考研英语一历年真题、解析及答案
2001年考研英语一阅读理解真题text3
P1
英文原文Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers？ The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
中文翻译为何如此多的美国人不信任他们在报纸上读到的内容？美国报纸编辑协会正试图解答这个棘手的问题。该协会正深入开展一项长期的自我剖析活动，这项活动被称为新闻可信度调查项目。
重点单词短语讲解
- distrust
- 词根词缀：dis-（否定前缀） + trust（信任），表示 “不相信”
- 搭配：distrust sth./sb. 不信任某物 / 某人
- The American Society of Newspaper Editors
- painful
- 词根词缀：pain（痛苦） + -ful（形容词后缀，表 “充满…… 的”）
- deep into
- 例句：She is deep into the research on climate change.
- self - analysis
- 词根词缀：self-（自我） + analysis（分析）
- journalism credibility project
- 词根词缀：cred（信任） + -ibility（名词后缀，表性质），credibility 即可信度；journalism（新闻业） + credibility（可信度） + project（项目）
P2
英文原文Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
中文翻译遗憾的是，该项目最终得出的大多是些浅层结论，无非是指出报纸中存在事实错误、拼写及语法错误等问题，同时还对读者真正的需求困惑不已、无从知晓。
重点单词短语讲解
- sad to say
- turn out to be
- 例句：The party turned out to be a great success.
- low - level
- factual
- 词根词缀：fact（事实） + -ual（形容词后缀）
- combined with
- 例句：Hard work combined with good luck led to his success.
- head - scratching
- 构词：head（头） + scratching（抓挠），字面意思 “挠头”，引申为 “困惑”
- puzzlement
- 词根词缀：puzzle（v./n. 使困惑；谜题） + -ment（名词后缀）
- in the world
- 例句：What in the world are you doing here?
P3
英文原文But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates ( patterns ) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready - made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
中文翻译但公众对报纸不信任的根源远不止于此。大多数新闻记者都习惯用一套固定的模式来看待世界，并将每日发生的新闻事件套入这些模式之中。换句话说，新闻编辑部的行业文化中存在着一套惯用的报道框架，这套框架为原本纷繁复杂的新闻内容提供了核心脉络和现成的叙事结构。
重点单词短语讲解
- sources
- 搭配：sources of distrust 不信任的根源
- go way deeper
- 用法：way 此处为副词，表程度，意为 “大大地；远远地”
- standard templates
- 词根词缀：standard（标准的）；templ（模式） + -ate（名词后缀），template 即模板
- plug...into
- 例句：She plugged the data into the computer program.
- conventional
- 词根词缀：con-（共同） + vent（来） + -ion（名词后缀） + -al（形容词后缀），字面 “大家共同遵循的”，引申为 “传统的”
- story line
- backbone
- ready - made
- 构词：ready（准备好的） + made（制作）
- narrative structure
- 词根词缀：narrate（v. 叙述） + -ive（形容词后缀），narrative 即叙事的
P4
英文原文There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle - size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
中文翻译记者与读者之间存在着社会和文化层面的隔阂，这也解释了为何编辑部的那些 “标准模式” 在众多读者看来如此陌生。在近期的一项调查中，研究人员向全国五座中等城市以及一座大型大都会的记者发放了调查问卷，随后又随机致电这些地区的居民，询问了相同的问题。
重点单词短语讲解
- disconnect
- 词根词缀：dis-（否定） + connect（连接），表 “断开，隔阂”
- alien
- 释义：adj. 陌生的；异域的；不相容的（n. 外星人；侨民）
- 搭配：be alien to sb. 对某人来说很陌生
- questionnaire
- 词根词缀：question（问题） + -naire（名词后缀，表物品）
- middle - size
- plus
- metropolitan
- 词根词缀：metro（城市） + polit（城市） + -an（形容词后缀）
- 搭配：metropolitan area 大都市区
- at random
- 例句：The teacher picked students at random to answer questions.
P5
英文原文Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
中文翻译调查结果显示，与其他美国人相比，记者更有可能居住在高档社区、雇佣女佣、开奔驰车、从事股票交易，而他们去教堂做礼拜、参与志愿活动或是在某个社区定居扎根的可能性则更低。
重点单词短语讲解
- compared with
- 例句：Compared with last year, the sales volume has increased a lot.
- be likely to
- upscale
- 构词：up（向上） + scale（等级），表 “高等级的”
- 搭配：upscale neighborhoods 高档社区
- neighborhoods
- Mercedeses
- 释义：n. 奔驰车（复数），全称 Mercedes - Benz
- trade stocks
- 搭配：trade（v. 交易） + stocks（股票，复数）
- volunteer work
- 词根词缀：volunt（自愿） + -eer（表人），volunteer 即志愿者
- put down roots
- 例句：After years of traveling, he finally decided to put down roots in this small town.
P6
英文原文Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
中文翻译记者往往属于广义上的社会文化精英阶层，因此他们的报道内容也往往反映出这一精英群体的传统价值观。公众对新闻媒体这种令人震惊的不信任感，其根源并非在于报道失实或是记者的业务能力不足，而是源于记者与读者之间世界观的日常冲突。
重点单词短语讲解
- tend to
- 例句：People tend to get tired easily in hot weather.
- broadly defined
- 搭配：broadly（adv. 广泛地） + defined（adj. 被定义的）
- elite
- reflect
- 词根词缀：re-（回） + flect（弯曲），字面 “反射回去”，引申为 “反映”
- astonishing
- 词根词缀：astonish（v. 使震惊） + -ing（形容词后缀）
- be rooted in
- 例句：His love for music is rooted in his childhood.
- inaccuracy
- 词根词缀：in-（否定） + accuracy（准确性），accur（准确） + -acy（名词后缀）
- reportorial
- 词根词缀：report（v./n. 报道） + -orial（形容词后缀）
- clash
- 搭配：clash of world views 世界观的冲突
- world views
P7
英文原文This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
中文翻译对于任何行业而言，这都是一种极具风险的局面，对于正处于衰退期的行业来说更是如此。新闻行业本就举步维艰，却还在不断雇佣那些态度让读者极为反感的员工。随后，该行业又举办了众多研讨会，还开展了可信度调查项目，一心想要弄清楚为何读者怨声载道、纷纷流失。但它似乎始终没有意识到，众多老读者一直抱怨的正是行业中存在的文化与阶级偏见。若新闻行业能意识到这一点，就应该拓展其多元化招聘项目 —— 该项目目前仅局限于关注种族和性别问题，转而招聘那些在观念、价值观、教育背景以及社会阶层等方面存在较大差异的记者。
重点单词短语讲解
- explosive
- 释义：adj. 极具风险的；爆炸性的（n. 炸药）
- 词根词缀：explode（v. 爆炸） + -ive（形容词后缀）
- declining
- 词根词缀：decline（v./n. 衰退；下降） + -ing（形容词后缀）
- troubled
- 词根词缀：trouble（n./v. 麻烦） + -ed（形容词后缀）
- vastly
- 词根词缀：vast（adj. 巨大的） + -ly（副词后缀）
- sponsor
- 搭配：sponsor symposiums 主办研讨会
- symposiums
- 词根词缀：源自希腊语，sym-（共同） + pos（喝），原指 “酒会讨论”，后引申为 “研讨会”
- dedicated to
- 例句：The team is dedicated to developing new technologies.
- fleeing
- get around to
- 例句：I haven't got around to cleaning my room yet.
- biases
- 搭配：cultural and class biases 文化与阶级偏见
- diversity program
- 词根词缀：diverse（adj. 多样的） + -ity（名词后缀），diversity 即多样性
- focus on
- 例句：The company focuses on environmental protection.
- narrowly
- 词根词缀：narrow（adj. 狭窄的） + -ly（副词后缀）
- outlook
