高了效率。
(3) take creative/new/innovative steps to do sth:The design team took creative steps to incorporate local culture into the project, making it truly unique.设计团队采取了有创意的措施,将当地文化融入项目中,使其独具特色。
(4) pursue/promote new ways of ...:切实保障和改善民生,加强和创新社会治理。Ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing and promoting better and new ways of conducting social governance.
(这一条和第一条其实是一个路子)
3.培养
“培养”在不同语境中对应的英语表达有所不同,以下是常见语境及对应表达:
(1)cultivate:cultivate innovative talent”培养创新型人才;(十九大报告)with a focus on cultivating a new generation... to shoulder the mission of national rejuvenation以培养担当民族复兴大任的时代新人为着眼点;cultivate strategic emerging industries培育战略性新兴产业;cultivate green development concepts培养绿色发展理念(cultivate强调“长期、精心”培养、培育,如新兴产业、技能、兴趣、关系,人才等)
(2)foster:foster core socialist values培育社会主义核心价值观;foster new growth drivers培育新动能;foster a culture of respect培育尊重文化;(20大报告)培育自尊自信、理性平和的社会心态foster a social mentality of self-respect, confidence, and rationality;foster a social culture of respecting teachers and valuing education培育尊师重教的社会风尚(foster侧重营造环境促进发展,常用于抽象概念、社会风尚,社会文化、观念等)
(3)train:(2017年报告)支持农民返乡创业,培育新型职业农民support migrant workers in starting businesses in hometowns and train new professional farmers(train侧重培养人,但侧重职业和技能方面)
(4)educate/instill: instill a sense of responsibility in students 培养(灌输)学生的责任感;educate students to be responsible citizens培养(教育)学生成为有责任感的公民(这种情况实际适合“掩词法”,因为这个时候中文里的“培养”实际是其他的含义,如educate强调系统性知识传授,平时我们就翻译成“教育”,所以,培养学生成为有责任感的公民其实就是我们平时口中的“教育学生成为有责任感的公民”。再如,instill强调逐步灌输,培养学生的责任感,其实就是日常的“灌输”。)这个时候,“培养”就可以根据具体语境换成更贴切的其他动词。
【译法总结】
1.build up能表达哪些语境!
(1) 程度——增进;加强(使逐渐变大; 逐渐变大);提高/加快(用于描述力量、信心、能力等的逐步提升。): We can build upthe speed gradually and safely.我们可以逐步安全地加快速度。He stumped around the country trying tobuild upsupport.他在全国各地巡回演讲,争取更多的支持。The delegations had begun tobuild upsome trust in one another. 各代表团已经开始逐步增强相互的信任。we need tobuild up capacities fortackling global challenges. 提高应对全球性挑战的能力。We need to sustain and build upthis momentum to take our people-to-people exchanges to greater breadth and depth. 我们应该保持势头,再接再厉,不断拓展人文交流广度和深度。
(2)动作 ——(逐步)建立/确立/树立(名誉,人格,产业等);(逐渐)积累(物质、经验、知识等)。:People-to-people and cultural ties, as an important pillar of ASEM, deserve greater resource input from all of us to build up momentum and support for political and economic cooperation. 人文交流是亚欧会议机制的重要支柱,也应该成为政治、经济合作的带动力量和有力依托,值得更大投入。The regime built upthe largest army in Africa. 该政权逐渐建立起一支在非洲规模最大的军队。He built up a reputation as a tough businessman. 他树立起了一个坚强生意人的名声。He built up a large collection of rare books over the years. 多年来他积累了大量珍本书籍。
2.“加快/加速”不一定是简单的speed up和accelerate
翻译的时候,如果出现了程度之类的词,比如“加快、加速、加强”等,如果能用适合的高档次表达方法,会给译文添彩。
以“加快”为例(逐级添彩):
(1)传统的动词(短语),如speed up; accelerate等。
帮助发展中国家加快数字经济发展和绿色转型。We should help developing countries speed up development of the digital economy and green transformation.
加快数字、绿色、智能等新型消费发展
We will accelerate the growth of digital, green, smart, and other new types of consumption.
(2)用形容词比较级传达“加速”概念如move/work faster to do sth等。
加快完善中国特色社会主义法律体系,以良法促进发展、保障善治。We should move faster to improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, using sound laws to develop and ensure good governance.
加快完善重大科技基础设施体系We will work faster to improve major science and technology infrastructure.
加快各项资金下达拨付。
Various funds will be allocated more quickly to local governments.
加快完善数据基础制度。
Basic data systems will be improved at a faster pace.
(3)用不太常见的词汇/短语。
加快多层次债券市场发展
the development of multilevel bond markets will be expedited
加快发展新型文化业态
step up efforts to foster new forms of cultural business
(4)进行时态语态以及词性的转换。
加快推进部分品目消费税征收环节后移并下划地方Faster moves will be taken to collect excise tax on some items further down the production-to-consumption chain
加快建立长期护理保险制度。Faster progress will be made toward instituting insurance schemes for long-term care.