Lesson 28 Patients and doctors
课文：
1. This is a sceptical age, but although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has weakened, our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same as theirs.
·句子类型：复合句（并列转折 + 让步状语从句 + 定语从句 + 两个主句）
·核心结构：简单句 (This is a sceptical age) + but + 让步状语从句 (although...) + 主句 (our confidence...remains the same as theirs)
·语法要点：① although 引导让步状语从句，不可与 but 连用，此处 but 连接的是前后两个大分句，语法合理；②从句中含定语从句 in which our forefathers fervently believed，修饰先行词 many of the things，in which = in the things，作 believe 的宾语；③两个核心名词 faith/confidence 后均接 in 引导的介词短语作后置定语，分别为 in many of the things、in the curative properties；④ the same as 为固定搭配，表 “与…… 一样”，theirs为名词性物主代词，指代 their confidence。
·释义：这是一个怀疑一切的时代，可是虽然我们对祖先笃信的许多事物的信念已经动摇，但我们对瓶装药品疗效的信心仍与祖辈一样坚定。
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2. This modern faith in medicines is proved by the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures, and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise.
·句子类型：复合句（同位语从句 + 并列谓语 + 被动语态）
·核心结构：主句 (This modern faith...is proved by the fact) + 同位语从句 (that...)
·语法要点：①主句为被动语态 is proved by，表 “被…… 证实”；② that 引导同位语从句，解释说明 the fact 的具体内容，从句不可省略 that；③同位语从句中主语为 the annual drug bill，后接 of the Health Services 作后置定语，谓语为并列的 is mounting 和 shows，共用一个主语；④ mount to 为固定搭配，表 “上升至”；cease to do sth 为固定用法，表 “停止做某事”。
·释义：卫生部门的年度药费不断攀升至天文数字，且目前毫无停止上涨的迹象，这一事实证实了现代人对药物的这种依赖。
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3. The majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or a small jar of ointment.
·句子类型：复合句（宾语从句 + 条件状语从句 + 现在分词作定语 + 多重后置定语）
·核心结构：主句 (The majority of the patients...feel) + 宾语从句 (that...) + 条件状语从句 (unless...)
·语法要点：① attending the medical out-patients departments 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 the patients，表主动 “就诊的”；② feel 后接 that 引导的宾语从句，that 可省略；③宾语从句中嵌套 unless 引导的条件状语从句，表 “除非”，相当于 if...not；④ in the shape of 为固定搭配，表 “以……的形式”，后接三个并列的名词短语作后置定语，修饰 a tangible remedy；⑤ carry home with them 为倒装结构，正常语序为 carry some tangible remedy home with them，因宾语较长，将地点状语 home 提前。
·释义：在我们医院门诊部就诊的大多数病人认为，除非能带回一瓶药水、一盒药丸或一小罐药膏这类实实在在的药物，否则自己就没有得到充分的治疗。
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4. And the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements.
·句子类型：简单句（主系表结构 + 固定搭配）
·核心结构：主语 (the doctor) + 系动词 (is) + 表语 (only too ready to provide...)
·语法要点：① in charge of the department 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 the doctor，表 “负责该科室的”；② only too ready to do sth 为固定搭配，表 “非常乐意做某事”，too 此处无否定含义；③ provide sb with sth 为固定搭配，表 “为某人提供某物”。
·释义：而负责该科室的医生也非常乐意为他们提供这些所需的药物。
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5. There is no quicker method of disposing of patients than by giving them what they are asking for, and since most medical men in the Health Services are overworked and have little time for offering time-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet, right living, and the need for abandoning bad habits etc., the bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted them.
·句子类型：复合句（比较状语 + 宾语从句 + 原因状语从句 + 并列谓语 + 被动语态）
·核心结构：并列句 1 (There is no quicker method...) + and + 原因状语从句 (since...) + 并列句 2 (the bottle...are almost always granted them)
·语法要点：①存在句 There is 后接比较级 no quicker...than...，表 “没有比…… 更快的……”；of disposing of patients 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 method，dispose of 为固定搭配，表 “处理”；② by giving them 后接 what 引导的宾语从句，what 在从句中作 asking for 的宾语；③ since 引导原因状语从句，从句中主语 most medical men 后接 in the Health Services 作后置定语，谓语为并列的 are overworked 和 have；④ time-consuming and little-appreciated 为并列形容词作定语，修饰 advice；on such subjects as... 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 advice，as后接三个并列的名词短语表举例；⑤并列句 2 为被动语态 are granted them，正常主动语序为 grant them the bottle, the box, and the jar，因宾语提前作主语，用被动形式。
·释义：处理病人最快的方式莫过于有求必应，而由于卫生部门的大多数医生工作超负荷，几乎没有时间就饮食、规律生活、克服坏习惯等问题，给出那些费时又不受待见的建议，结果病人总能拿到瓶装、盒装和罐装的药物。
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6. Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine.
·句子类型：复合句（倒装句 + 强调句）
·核心结构：Nor + 倒装的强调句 (it is...who...)
·语法要点：① nor 置于句首，句子用部分倒装，将系动词 is 提至 it 之前；②本句为 it is...who... 强调句型，强调主语 the ignorant and ill-educated person，强调人可用 who/that；③ have faith in 为固定搭配，表 “对……有信心 / 迷信”。
·释义：并非只有那些无知和没受过良好教育的人才会迷信瓶装药物。
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7. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's.
·句子类型：复合句（形式主语 + 主语从句 + 时间状语从句 + 现在分词作伴随状语 + 宾语从句 + 过去分词作定语）
·核心结构：形式主语 It + 系动词 (is) + 表语 (recounted) + 真正主语 (that...)
·语法要点：① It is recounted of sb that... 为固定句式，表 “据说某人……”，It 为形式主语，that 引导的主语从句为真正主语；②主语从句中嵌套 when 引导的时间状语从句，Henry Taylor 为 his friend 的同位语，起解释说明作用；③ carrying with him... 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，修饰 went off，表 “动身时带着……”；④ in his pocket 为地点状语，提前至宾语前，宾语为 what remained a bottle of medicine，what remained 为宾语从句，修饰 a bottle of medicine；⑤ formerly prescribed for... 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 a bottle of medicine，表 “被开给…… 的”；an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's 为双重所有格，表 “卡莱尔夫人的一次小病”。
·释义：据说托马斯・卡莱尔有这样一件事：他听说朋友亨利・泰勒生病了，立刻动身去看望他，衣袋里装着他妻子之前生病时吃剩下的一瓶药。
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8. Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering, and of what had previously been wrong with his wife, but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another, and comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, he hastened to Henry Taylor's house.
·句子类型：复合句（并列宾语从句 + 定语从句 + 并列主句 + 过去分词作原因状语）
·核心结构：主句 1 (Carlyle was entirely ignorant of...of...and of...) + but + 主句 2 (a medicine...would surely be of equal benefit...) + 伴随状语 (comforted by...) + 主句 3 (he hastened...)
·语法要点：① be ignorant of 为固定搭配，后接三个并列的 of 短语作宾语，分别含 what 引导的宾语从句、定语从句、what 引导的宾语从句，构成平行结构；② from which his friend was suffering 为介词 + 关系代词的定语从句，修饰 the nature of the illness，from which = from the illness，作 suffer 的宾语，suffer from 为固定搭配；③but 后的主句 2 中，that had worked so well... 为定语从句，修饰 a medicine；be of equal benefit 为固定用法，be of + 名词 = 对应形容词，即 equally beneficial；④ comforted by the thought... 为过去分词短语作原因状语，修饰 hastened，表 “因……而感到欣慰”；he was bringing to his friend 为定语从句，修饰 the help，省略了关系代词 that/which，作 bringing 的宾语。
·释义：卡莱尔完全不知道衣袋里的药装的是什么，也不知道朋友得的是什么病，更不知道他妻子之前生的是什么病，但他认为，一种药对一种病疗效显著，对另一种病肯定也同样有效。想到能帮到朋友，他满心欣慰，急忙赶往亨利・泰勒的家中。
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9. History does not relate whether his friend accepted his medical help, but in all probability he did.
·句子类型：复合句（宾语从句 + 并列简单句）
·核心结构：主句 1 (History does not relate) + 宾语从句 (whether...) + but + 主句 2 (he did)
·语法要点：① relate 后接 whether 引导的宾语从句，表 “说明 / 记载是否……”，whether 不可替换为 that；② in all probability 为固定短语，作插入语，表 “很可能”；③主句 2 中 did 为代动词，替代前文的 accepted his medical help，避免重复。
·释义：历史上没有记载他的朋友是否接受了他的药物治疗，但很可能是接受了。
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10. The great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste, and that is what all patients demand of their doctors--to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves.
·句子类型：复合句（表语从句 + 宾语从句 + 同位语 + 多重后置定语）
·核心结构：主句 1 (The great advantage...is that...) + and + 主句 2 (that is what...) + 破折号解释说明
·语法要点：① of taking medicine 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 The great advantage，动名词 taking 作介词 of 的宾语；②主句 1 为表语从句，that 不可省略，从句中 make demands on sb 为固定搭配，表 “对某人提出要求”；③ beyond that of... 中，that 为代词，指代 the demand，避免重复；put up with 为固定搭配，表 “忍受”；for a moment 为时间状语，表 “暂时”；④主句 2 中 what 引导表语从句，what 在从句中作 demand 的宾语；demand sth of sb 为固定搭配，表 “向某人要求某物”；⑤破折号后 to be cured 为不定式作同位语，解释说明 what 的具体内容；at no inconvenience to themselves 为介词短语作状语，表 “不给自己带来任何不便”。
·释义：服药的最大好处是，除了暂时忍受一下令人作呕的味道外，对服药人别无其他要求，而这正是所有病人对医生的要求 —— 把病治好，又不给自己添任何麻烦。
词汇：
一、核心词汇
1.sceptical /ˈskeptɪkl/adj. 怀疑的；怀疑论的
搭配：a sceptical age 一个怀疑一切的时代
2.faith /feɪθ/n. 信念；信心；信任
搭配：faith in many of the things 对诸多事物的信念
3.forefather /ˈfɔːfɑːðə(r)/n. 祖先；祖辈（复数 forefathers）
搭配：our forefathers 我们的祖先
4.fervently /ˈfɜːvəntli/adv. 热烈地；笃信地
搭配：fervently believed 笃信
5.weaken /ˈwiːkən/v. （使）变弱；动摇
搭配：has weakened （信念）动摇
6.confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/n. 信心；信任
搭配：confidence in the curative properties 对疗效的信心
7.curative /ˈkjʊərətɪv/adj. 治疗的；有疗效的
搭配：curative properties 疗效
8.property /ˈprɒpəti/n. 特性；性质（复数 properties）
搭配：curative properties 疗效
9.annual /ˈænjuəl/adj. 年度的；每年的
搭配：the annual drug bill 年度药费
10.mount /maʊnt/v. 攀升；上升；登上
搭配：mount to astronomical figures 攀升至天文数字
11.astronomical /ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkl/adj. 天文数字的；极大的
搭配：astronomical figures 天文数字
12.majority /məˈdʒɒrəti/n. 大多数；大部分
搭配：the majority of the patients 大多数病人
13.out-patient /ˈaʊtˌpeɪʃnt/n. 门诊病人（复数 out-patients）
搭配：medical out-patients departments 门诊部
14.adequate /ˈædɪkwət/adj. 足够的；充分的
搭配：adequate treatment 充分的治疗
15.tangible /ˈtændʒəbl/adj. 有形的；实实在在的
搭配：tangible remedy 实实在在的药物
16.remedy /ˈremədi/n. 药物；疗法
搭配：tangible remedy 有形的药物
17.pill /pɪl/n. 药丸；药片
搭配：a box of pills 一盒药丸
18.jar /dʒɑː(r)/n. 罐子；广口瓶
搭配：a small jar of ointment 一小罐药膏
19.ointment /ˈɔɪntmənt/n. 药膏；软膏
搭配：a small jar of ointment 一小罐药膏
20.dispose /dɪˈspəʊz/v. 处理；处置
搭配：disposing of patients 处理病人
21.overwork /ˌəʊvəˈwɜːk/v. 工作过度；超负荷工作
搭配：are overworked 超负荷工作
22.time-consuming /ˈtaɪm kənˈsjuːmɪŋ/adj. 费时的；耗时的
搭配：time-consuming advice 费时的忠告
23.ignorant /ˈɪɡnərənt/adj. 无知的；愚昧的
搭配：the ignorant and ill-educated person 无知且没受过良好教育的人
24.ill-educated /ˌɪl ˈedʒukeɪtɪd/adj. 没受过良好教育的；教育程度低的
搭配：the ignorant and ill-educated person 无知且没受过良好教育的人
25.recount /rɪˈkaʊnt/v. 讲述；叙述；记载
搭配：It is recounted of... 据说……
26.prescribe /prɪˈskraɪb/v. 开（药）；处方
搭配：formerly prescribed 之前开的（药）
27.indisposition /ˌɪndɪspəˈzɪʃn/n. 小病；不适
搭配：an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's 卡莱尔夫人的一次小病
28.benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/n. 益处；好处 v. 有益于
搭配：of equal benefit 同样有益
29.comfort /ˈkʌmfət/v. 使欣慰；安慰 n. 舒适
搭配：comforted by the thought 因这个想法感到欣慰
30.hasten /ˈheɪsn/v. 急忙；匆忙；加速
搭配：hastened to Henry Taylor's house 急忙赶往亨利・泰勒的家
31.relate /rɪˈleɪt/v. 记载；叙述；关联
搭配：History does not relate 历史没有记载
32.probability /ˌprɒbəˈbɪləti/n. 可能性；概率
搭配：in all probability 很可能
33.demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/n. 要求；需求 v. 要求；需要
搭配：make no demands on the taker 对服药人无要求
34.taker /ˈteɪkə(r)/n. 服用者；接受者
搭配：the taker of medicine 服药人
35.disgusting /dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ/adj. 令人作呕的；令人厌恶的
搭配：a disgusting taste 令人作呕的味道
36.inconvenience /ˌɪnkənˈviːniəns/n. 不便；麻烦
搭配：at no inconvenience to themselves 不给自己带来任何不便
二、高级固定搭配
1.faith in sth 对…… 的信念 / 信心
用法：后接名词 / 代词，表对事物的信任
原句：our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed
2.confidence in sth 对…… 的信心
用法：与 faith in sth 近义，更侧重 “确信某事有效 / 可行”
原句：our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine
3.mount to sth 上升至……；攀升到……
用法：后接表示数量 / 程度的名词，表 “数值达到某一水平”
原句：is mounting to astronomical figures
4.attend the departments 就诊；去科室看病
用法：表 “前往医院某科室就医”，可替换为 attend hospital
原句：the patients attending the medical out-patients departments
5.in the shape of sth 以……的形式；表现为……
用法：后接具体事物，表 “某物以某种具体形式呈现”
原句：some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine
6.in charge of sth/sb 负责……；掌管……
用法：表 “人对事物 / 他人负有管理责任”
原句：the doctor in charge of the department
7.provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物
用法：双宾语结构，同义替换 offer sb sth /supply sb with sth
原句：provide them with these requirements
8.dispose of sb/sth 处理；应对（人 / 事物）
用法：表 “解决、处理某人 / 某事（尤指棘手的情况）”
原句：There is no quicker method of disposing of patients
9.on such subjects as sth 关于诸如…… 之类的问题
用法：as 后接并列名词，表 “列举相关主题”
原句：offering advice on such subjects as diet, right living
10.have faith in sth 对…… 迷信；对…… 有信心
用法：可表 “理性的信心”，也可表 “盲目的迷信”（本课义）
原句：who has such faith in the bottle of medicine
11.hear of sth 听说……；得知……
用法：表 “间接听说某件事 / 某个消息”
原句：when he heard of the illness of his friend
12.go off to sp 动身去某地；前往某地
用法：表 “立刻、匆忙前往某个地方”
原句：he went off immediately to visit him
13.suffer from sth 患…… 病；遭受……
用法：后接疾病 / 不幸的事，表 “受其困扰”
原句：the illness from which his friend was suffering
14.be of benefit 有益处；有帮助
用法：be of + 抽象名词 = 对应形容词（of benefit = beneficial）
原句：would surely be of equal benefit in another
15.in all probability 很可能；大概率
用法：作插入语，修饰整个句子，同义替换 probably/most likely
原句：but in all probability he did
16.make demands on sb 对某人提出要求
用法：表 “要求某人做某事 / 达到某种标准”
原句：it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up with...
17.put up with sth 忍受……；容忍……
用法：后接令人不悦的事物，表 “勉强接受”
原句：putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste
18.demand sth of sb 向某人要求某物
用法：与 make demands on sb 近义，更侧重 “具体的要求”
原句：that is what all patients demand of their doctors
19.at no inconvenience to sb 不给某人带来任何不便
用法：表 “做某事时不会对某人造成麻烦”
原句：to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves
三、拓展高频搭配
就医相关
1.medical treatment 医疗治疗
2.out-patient service 门诊服务
3.in-patient department 住院部
4.consult a doctor 咨询医生；看医生
5.get a prescription 拿到处方
6.take medicine 服药；吃药
7.follow the doctor's advice 遵循医生的建议
8.receive treatment 接受治疗
9.adequate medical care 充分的医疗护理
药物相关
1.bottled medicine 瓶装药物
2.oral medicine 口服药
3.topical ointment 外用软膏
4.prescribe medicine for sb 为某人开药
5.the effect of medicine 药物疗效
6.take pills 吃药丸
7.medical remedy 医疗疗法
态度 / 信念相关
1.lose faith in sth 对…… 失去信心
2.firm confidence 坚定的信心
3.blind faith 盲目迷信
4.sceptical about sth 对……持怀疑态度
日常表达
1.work overload 工作超负荷（=be overworked）
2.time-consuming work 费时的工作
3.abandon bad habits 改掉坏习惯
4.right living habits 良好的生活习惯
5.hasten to do sth 急忙做某事
6.in the form of sth 以…… 的形式（=in the shape of sth）
句型：
句式 1
课文原句：This is a sceptical age, but although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has weakened, our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same as theirs.
套用逻辑：This is a... age, but although our faith in... has weakened, our confidence in... remains the same as theirs.
（描述 “当下某时代背景下，对旧事物的信念动摇，但对某一事物的信心仍与前人一致”）
套用示例：This is an information age, but although our faith in the traditional ways of communication has weakened, our confidence in the power of sincere dialogue remains the same as theirs.
示例翻译：这是一个信息时代，尽管我们对传统的沟通方式的信念已经动摇，但我们对真诚对话的力量的信心，仍与前人一样坚定。
句式 2
课文原句：This modern faith in medicines is proved by the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures, and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise.
套用逻辑：This modern... in... is proved by the fact that..., and shows no signs at present of ceasing to...
（用具体事实证明 “现代人对某事物的态度 / 行为”，且该事实呈现 “持续发展无停止迹象”）
套用示例：This modern passion for fitness is proved by the fact that the number of people going to the gym is mounting to new heights, and shows no signs at present of ceasing to grow.
示例翻译：现代人对健身的热情，从去健身房的人数不断创下新高且目前毫无停止增长的迹象这一事实中便能得到印证。
句式 3
课文原句：Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine.
套用逻辑：Nor is it only the... person who...
（倒装强调 “并非只有某类人会做出某行为 / 持有某观点”，可突出行为 / 观点的普遍性）
套用示例：Nor is it only the young person who has such enthusiasm for the new digital technology.
示例翻译：并非只有年轻人，才会对全新的数字技术抱有这样的热情。
句式 4
课文原句：There is no quicker method of disposing of patients than by giving them what they are asking for.
套用逻辑：There is no quicker method of... than by doing...
（表达 “做某事最快的方式是……”，适用于提出解决问题的高效方法）
套用示例：There is no quicker method of calming down an angry customer than by listening to his demands patiently.
示例翻译：安抚愤怒的顾客，没有比耐心倾听其诉求更快的方法了。
句式 5
课文原句：The great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste.
套用逻辑：The great advantage of... is that it makes no demands on... beyond that of doing...
（说明 “某行为的最大优势是，除了需做一件小事外，对相关人无其他要求”）
套用示例：The great advantage of online learning is that it makes no demands on the learners beyond that of arranging their study time reasonably.
示例翻译：线上学习的最大优势在于，除了要求学习者合理安排自己的学习时间外，不会对其有其他方面的要求
10个月宝宝每天需要喝多少奶粉？
